ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SME'S (AIJBES)

GLOBAL TRENDS IN TAX INCENTIVES RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND NETWORK ANALYSIS

Umikalsom Mohamed Ariffin, Suhaila Abdul Hamid , Izlawanie Muhammad — Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of Tax Incentives to uncover global research's structure, trends, and intellectual landscape in this field. Tax incentives, widely used by governments to stimulate investment, innovation, and economic growth, have generated a growing body of academic literature. Despite this, a systematic overview of the development and influence of research on tax incentives remains limited. To address this gap, this study employed a bibliometric approach using the Scopus database with two primary keywords: "Tax" and "Incentives." A total of 1,153 documents were identified and analysed using a combination of Scopus Analyzer for publication trends and citation metrics. Open Refine for data cleaning and standardisation, and VOSviewer for mapping co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and country collaborations. The findings indicate a consistent increase in scholarly output over the past decade, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom leading in publication volume and citation impact. Using keyword co-occurrence, researchers spotted areas of prioritized research such as investment growth, innovation, economic development, and tax administration, reflecting the multidimensional focus of tax incentives research. Country collaboration networks show increasing international partnerships, especially between developed and emerging economies. Furthermore, highly cited authors and influential journals were identified, providing insight into the field's key contributors. Overall, this study highlights the evolving research landscape surrounding tax incentives and offers a comprehensive reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. The findings illustrate past and current research directions, pointing toward emerging gaps and opportunities, particularly in aligning tax policy with technological change and sustainable development goals. This analysis contributes a more nuanced understanding of how tax incentives are studied and applied across disciplines and regions.

UNPACKING THE PERIL: STUDENT AWARENESS OF BANKRUPTCY RISK WITH BUY NOW, PAY LATER SERVICES

Nurfarizan Mazhani Mahmud, Mohamad Iruwan Ghuslan, Mahfuzah Ahmad, Fatimah Alwi — Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The rising popularity of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services among students has introduced new financial dynamics, raising concerns about the potential risk of incurring personal bankruptcy due to unmanaged debt. Thus, this study examines university students' awareness of the risk of bankruptcy associated with using BNPL in Peninsular Malaysia. A descriptive research design was employed, using a structured questionnaire survey to gather data from a diverse student population, ranging from foundation to master's degree levels, aged between 18 and 30 years. A total of 366 valid responses were collected and analyzed. Findings reveal that most respondents are aware of the bankruptcy risk associated with BNPL, while nearly half of the respondents are aware of the bankruptcy threshold in Malaysia. However, this awareness does not necessarily translate into cautious financial behavior. Many students continue to engage in BNPL usage despite lacking stable income and financial management experience, with many displaying a tendency to spend on non-essential items driven by trends and peer influence. Alarmingly, about 50% of BNPL users reported pending payments, highlighting potential financial vulnerability at a young age. This study contributes to the growing discourse on financial literacy and responsible credit usage among youths. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and financial institutions to develop targeted awareness campaigns and early intervention strategies to prevent youth debt accumulation and potential bankruptcy.

NAVIGATING SMART HOTEL IMPLEMENTATION IN BATAM ISLAND, INDONESIA: STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES

Devid Trinaldo Simatupang , Azila Azmi , Suria Sulaiman , Azrul Abdullah — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The hospitality industry is undergoing a significant transformation driven by rapid technological advancements, resulting in the emergence of smart hotels as a new paradigm in accommodation services. These hotels integrate a range of cutting-edge technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and mobile applications, to enhance guest experiences through personalization and convenience, optimize operational efficiency, and promote sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This shift is reshaping guest expectations and industry standards globally, creating opportunities for competitive advantage. Batam Island, Indonesia, as a rapidly developing tourist destination and a critical gateway for international visitors, presents a relevant and strategically significant setting to explore the adoption and implementation of smart hotel technologies. The island’s evolving tourism landscape, coupled with its socio-economic and infrastructural characteristics, underscores the importance of understanding how these innovations are integrated within emerging market settings. This study aims to investigate the implementation of smart hotels in Batam by focusing on the socio-technical challenges inherent in this process, including infrastructural constraints, cultural considerations, and stakeholder readiness. Although extensive research has explored smart hotel implementation in developed economies, emerging markets such as Indonesia remain underrepresented in the literature. In order to identify the main challenges and their roles in advancing the implementation of smart hotel technologies, this study will use a qualitative methodology to gather the lived experiences and perspectives of stakeholders, including internationally chain hotel managers of four and five star hotels that have implemented smart hotels and government officials with experience creating regulations on smart hotels. The findings are expected to provide critical insights into stakeholder engagement, infrastructural and cultural barriers, and strategic opportunities specific to Batam Island, offering valuable contributions for academic and industry practitioners seeking to advance smart hospitality practices in similar emerging contexts.

FINANCIAL LITERACY, BEHAVIOR, AND INCLUSION AS PREDICTORS OF FINANCIAL WELL-BEING AMONG YOUNG BNPL USERS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Siti Noor Syalwani Mustapa, Sarah Sabir Ahmad, Azfahanee Zakaria — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

There are now more worries about the long-term financial well-being of young people due to the rapid growth of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services in Malaysia. Although BNPL platforms offer short-term affordability and convenience, young people often lack the financial literacy, behavior, and protections necessary to use these credit tools effectively. As a result, young people are more susceptible to financial stress, debt accumulation, and excessive spending. In order to investigate how financial literacy, financial behavior, and financial inclusion impact the financial well-being of young BNPL users, this conceptual paper proposes a theoretical framework based on Financial Capability Theory (FCT). The framework emphasizes the relationship between financial services by integrating three functional constructs that stand for both internal capacity and external opportunity. The model is based on three hypotheses, all of which aim to advance our knowledge of young people's financial opportunities in the digitally driven economy. This study presents a theoretical contribution by expanding the application of FCT to the understudied area of youth BNPL usage. In practice, the concept helps Fintech companies, educators, and legislators create more responsible credit systems and financial literacy initiatives. The model should be empirically validated in future studies, and demographic variables influencing these correlations should be investigated.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ARFIMA MODEL DURING 1993 – 2022

Amirah Hazwani Abdul Rahim, Mohd Tahir Ismail, Nurazlina Abdul Rashid — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) model is the best choice for the long-term memory data series. In this research, we review and evaluate the literature on ARFIMA models. ARFIMA research activity was examined using a bibliometric technique using a sample of 784 papers from the Scopus database that were published between the years 1993 and 2022. Moreover, we identified the primary research areas, categories of published documents, most significant platforms and sources of ARFIMA publications, widely cited studies, productive authors, author's institutions and countries, as well as evaluated the publication's citation pattern. The titles and keywords, including abstracts of the documents, are also included, as well as their terms and occurrences. Microsoft Excel was used for frequency analysis, Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation analysis and metrics, as well as VOS viewer for data visualisation. The results indicate that there is an increment in the publications' number. The network analysis and statistical analysis revealed that the year 2018 had the most papers issued.

BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN GRADUATE EXPECTATIONS AND WORKPLACE REALITIES: FOR FUTURE HUMAN RESOURCE INTERVENTIONS

Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The conversion from academia to the professional workforce often exposes a significant gap between the expectations of graduates and the realities of the workplace. This study scrutinizes the transition from academic environments to professional settings often presents challenges for graduates, primarily due to their expectation in future career. In addition, the graduates have higher expectations for their first career after graduating with bachelor's degree level. However, recent studies revealed that unrealistic expectations among graduates are primary contributor to their early job dissatisfaction. This review paper discusses the gap between the graduates’ expectations and the reality of workplace setting. Moreover, this study explores the multifaced impact on this bridge within the graduates. Furthermore, this study provides actionable insights for Human Resource (HR) professionals to design strategies that enhance graduate employment in today’s workplace. By aligning academic preparation with industry demands, the workplace realities will be reflect the graduate expectation. Thus, the study underscores the importance of aligning academic preparation with industry demands to reduce expectation-reality mismatches and create a more organized and positive workforce.

STRUCTURAL BREAKS AND STOCK RETURN VOLATILITY IN MALAYSIA

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study investigates the effect of structural breaks on volatility modelling in the Malaysia stock market using daily KLCI return data from the year 2001 to 2024. Knowing that the financial market often experiences sudden shifts due to economic crises, political transitions, and various global events, this study explores if such structural breaks can significantly influence the estimation of volatility under the ARCH framework. The Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) algorithm is employed to detect multiple variance shifts in the KLCI return series before the ARCH-type models are estimated by incorporating the identified breakpoints. Three significant structural break dates are identified which coincide with the recovery period of major economic and political events such as the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, the stock market plunge in China, Japan and Europe in 2007, and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In addition, results of the ARCH model indicate consistent negative and statistically significant coefficients for three break dummies across ARCH specifications. The negative coefficients suggest a decline in conditional volatility following each structural break, implying that these events marked transitions into relatively more stable periods rather than heightened market turbulence. This study emphasises the significance of accounting for structural breaks in volatility modelling. The inclusion of breakpoints improves model predictability, offering better insights for investors, policymakers, and analysts concerning the market behaviour under evolving economic conditions in the Malaysian market.

KEBERKESANAN PEMASARAN DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING USAHAWAN ASNAF: KAJIAN EMPIRIK DI NEGERI PERLIS

Fathullah Asni, Wan Azani Mustafa, Khalilullah Amin Ahmad, Nor Izham Subri — Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membuka peluang baharu kepada usahawan, termasuk golongan asnaf untuk memperluaskan pemasaran produk mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, tahap kesedaran dan keupayaan usahawan asnaf dalam memanfaatkan pemasaran digital masih rendah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan meneroka pengalaman usahawan asnaf di negeri Perlis dalam menggunakan platform digital e-marketing serta mengenal pasti faktor kejayaan dan cabaran yang dihadapi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual tidak berstruktur dengan lapan usahawan asnaf yang dikenal pasti aktif menggunakan platform digital. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan platform seperti Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Twitter, dan WhatsApp dapat meningkatkan hasil jualan melalui kekerapan pengiklanan dan interaksi aktif dengan pelanggan. Selain itu, latihan dan bimbingan yang diterima secara formal atau tidak formal turut membantu dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan pemasaran digital. Namun, cabaran utama yang dikenal pasti termasuk kos pengiklanan yang tinggi dan kesukaran dalam menghasilkan kandungan kreatif yang berkesan. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan agar institusi zakat dan agensi berkaitan menyediakan sokongan yang lebih komprehensif dalam aspek latihan dan bantuan kewangan bagi membantu usahawan asnaf mengoptimumkan strategi pemasaran digital mereka.

The advancement of digital technology has created new opportunities for entrepreneurs, including the asnaf group, to expand their product marketing reach. However, the level of awareness and capability among asnaf entrepreneurs in leveraging digital marketing remains relatively low. Therefore, this study aims to explore the experiences of asnaf entrepreneurs in the state of Perlis in utilising digital e-marketing platforms, as well as to identify the key success factors and challenges they face. This research adopts a qualitative approach using unstructured interviews with eight asnaf entrepreneurs who were identified as actively using digital platforms. The findings reveal that platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp have helped increase sales through frequent advertising and active customer engagement. Additionally, both formal and informal training and mentoring have contributed to enhancing the effectiveness of digital marketing efforts. However, the main challenges identified include high advertising costs and difficulties in producing effective creative content. Thus, this study recommends that zakat institutions and relevant agencies provide more comprehensive support in the form of training and financial assistance to help asnaf entrepreneurs optimise their digital marketing strategies.

BRAND BOYCOTT AND ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR 2023: MALAYSIA MCDONALDʼS AND STARBUCKS BRAND RESPONSE AND PERCEPTION

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

With the escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict on 7 October 2023, Palestinian supporters have called for boycotts of companies they claim support Israeli policies and have drawn millions of views on social media. Many of those boycotting have referred to the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement to target a few pro-Israel brands to make the boycott more effective, and two of the brands that have been most affected globally are Starbucks and McDonaldʼs. This research adopts a qualitative case study approach using content analysis of press statements, social media communications, and academic literature to explore brand responses and public perceptions in Malaysia. The study aims to (1) examine the response from McDonaldʼs and Starbucks to the boycott against them in Malaysia; and (2) investigate the intentions behind these responses during the boycott. Findings showed that the McDonald’s and Starbucks boycott cases in Malaysia serve as critical case studies of how global brands must navigate geopolitical sensitivities in culturally diverse markets.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND BANK EFFICIENCY: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN-6 BANKING SECTORS

Nabilah Abdul Shukur, Fadzlan Sufian — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Financial inclusion has been widely acknowledged for its role in promoting economic growth, enhancing financial stability, and reducing poverty. However, its influence on bank efficiency remains relatively underexplored. Given the pivotal role of banks in mobilizing savings and allocating financial resources, understanding this relationship is crucial. This study investigates how financial inclusion impacts bank efficiency in the ASEAN-6 banking sectors. Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression covering the period from 2013 to 2021, our analysis reveals that the relationship varies across the region. These findings highlight the need for tailored financial inclusion policies that account for the unique characteristics and needs of each country, particularly for unbanked and vulnerable groups. Such policies must be carefully crafted to support efficiency while advancing inclusion.

IMPACT OF AUTOMATION ON ACCOUNTING: WILL TECHNOLOGY ELIMINATE ACCOUNTANT ROLES?

Koay Ing Keat, Angeline Yap Kiew Heong — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The rapid development of technology has significantly changed various sectors. The accounting industry has also undergone tremendous changes due to the integration of computerized accounting systems, automation, and internet-based accounting technologies. This study critically explores the extent to which technological progress threatens or reshapes the traditional role of accountants. This study aims to examine the degree to which automation and technology are integrated into current accounting practices and to evaluate the impact of automation and technology on the efficiency and accuracy of accounting practices. This study adopted a primary data research design. Data collection was conducted through surveys and questionnaires. Responses were collected from 137 accounting-related professionals and analyzed using descriptive data analysis and inferential statistics. The regression model yielded an R-squared value of 0.560, indicating that 56% of the variance in accounting practices is explained by computerized accounting systems, automated accounting and accounting internet technologies. Positive correlations were found between computerized accounting systems, automated accounting, and accounting internet technologies with accounting practices. These technologies enhance accuracy, efficiency, fraud detection, internal controls, and real-time financial decision-making. They also enhance financial decision-making by enabling real-time data access, reducing human error, and supporting transparency through tools such as cloud computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. The study concluded that technology has not eliminated the need for accountants, but has redefined their role and expanded the scope of their responsibilities. This study contributes to the accounting field by highlighting how technological advancements are reshaping professional roles and client expectations. It provides valuable insights into how firms can use innovation to improve service quality and remain competitive. The findings support the need for skills development so that employees can adapt to increased automation and take on more strategic decision-making roles.

RESEARCH TRENDS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' INITIATIVE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS BASED ON CHINA

Liu Liming, Noor Raihani Zainol, Naresh Kumar Samy, Julia Tan Yin Yin — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

As the world’s largest provider of higher education, China offers a valuable perspective for understanding international trends in cultivating college student initiative. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of journal articles on Chinese college students’ initiative published between 1995 and 2024 in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. By employing quantitative and visualization approaches, the research identifies evolving publication trends, key topics, disciplinary patterns, influential authors, institutions, and highly cited works. Results show that scholarly attention to college students’ initiative in China has grown in tandem with educational reforms emphasizing autonomy, self-regulation, and active engagement—paralleling similar value shifts and research advances globally. The analysis traces a progression from early theoretical frameworks to diversified empirical investigations into psychological, motivational, technological, and environmental factors guiding initiative development. Furthermore, the study highlights both achievements and gaps—specifically a prior lack of systematic, large-scale quantitative reviews in this field. By focusing on China’s experience as a case study, this research provides insights into the theoretical and practical dynamics shaping student initiative worldwide, offering data-driven implications valuable to educators, policymakers, and researchers in both national and international contexts.

READINESS OF VIRTUAL REALITY IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIAN BUSINESS EVENTS

Izura Ibrahim, Hafizah Besar Sa’aid, Nurfaznim Shuib — Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This concept paper examines Malaysia’s readiness to adopt Virtual Reality (VR) in the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE) industry. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the study explores the opportunities and challenges of VR adoption in the Malaysian business events context. Key dimensions considered include technological infrastructure, digital literacy, organizational preparedness, and regulatory support. The analysis highlights potential barriers such as high implementation costs, limited skills in immersive technologies, and uneven digital access, while also identifying enablers such as strong government initiatives under Industry 4WRD and increasing digital transformation efforts. As a conceptual contribution, this paper proposes a framework for assessing VR readiness in the MICE sector, providing a theoretical basis for future empirical studies. Practically, it offers insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and event organizers to design strategies that enhance Malaysia’s global competitiveness in the digital events landscape.

REJUVENATE MALAYSIAN AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY VIA CROWDFUNDING: A STUDY FROM CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE

Mohammad Fauzy Tambi, Azlina Hanif — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The Malaysian agriculture sector continues to face persistent challenges, including limited access to funding, inadequate banking support, and high-interest credit. In addressing these constraints, crowdfunding has emerged as an innovative financial tool incorporating the Internet of Things (IoT). As a promising alternative, crowdfunding offers financing opportunities for farmers, start-ups, and small and medium enterprises. Although international agriculture crowdfunding platforms have reported numerous successes, such platforms remain underutilized in Malaysia. This study explores factors influencing the behavioural intention of Malaysian agricultural stakeholders to adopt crowdfunding platforms for financing agricultural and business activities. The investigation applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), incorporating additional variables: perceived innovativeness and perceived risks. A quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysed responses from 218 participants, including farmers, breeders, agrifood entrepreneurs, and individuals aspiring to enter the sector. The findings highlight that performance expectancy, perceived innovativeness, and perceived risks significantly affect stakeholders' behavioural intention to use crowdfunding platforms, while effort expectancy and social influence show no measurable impact. These results emphasize the importance of crowdfunding platforms as a viable financing mechanism for Malaysian agriculture stakeholders. Given the minimal influence of social factors on decision-making, policymakers should implement extensive promotional and awareness initiatives to enhance the visibility and adoption of this modern financing tool. This study underscores the potential of crowdfunding to address financial barriers in Malaysia’s agricultural sector, paving the way for greater innovation and sustainable growth.

TAHAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN AMALAN TERHADAP GAYA HIDUP SIHAT DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR ASNAF DI PERLIS

Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Gaya hidup sihat merangkumi amalan hidup optimum dalam kehidupan seharian seperti aktiviti fizikal yang sesuai dan mencukupi, mengamalkan tabiat pemakanan yang betul, mendapat rehat yang mencukupi serta mempunyai sikap positif terhadap situasi kehidupan. Oleh itu, kajian berbentuk deskriptif ini dijalankan untuk meninjau tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan gaya hidup sihat dalam kalangan pelajar asnaf di Perlis. Seramai 200 orang pelajar asnaf dari Parlimen Kangar, Parlimen Arau dan Parlimen Padang Besar telah dipilih secara rawak sebagai sampel. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik yang telah diadaptasikan dari Burton (1999) dengan nilai kebolehpercayaan Cronbach Alpha sebanyak 0.86. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 29.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar asnaf Perlis memiliki tahap pengetahuan yang baik terhadap gaya hidup sihat iaitu 52.1 peratus.

A healthy lifestyle encompasses optimal daily habits such as engaging in appropriate and sufficient physical activity, maintaining healthy eating practices, getting adequate rest, and adopting a positive outlook on life. Hence, this descriptive study was conducted to explore the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to healthy lifestyles among asnaf students in Perlis. A total of 200 asnaf students from the parliamentary constituencies of Kangar, Arau, and Padang Besar were randomly selected as sample.The research employed a structured questionnaire adapted from Burton (1999), which demonstrated a high level of reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.86. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 29.0. The findings revealed that asnaf students in Perlis generally possessed a good level of knowledge about healthy lifestyles, with 52.1 percent of respondents demonstrating satisfactory understanding.

PERSEPSI HUTANG DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP TINGKAH LAKU KEWANGAN

Masnih Mustapa, Nur Ilma Ambo, Dg Syahirah Nasuha Nurshid — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Kemelut hutang dalam kalangan pelajar universiti kian menjadi isu yang berupaya menjejaskan kestabilan kewangan belia pada masa hadapan. Kajian ini meneliti persepsi hutang dalam kalangan pelajar Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) dengan memberi tumpuan terhadap tahap pengetahuan kewangan dan perbezaan jantina. Reka bentuk kuantitatif melibatkan 125 responden dari pelbagai fakulti di UMS yang dipilih melalui persampelan rawak berstrata. Analisis deskriptif dan ujian-t bebas (Independent Samples t-test) digunakan untuk menilai perbezaan tahap pengetahuan hutang antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa rata-rata pelajar berada pada tahap pengetahuan hutang sederhana tinggi, terutamanya berkenaan faedah pinjaman, risiko kebankrapan dan keberkesanan perkhidmatan institusi kewangan seperti Agensi Kaunseling dan Pengurusan Kredit (AKPK). Menariknya, tiada perbezaan signifikan ditemui antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan, sekali gus menyokong hipotesis nol bahawa faktor jantina bukanlah penentu utama literasi kewangan. Walau bagaimanapun, dapatan ini turut mendedahkan kekurangan pemahaman tentang implikasi jangka panjang hutang kad kredit, khususnya berkenaan faedah kompaun dan penalti kelewatan pembayaran. Implikasi teori menyarankan bahawa sokongan awal melalui pendedahan konsep kewangan dan pembentukan sikap berhati-hati dapat memupuk pengurusan hutang lebih berhemat, selari dengan penekanan teori kewangan tingkah laku. Di peringkat praktikal, inisiatif holistik seperti modul kewangan dalam kurikulum universiti, ceramah pakar dan program bimbingan individu perlu dipergiat untuk menambah baik tahap literasi kewangan pelajar. Hasil dapatan ini diharap dapat menjadi asas bagi merangka strategi pengurusan hutang yang mapan, sekali gus mengurangkan risiko ketidakstabilan kewangan golongan belia. Dapatan kajian menegaskan kepentingan literasi kewangan awal dalam membangun masyarakat belia yang berdaya tahan.

The growing issue of student debt has become a global concern with potential long-term implications for the financial stability of youth. This study explores debt perception among students at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), focusing on financial literacy levels and gender differences. A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was employed, involving 125 respondents from various faculties, selected through stratified random sampling. Descriptive analysis and Independent Samples t-tests were used to examine differences in debt literacy between male and female students. Findings indicate that students generally possess a moderately high level of debt knowledge, especially in areas such as loan interest, bankruptcy risks, and the effectiveness of financial advisory services like the Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency (AKPK). Interestingly, no significant gender differences were observed, supporting the null hypothesis that gender is not a major determinant of financial literacy. However, the results also reveal gaps in students' understanding of long-term credit card debt implications, particularly concerning compound interest and late payment penalties. From a theoretical standpoint, the findings highlight the importance of early exposure to financial concepts and the cultivation of cautious financial attitudes, aligning with principles of behavioural finance theory. On a practical level, there is a need to strengthen holistic initiatives such as integrating financial education into university curricula, organizing expert talks, and offering individual guidance programs to enhance students’ financial literacy. These insights aim to support the development of sustainable debt management strategies and contribute to building a financially resilient youth population.

DRIVERS OF GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION AMONG MALAYSIAN OIL AND GAS SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Ariff Aiman Azmin Mustam, Mohd Najib Saad, Arnis Asmat — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In recent years, scholars have deemed green entrepreneurship essential for generating new business opportunities for sustainable development. Despite numerous recent studies in this field, there is a scarcity of research on how drivers of green entrepreneurship assist businesses in the oil and gas sector in advancing towards sustainable green practices. This study seeks to elucidate the factors influencing green entrepreneurship within oil and gas small and medium enterprises (OGSMEs) in Malaysia, thereby addressing the existing research gap. Data will be collected from 3834 OGSMEs in Malaysia through stratified random sampling. The research will employ a cross-sectional survey methodology, with data analysis performed using SPSS version 29.0 and PLS-SEM version 4.0. This study provides industry professionals, governmental organizations, and policymakers with an enhanced comprehension of the factors influencing green entrepreneurship in the oil and gas sectors. The findings facilitate the formulation of effective policies and regulations that can enhance the sustainability of the oil and gas industry.

OVERVIEW OF THE ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE ON MICROENTERPRISE GROWTH IN MALAYSIA

Na’if Farhan Sazali, Azlul Kalilah Zaghlol, Rafiatul Adlin Hj Mohd Ruslan — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines the determinants of access to Islamic microfinance and its impact on the growth of microenterprises in Malaysia. Microenterprises are vital to Malaysia's economic development, but they face significant financial challenges, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. While Islamic microfinance offers Sharia-compliant financial solutions without interest, many microenterprise owners lack awareness of these options or how to access them. The research addresses two main questions: what factors determine microentrepreneurs' access to Islamic microfinancing, and how does this financing impact microenterprise performance. Using advanced analytical methods, including logit models and propensity score matching, this study will collect data from microenterprises across Malaysia through surveys and interviews conducted over a two-month period from September to October 2025. The findings will help identify barriers to Islamic microfinance access and measure its effectiveness through key performance indicators such as sales growth, profitability, and employment generation. This research aligns with Malaysia's National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 and will provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions to improve Islamic microfinancing initiatives. By enhancing understanding of Islamic microfinance's role in supporting microenterprises, this study contributes to developing a more inclusive and resilient entrepreneurial ecosystem in Malaysia.

THE ROLE OF FEMALE DIRECTORS’ ATTRIBUTES IN ENHANCING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTING TRANSPARENCY: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

Syarifah Fairuz Syed Radzuan, Aliana Shazma Amir Amir, Rabiatul Adawiyah Safiee — Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study presents a bibliometric review that examines the role of female directors’ attributes in enhancing corporate governance and accounting transparency. This topic has gained increasing scholarly and policy interest amid the growing global emphasis on board diversity and ethical governance. Despite a growing body of literature linking gender diversity to improved governance outcomes, there is limited consolidated evidence on this field's scope, trends, and influential contributions. Addressing this gap, the study aims to map and analyze the intellectual structure and evolution of research on succeeding studies on female directors and governance between 2020 and 2025. Using the keywords “female director” and “governance,” a systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database. Inclusion criteria were set to ensure relevance and quality, restricting results to English-language journal articles within the subject areas of Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, and Social Sciences. The final dataset comprised 331 publications. Scopus Analyzer generated performance metrics, including publication trends, country contributions, and leading sources. At the same time, VOSviewer software was employed for science mapping through keyword co-occurrence, co-authorship, and citation network visualizations. The results indicate a growing interest in the topic, with the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia leading the publication output. Corporate governance, board diversity, and gender diversity emerged as the dominant keywords, reflecting thematic concentration. Citation analysis identified highly influential authors and seminal works that shaped this research area. The findings reveal the dynamics of academic engagement with gender and governance and provide scholars and policymakers with insights into key contributors, collaboration patterns, and emerging research themes. This bibliometric analysis clarifies how female board representation intersects with the quality of governance and financial transparency.

THE ROLE OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH IN ENHANCING THE FINANCIAL WELL-BEING OF FISABILILLAH ZAKAT RECIPIENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Amni Mohd Adnan, Azwan Abdullah, Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad — Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

University students, particularly those from low-income households, often face financial challenges that negatively impact their academic performance, mental health, and overall well-being. In Malaysia, fisabilillah zakat serves as a vital financial aid mechanism for students in higher education institutions. However, evidence shows that while zakat alleviates short-term financial pressure, many recipients lack the necessary financial literacy and discipline to manage the assistance effectively. This conceptual paper proposes Maqasid al-Shariah as the higher objectives of Islamic law as a guiding framework for financial management among zakat recipients. By integrating the dimensions of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth into financial decision-making, students can transform zakat aid into sustainable financial well-being, academic resilience, and personal development. Employing a qualitative conceptual approach, this paper develops a model to explain how students can apply Islamic principles to financial practices, thereby enhancing the long-term effectiveness of zakat assistance in higher education.

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN MALAYSIA: COMPREHENSIVE MINI REVIEW

Mohd Azhar Mohd Yusuff, Suzyanty Mohd Shokory — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Purpose: This comprehensive mini review explores the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance, with specific attention to Malaysia’s civil service sector. Its objective is to determine whether organizational commitment offers a more consistent and nuanced explanation of how employee satisfaction translates into performance outcomes, particularly in a context where public accountability, efficiency, and service quality are critical to governance effectiveness. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar (search date: 25 August 2025), yielding 412 studies, of which 82 met the inclusion criteria for detailed review. Boolean operators and keywords such as “organizational commitment,” “job satisfaction,” “job performance,” and “civil servants” were applied. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies addressing organizational commitment as a mediating factor within the Malaysian public sector context, while exclusion criteria removed non-English publications, studies without explicit reference to the mediator, and grey literature. Results: The findings indicate that organizational commitment encompassing affective, continuance, and normative dimensions plays a pivotal role in reinforcing the job satisfaction and performance relationship. Commitment enhances motivation, loyalty, and extra-role behaviors, thereby addressing inconsistencies in direct satisfactiona and performance associations. However, challenges remain, including cultural and institutional variability, risks of burnout when commitment is unsupported by organizational resources, and difficulties in capturing psychological constructs through digital monitoring tools. While emerging technologies such as human resource management systems (HRMS), engagement platforms, and e-government dashboards provide avenues for strengthening commitment, they also raise concerns about privacy, fairness, and generalizability. Conclusion: Organizational commitment provides theoretical clarity and practical pathways for enhancing civil servant performance in Malaysia by aligning individual attitudes with institutional goals. Future research should adopt longitudinal and context-sensitive designs that integrate cultural values, leadership styles, and technological developments. Practically, leadership training, transparent career progression, and recognition systems embedded within civil service reforms offer promising avenues to strengthen organizational commitment and, in turn, workforce effectiveness and governance outcomes.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE FOR THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR LISTED IN BURSA MALAYSIA

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the interrelationships between financial performance and market value among healthcare companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. It aims is to examine how key financial metrics namely liquidity, financial leverage, asset efficiency, and operating profitability influence investor perceptions and consequently impact market value within the healthcare sector. The study focuses specifically on companies categorized under healthcare equipment and services, using data obtained from their annual reports from 2014 to 2023. Price to book value (PBV) is employed as the dependent variable representing market value, while the independent variables consist of current ratio (CR), debt equity ratio (DER), total assets turnover (TATO), and net profit margin (NPM), each reflecting distinct aspects of financial performance. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis are utilized to examine the relationships among the variables. The regression results found that debt equity ratio and total aset turnover are positive significant with price to book value. These results highlight the role of financial leverage and aset efficiency in determining the healthcare firm value. The sensitivity analysis highlights the same conclusions. In conclusion, the study provides empirical evidence that specific financial indicators significantly affect the market value of healthcare companies in Malaysia, offering insights for financial decision-making and investment strategies within the healthcare sector.

KEBERKESANAN SKIM AGIHAN EKONOMI ASNAF DI PERLIS: ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BANTUAN, CABARAN, DAN CADANGAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN

Ummi Naiemah Saraih, Sharmini Abdullah, Bibi Noraini Mohd. Yusuf, Aiza Jasmi — Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keberkesanan Skim Agihan Program Peningkatan Ekonomi Asnaf di Perlis terhadap penerima bantuan dari segi penggunaan bantuan, jenis kegiatan ekonomi yang dijalankan, kepuasan terhadap jumlah dan prosedur bantuan, serta cabaran yang dihadapi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan, melibatkan 120 responden yang menerima bantuan melalui program tersebut. Data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik yang dibangunkan untuk mengukur aspek-aspek tersebut, dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa majoriti responden menggunakan bantuan untuk memperkukuh perniagaan sedia ada, dengan sektor pertanian dan perikanan menjadi pilihan utama. Walaupun bantuan yang diterima kebanyakannya dianggap mencukupi, beberapa cabaran seperti kekurangan modal, persaingan dalam pasaran, dan kelewatan dalam proses permohonan masih wujud. Sebahagian besar responden mencadangkan penambahbaikan, terutamanya dari segi pemantauan berterusan dan penambahan jumlah bantuan. Secara keseluruhannya, program ini telah memberi pandangan positif terhadap ekonomi golongan asnaf, namun masih terdapat ruang untuk penambahbaikan agar keberkesanannya dapat ditingkatkan.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Economic Empowerment Distribution Scheme for Asnaf in Perlis by analyzing how the recipients utilize the financial aid, the types of economic activities undertaken, their satisfaction with the amount and procedure of aid distribution, as well as the challenges faced and improvement suggestions. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 120 respondents who received assistance through the program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that most recipients used the assistance to strengthen their existing businesses, particularly in agriculture and fisheries sectors. While the financial aid was generally perceived as adequate, several challenges persisted, such as limited capital, market competition, and delays in application procedures. A majority of recipients proposed improvements, especially in continuous monitoring and increased funding. Overall, the program had a positive impact on the economic well-being of the asnaf group, although enhancements are needed to further increase its effectiveness.

CONSUMERS‘ SATISFACTION TOWARDS THE USAGE OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN FURNITURE PRODUCTS：A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH

Guo Shuang, Darliana Mohamad, Hana Yazmeen Hapiz — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study tries to find out consumers’ satisfaction towards the usage of Chinese traditional cultural elements in furniture elements. A qualitative method is adopted in this study to investigate 10 consumers’ perspectives. 10 consumers are all form Nanjing city in China. The results shows that all the interviewed consumers know the existence of the furniture products integrating with Chinese traditional cultural elements. What’s more, they are not satisfied with the current situation of the usage Chinese traditional cultural elements in furniture products. Most consumers point out that the cedar and the plum are the favorite elements that they prefer to use in the furniture products. The usage of consumers’ favorite elements will increase consumers intension of purchase, but the price and functional attributes should also be taken into full consideration. This study has a strong practical significance for furniture designer and workers of cultural and creative products.

THE IMPACT OF MALAYSIA AIRLINES’ ONLINE PAYMENT SYSTEM ON PURCHASE INTENTION AMONG MALAYSIAN CONSUMERS

Mohamad Alif Azmiezal Mohd Azmi, Ng Vi Anne, Megat Muzammir Megat Abu Bazar — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

With the rapid advancement of digital transactions in the aviation industry, the online payment system has become a pivotal element influencing customer purchase intention. This study examines the impact of Malaysia Airlines' online payment system on the purchase intention of Malaysian consumers. The study investigates key factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and price value, which contribute to consumers’ purchase intentions when using the airline's online payment system. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected through surveys distributed among Malaysian consumers who have utilized Malaysia Airlines' online payment system. Statistical methods including descriptive analysis, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to examine the relationships between variables. The findings reveal that a user-friendly interface, simplified processes, and transparent pricing policies significantly influence consumer trust and satisfaction, thereby shaping their purchase intention. These results provide strategic insights for Malaysia Airlines in refining its online payment system to align with customer preferences, ultimately enhancing customer experience and increasing purchase intention.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENTION TO INVEST IN ISLAMIC SRI: SUSTAINABILITY AS MEDIATOR

Nur Adleen Mohammed Farish, Norzitah Abdul Karim — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The growth of Islamic SRI has demonstrated remarkable progress over the past three decades, indicating considerable opportunities for further development within the Islamic finance sector. Islamic SRI is not only a financial instrument but also a form of investment that contributes positively to environmental care and societal well-being. In Malaysia, the Securities Commission introduced the SRI Guidelines in 2017 to promote and support the development of SRI funds. The 2022 revision of the guidelines aimed to enhance transparency, reinforce reporting obligations, minimize the risk of greenwashing, and promote greater alignment with sustainability goals. These developments highlight the increasing importance of Islamic SRI in supporting sustainable growth and addressing environmental and social challenges. Against this background, the purpose of this conceptual paper is to examine the determinants affecting the intention to invest in Islamic SRI, with a particular focus on the mediating role of sustainability. The proposed framework is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which is widely applied in understanding investment decision-making. This study extends the theory by incorporating environmental concern and societal concern as additional determinants, alongside attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. By integrating sustainability as a mediator, the framework seeks to provide a more holistic understanding of the behavioural intention to invest in Islamic SRI.

FINANCIAL LITERACY: A BIBLIOMETRIC INSIGHT INTO RESEARCH TRENDS, THEMATIC EVOLUTION, AND INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS

Nor Hanim Elias, Mardziyah Mohd Isa, Nur Syamilah Md Noor, Muhamad Abrar Bahaman — Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Financial literacy has emerged as a vital area of scholarly inquiry, reflecting global concerns over financial decision-making, economic stability, and inclusive growth. Despite the increasing attention, there remains a need to systematically map the intellectual landscape of this field to understand its development and future trajectory. This study aims to analyze recent research trends in financial literacy through a bibliometric approach, using data extracted from the Scopus database. The analysis was guided by two keywords: financial literacy and literacy, targeting English-language peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2025. A total of 1982 documents were retrieved and refined using OpenRefine to ensure data accuracy and consistency. Bibliometric mapping and network visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, while descriptive analytics were generated via Scopus Analyzer. The findings indicate a significant growth in publication output, particularly after 2016, with a marked surge from 2020 to 2024, highlighting increased scholarly engagement in the post-pandemic financial context. The most productive subject areas include Business, Economics, and Social Sciences, with the United States, Indonesia, and India leading in publication output. Highly cited works focus on financial behavior, retirement planning, and financial education. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals emerging themes such as digital financial literacy, financial inclusion, and Islamic financial literacy, reflecting a diversifying research agenda. Co-authorship analysis highlights imbalances in international collaboration, particularly among developing countries. This study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive overview of global research activity in financial literacy, offering insights into its thematic evolution and geographic distribution. The findings serve as a reference point for researchers, educators, and policymakers seeking to strengthen financial education initiatives and promote inclusive financial knowledge across diverse contexts.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE PERSONAL SHOPPER E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS FOR KOREAN PRODUCTS (EPERS)

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Despite the rapid growth of e-commerce, particularly in international trade, many businesses face substantial issues related to order management, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency. This is especially true for platforms specialising in niche markets, such as those focusing on Korean products. Personal shoppers, who act as intermediaries in connecting consumers with Korean goods, often encounter difficulties overseeing the complex logistics of order fulfillment processes; hence, this study developed an Online Personal Shopper E-Commerce Application for Korean Products (ePERS) to solve the issue. This web-based platform aims to simplify the order process for customers and administrators/personal shoppers involved in purchasing goods from Korea. The system was developed in response to challenges faced by personal shoppers in managing order processes, particularly the inefficiencies associated with order tracking and order management. The ePERS platform adheres to the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) by utilising an adapted Waterfall Model comprising six phases: system planning, system analysis, system design, system development, system testing and evaluation, and system documentation. A thorough system testing process was implemented to evaluate the platform's performance by creating and assessing various operational scenarios. This approach aims to provide a robust system that enhances the ordering experience for users and administrators. Initial findings indicate that the ePERS has improved order tracking and overall customer satisfaction. While preliminary results are promising, further evaluation is still essential to assess the system's long-term performance and reliability. Future work should focus on continuous improvement and platform adaptation based on user feedback and market demands.

ENHANCING ACCOUNTING GRADUATE READINESS IN MALAYSIA: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR POLICY MAKERS AND EDUCATORS

Mahfuzah Ahmad, Faizal Mohamed Yusof, Fatimah Alwi, Nurfarizan Mazhani Mahmud — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This paper examines the readiness of accounting graduates in Malaysia using a stakeholder-driven thematic analysis. It draws on qualitative insights from interviews with two renowned Malaysian organisations. The research identifies four key challenges affecting graduate employability: (1) persistent gaps in soft skills such as communication and critical thinking, (2) limited digital competency aligned with industry needs, (3) insufficient ethics education, and (4) weak collaboration between academia and industry in curriculum development. National statistics and international reports, including those from ACCA, highlight that critical soft skills are lacking among fresh graduates. Framed by Vroom's Expectancy Theory, the analysis explores how students' motivation to develop long-term professional competencies is influenced by institutional reward structures that prioritise academic performance. Manual thematic reanalysis revealed recurring concerns among industry stakeholders, which were categorised and presented as core themes to inform policy. The paper proposes targeted reforms, including curriculum redesign, digital integration, formalised stakeholder involvement, and values-based ethics training. These recommendations aim to realign accounting education with evolving workforce demands and national education reform agendas. The findings will be useful for policymakers, universities, and professional bodies to strengthen employability and instil strong work ethics among future accounting professionals in Malaysia.

STRENGTHENING BIDAYUH WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KAMPUNG SINGAI, SARAWAK THROUGH THE 3D-IMPAK MODEL FOR RURAL TRANSFORMATION

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Rural micro-entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in advancing socio-economic development, yet it remains fragmented and vulnerable, particularly among women in Indigenous communities. In Malaysia, policy frameworks such as the MADANI Economy and the MyDIGITAL Blueprint 2021–2030 emphasize inclusive entrepreneurship and the pledge to “leave no one behind.” However, the realities on the ground reveal that Bidayuh women entrepreneurs in Kampung Singai continue to face significant challenges, including digital exclusion, weak branding capacity, restricted market access, and limited support networks. These structural barriers prevent them from fully engaging with national agendas and leveraging opportunities in the digital economy.This article introduces the 3D-IMPAK Model, a community-driven framework designed to strengthen Bidayuh women entrepreneurs by integrating Digital Transformation, Indigenous Empowerment, and Social Enterprise. The model reframes rural entrepreneurship as a pathway not only for economic growth but also for cultural resilience, digital inclusion, and women’s collective agency. By promoting digital literacy, advancing indigenous branding, and fostering peer-based cooperative networks, the 3D-IMPAK approach addresses systemic gaps that hinder women’s participation and competitiveness.Aligned with Malaysia’s national strategies and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this framework highlights the transformative potential of empowering Indigenous women entrepreneurs as catalysts for rural development. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that strengthening Bidayuh women entrepreneurs through the 3D-IMPAK Model contributes to building resilience, enhancing market competitiveness, and preserving dignity in the digital era, offering a replicable approach for inclusive and sustainable rural transformation.

THE IMPACT OF EXTENDED RETIREMENT AGE ON SAVINGS AMONG MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This research examines the implications of increasing the retirement age for government workers in Malaysia, focusing on its effects on savings behaviour, pension sustainability, and economic participation. Drawing from national labour statistics, Employees Provident Fund (EPF) reports, and World Bank recommendations, the study identifies both the potential benefits and drawbacks of such a policy shift. While extending the retirement age can enhance retirement savings, maintain a larger labour force, and ease pension pressures, it also raises challenges such as age discrimination, reduced job opportunities for younger workers, and possible health-related work limitations. The study recommends a phased retirement age increase, improved retirement savings schemes, enhanced financial literacy programs, and flexible employment options. These strategies aim to balance economic sustainability with social equity for Malaysia’s ageing workforce.

HARNESSING SHORT-FORM VIDEO MARKETING: A REVIEW OF STRATEGIES, IMPACT, AND EMERGING TRENDS

Hazliza Haron, Nawal Esa Yazid Esa, Nurul Afiqah Ahmad, Azura Abdul Rahman — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This conceptual paper explores the role of ethical transparency in AI marketing and its impact on consumer trust. As AI technologies become integral to marketing strategies, transparent communication about AI practices is crucial for building consumer trust. This paper proposes a framework examining how ethical transparency in AI marketing influences consumer trust. By analyzing existing literature, the paper highlights the importance of disclosing AI usage, ensuring data privacy and security, maintaining algorithmic fairness, and adhering to responsible AI practices. The findings suggest that ethical transparency in AI marketing enhances consumer trust, leading to increased consumer loyalty and positive brand perception. However, implementing ethical transparency presents challenges, including addressing algorithmic bias, ensuring data privacy, and achieving transparency in complex AI systems. This framework provides valuable insights for marketers and businesses aiming to build trust-based relationships with consumers through ethical AI marketing practices.

DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS FACTOR FOR GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PRACTICES IN MALAYSIAN SMES

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The green entrepreneurship concept is gaining significant momentum and is considered one of the key drivers for the green economy due to sustainable development. In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) form and contribute tremendously to the growth of Malaysia's domestic products as a rapidly developing country. Much effort has been made over the recent years to strengthen green practices among entrepreneurs. However, this topic has yet to be given less limelight concerning the SMEs in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to investigate factors influencing the practice of green entrepreneurship among SME entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The study opted for non-probability and quantitative techniques. A sample of 169 entrepreneurs of Malaysian SME organisations was returned and usable. The data were analysed using the Partial Least Squares approach. Based on the study, the availability of capital and entrepreneurial knowledge enhances SMEs' green entrepreneurship practices. This could be attributed to the importance of green entrepreneurship in Malaysia. The factors influencing green entrepreneurship were found to have variable effects on the practices. Since green entrepreneurial practices by SMEs in Malaysia were still in the nascent stage, it was recommended that relevant stakeholders should put in place measures meant to spur adoption and implementation by most entities, including SMEs. Furthermore, through its appropriate authorities, the government should enhance support for green product innovation, and the investors in green entrepreneurship should form a lobby to enable them to have strong negotiating grounds with other stakeholders.

PHILANTHROPY TRENDS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FOOD BANK: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores emerging trends and research patterns in the intersection of philanthropy, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and food banks through a bibliometric analysis. In recent years, CSR activities have increasingly incorporated philanthropic initiatives, particularly in addressing food insecurity through partnerships with food banks. However, a comprehensive understanding of scholarly output and thematic evolution in this domain remains limited. To address this gap, we analyzed literature indexed in the Scopus database, employing bibliometric techniques to map the development, key contributors, and intellectual structure of the field. Using VOSviewer software, we conducted co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence analyses to visualize research clusters and collaboration networks. The initial dataset comprised over 800 documents, which were refined to 763 records after data cleaning and normalization using OpenRefine. The findings show a significant rise in publications over the past decade, highlighting the growing academic and practical interest in the synergy between CSR and philanthropic food assistance. Prominent themes include sustainable development, corporate governance, stakeholder engagement, and social innovation. The analysis also identifies key authors, institutions, and countries driving research in this area. Despite growing attention, the field remains fragmented, indicating opportunities for deeper interdisciplinary collaboration and theoretical integration. This study adds to the literature by providing a systematic overview of the research field and proposing avenues for future inquiry. The findings can support academics, practitioners, and policymakers in understanding the evolving role of corporate philanthropy in food systems and developing strategies that align CSR goals with societal impact.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION OF APPAREL ON SOCIAL COMMERCE MEDIATED BY TRUST

Siti Nor Bayaah Ahmad, Debra Jacyntha Juprie — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the factors influencing consumers' online purchase intention of apparel on social commerce platforms, with a particular focus on the mediating role of trust. The research examines the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) on online purchase intention. Data was collected through an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, yielding 165 valid responses. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SmartPLS 4. The findings reveal that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly and positively influence trust in the social commerce environment. Trust, in turn, is shown to have a significant positive relationship with online purchase intention of apparel. Furthermore, the study confirms that trust mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness and online purchase intention, as well as the relationship between perceived ease of use and online purchase intention. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how trust functions as a crucial mediator in the decision-making process of consumers in social commerce, offering valuable implications for marketers and platform designers aiming to enhance online purchase intentions.

IMPLIKASI DOMINASI KOMUNITI ETNIK ROHINGYA DALAM PERNIAGAAN TERHADAP KESELAMATAN EKONOMI MALAYSIA

Hairunnisa Zakaria, Noraini Zulkifli — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Dominasi komuniti etnik Rohingya dalam sektor ekonomi tertentu, terutamanya melalui aktiviti perniagaan tidak formal menimbulkan pelbagai implikasi terhadap keselamatan ekonomi Malaysia. Golongan pelarian ini bukan setakat memperoleh pendapatan sebagai pemotong rumput, buruh kontrak dan pencari besi buruk. Peningkatan penglibatan mereka dalam pasaran tempatan bukan sahaja mencetuskan persaingan dengan peniaga tempatan tetapi juga menimbulkan kebimbangan berkaitan kestabilan ekonomi serta kawal selia perniagaan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan data diperoleh daripada sumber primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpul daripada Temu bual dan pemerhatian di kawasan terlibat. Data sekunder daripada sumber empirikal seperti disertasi, jurnal dan data dalam talian. Kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif, iaitu 1) mengkaji kesan keselamatan ekonomi akibat kebanjiran komuniti etnik Rohingya; 2) menganalisis langkah-langkah pengurusan dan keselamatan akibat dominasi pelarian Rohingya dalam ekonomi Malaysia; dan 3) menganalisis keberhasilan polisi yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan dalam mengurus keselamatan ekonomi akibat kebanjiran komuniti etnik Rohingya. Hasil kajian ini mendapati 1) dominasi komuniti etnik Rohingya dalam perniagaan menjejaskan ekonomi penduduk tempatan dan menggugat kestabilan ekonomi negara; 2) langkah pengurusan dan keselamatan akibat dominasi sektor ekonomi oleh komuniti etnik Rohingya tidak dilaksanakan secara efektif; dan 3) dasar kerajaan sedia ada dalam menguruskan keselamatan ekonomi tidak mencukupi serta tidak selaras antara kerajaan Persekutuan dan negeri. Kajian ini menyarankan supaya kerajaan memperkukuh dasar dan perundangn. Kerajaan juga perlu menguruskan data dan pendaftaran pelarian bagi memastikan keselamatan ekonomi Malaysia tidak terjejas dan kekal terjamin.

The dominance of the Rohingya ethnic community in certain economic sectors, especially through informal business activities, has various implications for Malaysia's economic security. These refugees not only earn their income as lawnmowers, contract labourers and scrap metal collectors. Their increased involvement in the local market not only creates competition with local traders but also raises concerns regarding economic stability and business regulation. This study uses a qualitative method with data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data is collected from interviews and observations in the fieldwork. Secondary data is derived from empirical sources, including dissertations, academic journals, and online data. This study has three objectives: 1) to examine the impact of economic security resulting from the influx of the Rohingya ethnic community; 2) to analyse the management and security measures related to the presence of Rohingya refugees in the Malaysian economy; and 3) to examine the effectiveness of government policies implemented to manage economic security in light of the influx of the Rohingya ethnic community. The findings of this study indicate that 1) the dominance of the Rohingya ethnic community in business impacts the local economy and poses risks to the overall economic stability of the country; 2) management and security measures related to the economic dominance of the Rohingya community are not being executed effectively; and 3) current government policies aimed at managing economic security are insufficient and lack consistency between federal and state levels. This analysis suggests that the government enhance its policies and legislative framework. The government must effectively oversee refugee data and registration to ensure Malaysia's economic security and ensure its continued stability.

ENHANCING FINANCIAL WELL-BEING THROUGH DIGITAL FINANCIAL LITERACY: ACCELERATING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SDGS

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This paper, which is conceptual in nature, discusses the moderating effects of the relationship between several factors that may affect the intention towards indebtedness among Malaysians. The proposed variables under examination are attitude towards indebtedness, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms, while digital financial literacy serves as a moderator variable. The issue of rising household debt in Malaysia, coupled with inadequate financial literacy in the digital era, highlights the urgency to understand behavioural determinants of indebtedness, particularly among younger generations who are more exposed to online financial products. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether digital financial literacy can weaken or strengthen the relationship between factors and the intention towards indebtedness. Methodologically, the study proposes a quantitative approach using simple random and stratified sampling, with Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) employed to test the relationships. If validated, the findings would provide valuable references for the regulators, practitioners, and other stakeholders in curbing the digital financial illiteracy in Malaysia, while contributing towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A BUSINESS TOOL: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW ON BRAND BUILDING AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT

Ernamurni Sudie, Noor Saidatul Natrah Saaidun, Syarifah Fairuz Syed Radzuan — Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The increasing integration of social media into business strategies has transformed how firms build brands and engage customers, prompting a surge in academic interest across multiple disciplines. Despite this growing body of literature, there remains a need for a structured overview of research trends, key contributors, and thematic developments in this area. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore the research landscape on social media as a business tool: building brands and engaging customers. Using the Scopus database, a refined search strategy was applied with the keywords social media, business, and firm, limited to English-language journal articles published between 2007 and 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 643 relevant journal article were identified for analysis. To examine the dataset, a combination of bibliometric tools which are Scopus Analyzer, OpenRefine, and VOSviewer was utilized to extract and visualize data on publication trends, influential articles, author collaboration networks, country productivity, and keyword co-occurrence. The results reveal that the United States leads in publication output, while high impact articles focus on firm-generated content, customer engagement, and business transformation. Popular keywords such as social media marketing, entrepreneurship, firm performance, and customer behavior indicate key research directions. VOSviewer’s mapping further highlights emerging themes like sustainability, innovation, and digital transformation. The study also uncovers notable international collaborations, with strong research linkages between developed and emerging economies. These findings provide valuable insights into the intellectual structure and evolution of the field, offering guidance for future research directions and highlighting the strategic role of social media in business performance.

ENHANCING QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM LESTARI LINK

Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The contemporary real estate sector is facing mounting challenges, including environmental degradation, high energy consumption, traffic congestion, and the growing demand for sustainable, efficient, and livable urban environments. Current trends reflect an increasing public preference for developments that are integrated with public transportation, smart technologies, and environmentally responsible design principles. In response to these evolving needs, the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept has emerged as a sustainable and innovative solution to guide future urban development. Lestari Link is a newly planned mixed-use development that integrates residential and commercial functions through an environmentally conscious and technologically advanced design. This project incorporates renewable energy sources and smart technologies to optimize resource consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and foster interconnected communities. Initiatives such as the provision of green infrastructure and sustainable transportation systems are introduced to promote healthier lifestyles while reducing dependence on private vehicles and fossil fuels. The implementation of this development seeks not only to address environmental concerns and resource inefficiencies but also to create cohesive and inclusive urban settings that support economic growth and community well-being. In the context of real estate marketability, TOD enhances property value and attractiveness by improving accessibility through well-connected road networks and efficient public transportation systems. Overall, this comprehensive approach demonstrates the potential of TOD-based developments to improve urban quality of life while contributing meaningfully to the long-term goals of sustainable urbanization.

THE IMPACT OF SAFETY CULTURE AND SAFETY LEADERSHIP TOWARDS SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING SMES: THE MODERATING ROLE OF CO-WORKERS

Iswana Ismayatim, Mohd Zaidi Mat Saat, Siti Noraini Tobi — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This conceptual paper explores the relationships between safety culture and safety leadership that contributed to safety performance in Malaysian manufacturing SMEs, emphasizing the moderating role of co-worker support. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, this study integrates existing literature to propose a conceptual framework. Safety culture, encompassing management commitment, safety communication, safety training, and safety rules and procedures, alongside safety leadership dimensions (safety caring, safety coaching, and safety controlling), significantly influences safety performance measured through compliance and participation. However, the moderating effect of co-worker support remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by developing a conceptual model that provides a foundation for future empirical studies. The implications for academia and industry are discussed, offering insights for enhancing workplace safety in SMEs.

CABARAN E-DAGANG DALAM KALANGAN USAHAWAN LUAR BANDAR DI NEGERI PERLIS

Suharne Ismail, Zati Hanani Ismail, Siti Fadhilah Ghazali, Naimah Abu Kasim — Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Perkembangan teknologi telah menghasilkan perdagangan elektronik atau E-dagang yang sangat popular pada masa kini. Apabila seluruh dunia dilanda COVID 19, e-dagang menjadi medium perantara yang sangat efisien menghubungkan antara penjual dan pengguna. Perniagaan ini tidak memerlukan transaksi secara bersemuka tetapi hanya menggunakan elemen teknologi sahaja. Kebanyakan usahawan masa kini lebih memfokuskan kepada e-dagang dalam perniagaan mereka kerana ia mempunyai potensi yang amat besar dalam membantu usahawan mendapat pendapatan yang tinggi. Pasaran sesuatu produk juga bukan sahaja tempatan tetapi juga hingga ke pasaran antarabangsa. Maka e-dagang menjadi pilihan usahawan masa kini terutama usahawan luar bandar dalam memasarkan produk barangan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, kebanyakan usahawan luar bandar akhirnya mengambil keputusan untuk tidak meneruskan perniagaan kerana berhadapan dengan pelbagai halangan dan masalah. Justeru itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti cabaran dan halangan yang dihadapi oleh usahawan luar bandar di Perlis semasa melaksanakan perniagaan dengan menggunakan e-dagang. Hasil daripada kajian mendapati cabaran utama ialah akses internet di kawasan luar bandar yang tidak memuaskan, perang harga dan risiko serangan siber yang menyukarkan usahawan luar bandar di Perlis menjalankan perniagaan mereka dengan lebih sempurna.

The advancement of technology has given rise to electronic commerce (e-commerce), which has become increasingly popular in recent times. During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-commerce emerged as a highly efficient intermediary medium connecting sellers and consumers. This business model does not require face-to-face transactions, relying solely on technological elements. Today, many entrepreneurs are focusing on e-commerce due to its significant potential in generating higher income. Moreover, product markets are no longer limited to local areas but have expanded internationally. As a result, e-commerce has become the preferred platform for many entrepreneurs, especially those in rural areas, to market their products. However, many rural entrepreneurs ultimately decide not to continue their business ventures due to various challenges and obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges faced by rural entrepreneurs in Perlis when engaging in e-commerce activities. The findings reveal that the main challenges include poor internet access in rural areas, intense price competition, and the risk of cyberattacks, all of which hinder rural entrepreneurs in Perlis from running their businesses effectively.

CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES AS MEDIATOR BETWEEN BIG FIVE PERSONALITIES AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF ASSISTANT MANAGERS IN SABAH OIL PALM PLANTATION COMPANIES: AN EMPIRICAL PAPER

Mathan Supramaniam, Toh Pei Sung2, Oscar Dousin — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines the mediating role of Critical Thinking Ability (CTA) in the relationship between the Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) and Job Performance of Assistant Managers in Sabah’s Oil Palm Plantation Companies. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected via questionnaires from 150 Assistant Managers across major companies, with analysis conducted through SPSS 26 (descriptive, correlational, and regression techniques). Key findings reveal that the Big Five traits collectively enhance job performance, with Conscientiousness and Openness driving task performance (e.g., planning, prioritization) and Contextual Performance (e.g., initiative, problem-solving). Neuroticism showed a negative association with performance, while Agreeableness had limited influence. CTA variation was significantly influenced by personality traits, particularly Openness and Conscientiousness, which fostered analytical reasoning and adaptability. Crucially, CTA partially mediated the personality-performance link, explaining a notable portion of the variance in job performance—highlighting its role in translating traits into workplace effectiveness, a novel contribution to sector-specific literature. Notably, while 83–84.5% of Assistant Managers demonstrated average Task Performance, only 3–6% scored highly, underscoring the need for targeted development. The study emphasizes generational dynamics (e.g., Gen X, Y, Z distinctions inferred from age-group data), suggesting tailored training to cultivate traits and CTA. Practical implications advocate for integrating personality assessments and critical thinking modules into leadership programs to address skill gaps and enhance sector resilience. This research bridges a theoretical gap, offering frameworks applicable to global agro-industrial sectors for optimizing managerial efficacy through Critical Thinking Ability and Personality trait-based development.

ANALYSING FACTORS IMPACTING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN E-HAILING SERVICES: A DART MODEL STUDY IN MALAYSIA

Mao-Seng Ting, Kok-Hooi Beh, Wi-Her Ooi, Cindy May-Wei Keng — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

People travel to various destinations using different modes of transportation, with taxis being among the most popular. In recent years, a new alternative known as e-hailing has emerged, offering innovative solutions to address the shortcomings of traditional taxi services. This study aims to examine the factors influencing customer satisfaction in e-hailing services using the DART model, which includes four components: Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, and Transparency. To achieve the study’s objectives, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed via Google Forms to individuals with prior e-hailing experience. A judgemental non-probability sampling method was used and 205 responses were received and analysed. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27, applying four main statistical techniques: factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. The findings offer practical insights for e-hailing providers to better understand which factors most significantly influence customer satisfaction. Aligning their services with the DART model can enhance customer trust, retention, and competitive advantage in today’s digital transport environment.

DRIVING SUSTAINABLE HOMESTAY PERFORMANCE THROUGH DRONE TECHNOLOGY AND TAKAFUL INTEGRATION

Nurul Liyana Ramlan, Ahmad Farouk Zulkifli, Purnomo M Antara, Asiah Ali — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The increasing frequency of natural disasters and the growing importance of ethical risk-sharing mechanisms have led to the emergence of innovative solutions in the tourism and insurance sectors. This study examines the integration of drone technology and takaful (Islamic insurance) in enhancing the performance and sustainability of homestay businesses in Malaysia. Drawing on qualitative data, including expert interviews and a disaster simulation exercise, this paper explores the potential of drones to improve post-disaster response, property inspections and marketing efficiency. Concurrently, it investigates how takaful supports homestay operators by offering Shariah-compliant risk mitigation. Findings highlight that the use of drones enhances claim accuracy and speeds up the compensation process, aligning with the maqasid al-shariah principle of community welfare. The research also identifies operational, financial and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In addition, the study applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technological, Organizational and Environmental (TOE) framework to examine the adoption of drone technology among homestay and takaful stakeholders. Therefore, this paper proposes strategic pathways for takaful operators and homestay businesses to collaborate, advancing ethical, technology-driven solutions for a resilient tourism sector.

EXPLORING SEVEN DECADES OF TAX EVASION RESEARCH: A GLOBAL BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING

Rosnazida Razali, Ida Suriya Ismail, Nadiah Abd Hamid — Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric mapping of tax evasion research spanning seven decades, addressing the need to understand the evolving intellectual structure and global scholarly contributions within this critical field. Despite extensive research, the field lacks a consolidated overview of key authors, influential countries, and collaborative networks, which limits the strategic direction for future studies and policy development. Employing bibliometric techniques, this study analyzed 916 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the Scopus database, with data cleaning and standardization performed using OpenRefine, and visualized through VOSviewer software to map co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation patterns. The results reveal that seminal authors such as Robert W Mac Ghee, Friedrich Schneider, and James Alm have been pivotal in shaping the discourse, while the United States, Italy, and Germany dominate in terms of publication volume and citation impact. Emerging economies, such as Malaysia, China, and South Africa, demonstrate a growing research presence but exhibit limited intra-regional collaboration, as evidenced by co-authorship network analyses. Keyword trends indicate a gradual shift from traditional tax evasion themes to more nuanced areas, including behavioral determinants and policy responses. The findings highlight a significant Western-centric research dominance yet emphasize the increasing importance of developing countries in contributing diverse perspectives. This bibliometric mapping provides valuable insights for academics and policymakers aiming to foster more inclusive and contextually relevant tax evasion research, ultimately supporting more effective tax compliance strategies worldwide.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN MALAYSIA: HISTORICAL EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Siti Maslina Hamzah, Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff — Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The cooperative movement in Malaysia has played a vital role in supporting socioeconomic development, poverty alleviation, and community empowerment since its inception during the colonial era. From its early focus on credit societies, cooperatives have expanded into agriculture, retail, housing, and services, aligning with national economic policies and reforms after independence. This paper aims to conceptually examine the historical development, current challenges, and future prospects of cooperatives in Malaysia. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), recent studies were synthesized to explore issues such as governance, innovation, sustainability, and alignment with Malaysia’s Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. Findings indicate that while cooperatives remain essential for inclusive growth, they face persistent gaps in governance, financial literacy, entrepreneurial orientation, and digital readiness. The paper contributes by providing a critical review of cooperative development in Malaysia and offering recommendations for policy, practice, and further research.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, E-MARKETPLACE UTILIZATION, AND SME PERFORMANCE IN TANZANIA: A MEDIATION MODERATION ANALYSIS

Felister Nkwimba Mayunga, Lau Lin Sea, Vikniswari Vija Kumaran — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of the digital economy, highlighting the critical role of e-marketplaces in enhancing the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to examine the influence of government support and the use of e-marketplaces on SMEs’ performance in Tanzania. Specifically, it investigates the mediating role of e-marketplace usage in the relationship between government support and SMEs’ performance, as well as the moderating effect of government support on the relationship between e-marketplace usage and SMEs’ performance. Grounded in the resource-based theory (RBV), this study collected primary data from 654 SME owners, CEOs, and managers in Tanzania using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that government support has a significant positive influence on SMEs use of e-marketplaces (H3 supported, β=0.204, p=0.000). Moreover, the use of e-marketplaces strongly mediates the relationship between government support and SMEs’ performance (H4 supported, β=0.077, p=0.000). However, the study found no significant moderating effect of government support on the relationship between e-marketplace usage and SMEs’ performance (H5 not supported, β=0.034, p=0.333). This study provides important policy implications, suggesting that government efforts should focus on enhancing digital infrastructure, capacity building, and supportive policies to encourage greater adoption of e-marketplaces and foster SMEs’ growth within the digital economy.

DEMOGRAPHIC INSIGHTS INTO FINANCIAL LITERACY: EVIDENCE FROM ASNAF YOUTH IN PERLIS, MALAYSIA

Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study investigates the determinants of financial literacy among Asnaf youth in Perlis, Malaysia. Utilizing Tobit regression analysis on a sample of 100 respondents, the research examines how socio-demographic variables—namely gender, age, education background, employment status, and marital status—affect financial literacy levels. The findings reveal that gender, age, and marital status are positively and significantly associated with financial literacy, while education background and employment status show negative significant effects. These results are interpreted through the lens of Human Capital Theory and supported by elements of Shariah Governance, suggesting that individual attributes and life contexts contribute to knowledge acquisition and financial decision-making. This research not only enriches the literature on financial literacy among disadvantaged groups but also provides practical implications for the Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Perlis (MAIPs) in designing tailored financial empowerment programs. Limitations include the study’s geographic concentration and sample size. Future research should consider broader samples, fintech applications, and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to further empower the Asnaf community in Perlis and beyond.

THE EFFECT OF BANK-SPECIFIC FACTORS ON ISLAMIC BANKS' STABILITY

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The inconsistency in Islamic banking stability in Bangladesh is due to several challenges, including bank-specific factors. This study investigates the impact of bank-specific factors on the stability of Islamic banks in Bangladesh from 2012 to 2023. By analyzing key financial ratios and indicators, the research identifies critical determinants of stability in the context of Islamic banking. The study employs a panel dataset from seven Islamic banks, utilizing Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) to address cross-sectional dependence and heteroscedasticity. Key findings reveal that asset quality is the most significant factor influencing bank stability, highlighting the importance of maintaining a strong loan portfolio. Income diversification also plays a crucial role in mitigating risks by reducing reliance on a single source of income. Conversely, poor managerial efficiency and liquidity risk were found to have a negative impact on stability. While capital adequacy is typically associated with stability, the study suggests that excessively high capital reserves may lead to inefficiencies, reducing overall stability. Interestingly, the study finds that Sharia-compliant contracts (ISCON) do not significantly impact stability. These findings reaffirm the multi-dimensional character of bank stability, with efficient management, superior asset quality, diversification of income structure, and wise liquidity strategy being key. The study has identified valuable areas that can enhance the resilience of Islamic banks, focusing on specific areas that will yield future regulatory and operational benefits in the industry.

FACTORS INFLUENCING GEN Z'S PERCEPTION TOWARD PUBLIC FIGURES: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT, AUTHENTICITY, SOCIO-POLITICAL STANCE, AND CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT

Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This conceptual paper explores the factors shaping Generation Z's perceptions of public figures, with a particular focus on social media engagement, authenticity, socio-political stances, and celebrity endorsements. As a generation raised in a digital environment, Gen Z connects with public figures mostly through social media platforms, where both curated content and real-time interactions influence how they form opinions and emotional bonds. The paper looks closely at authenticity, suggesting that when public figures are transparent, relatable, and willing to show vulnerability, they are more likely to gain Gen Z's trust and admiration. It also considers how socio-political stances taken by public figures can influence their perception, especially when those stances reflect values that matter deeply to Gen Z, such as climate change, social justice, and equality. Celebrity endorsements are examined as well, not only in terms of promotional impact but also in relation to how well they align with the public figure's personal brand and the social relevance of the endorsed message. When this alignment is strong, credibility tends to be enhanced, while a lack of alignment may lead to scepticism or reduced influence. By bringing together insights from existing literature and theoretical frameworks, this study offers a thoughtful and nuanced understanding of how these variables interact and what they mean for public figures, brands, and social influence strategies that aim to resonate with this socially aware and digitally fluent generation.

REVISIT INTENTION AT INDIAN MUSLIM (MAMAK) RESTAURANTS IN MALAYSIA: A PROPOSED STUDY USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Sahrudin Sahat, Maliza Delima Kamarul Zaman — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The Indian Muslim (Mamak) restaurant industry is a vital part of Malaysia’s multicultural food landscape, offering accessible dining and functioning as cultural and social hubs. Despite their popularity, limited research exists on the factors influencing customers’ intention to revisit these establishments. This study aims to address that gap by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) alongside foodservice-specific variables to explore the determinants of revisit intention to Mamak restaurants in Malaysia. The objectives are to examine key factors influencing revisit intention, identify the most significant variable(s), and determine whether customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between independent variables and revisit intention. Variables under investigation include food quality, perceived price, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), product variety, restaurant atmosphere, and customer satisfaction. These will be aligned with the TPB components: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The study will use a quantitative research approach, collecting data via structured questionnaires from customers in three Malaysian regions: Northern (Kedah and Penang), Central (Klang Valley and Negeri Sembilan), and Southern (Johor). Findings are expected to enhance the theoretical scope of TPB by incorporating culturally relevant variables within the ethnic restaurant context. Furthermore, the study aims to provide practical insights into customer retention strategies, service quality improvement, and a deeper understanding of consumer behavior in Malaysia’s Mamak restaurant scene.

MAPPING THE EVOLUTION OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN ISLAMIC FINANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Badrul Hisham Abd Rahman, Wan Azani Mustafa, Abd Ghafur Hanafi, Nor Izham Subri — Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The rapid advancement of financial technology (fintech) has significantly influenced the landscape of Islamic finance, prompting scholars to examine its evolution and impact across diverse regions and domains. However, despite a growing body of research, a comprehensive bibliometric overview of the intersection of fintech and Islamic finance remains limited. This study aims to fill that gap by mapping the development, trends, and research patterns within this emerging field. Using the keywords “Islamic bank” and “financial technology,” a structured search was conducted in the Scopus database, resulting in a final dataset of 328 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 to May 2025. To ensure accuracy and relevance, data were refined using OpenRefine software and analyzed through the Scopus analyzer and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20). The methodology focused on examining publication trends, influential journals, leading authors, most cited articles, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The findings reveal a marked increase in research output post-2017, with Malaysia and Indonesia emerging as key contributors. Prominent themes include technology adoption, mobile banking, and blockchain in the Shariah-compliant financial context. Co-authorship and co-citation analyses further highlight the development of academic collaborations and core research clusters. The visualization of keyword networks via VOSviewer also uncovered thematic concentrations around digital transformation, financial inclusion, and Islamic fintech innovation. This study not only offers insights into the intellectual structure of the field but also identifies research gaps and potential areas for future exploration. In conclusion, the bibliometric evidence underscores the accelerating interest in Islamic fintech and affirms its growing significance in shaping the future of ethical, inclusive, and technology-driven financial ecosystems.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FIRM PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Corporate entrepreneurship has attracted researchers and executives for its effectiveness in gaining competitive advantage, revitalizing, and improving firms’ performance. However, empirical study investigating the role of strategic entrepreneurship as an intermediary mechanism on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance is yet to be fully explored. Therefore, this study examines the mediating role of strategic entrepreneurship on the link between corporate entrepreneurship dimensions and performance of Small and Medum Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria in the South-West geopolitical zone. The study is grounded on three integrated theories, namely, resource-based view, dynamic capabilities theory, and knowledge-based theory. Stratified, proportionate, and simple random technique was used to gather data from a sample of 445 owner managers/chief executive officers (CEOs) of Nigerian SMEs through a structured questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) SmartPLS 4 software was employed as analytical technique. The findings reveal that all the corporate entrepreneurship dimensions (innovation, corporate venturing, and strategic renewal) have direct positive and significant effect on firm performance of SMEs. More importantly, strategic entrepreneurship partially mediates in the relationship between the dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance. This study offers valuable insights to owner managers/CEOs of SMEs to timely align their entrepreneurial initiatives by exploring new opportunities in order to achieve competitive edge in the ever-evolving business landscape and superior performance. Furthermore, the study implications, limitations and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS: A STUDY OF MALAYSIAN SMES ENTREPRENEURS

Azizan Abdullah — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The entrepreneurship ecosystem is a collaborative network that involves dynamic interaction systems and subsystems that support and sustain entrepreneurial activity within a specific region or environment. It is important to understand the roles of ecosystems influencing entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the entrepreneurship ecosystems among Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and proposing a conceptual model. This study employed self-administered questionnaire distributed to Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs to gain a general perception of entrepreneurship ecosystem. The finding indicates three (3) elements of ecosystem significantly influencing entrepreneurial activity that includes training and education, culture and human capital. As such it is reflected the importance to reinforce the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems as supporting elements of entrepreneurship activity. However, two (2) elements namely as funding and government support are non-significant. The findings provided a valuable input for researchers, practitioners, higher education of institution and related governments agencies to develop plan of action or identify suitable program for entrepreneurship development.

CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND PRODUCT BIAS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK INTEGRATING SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND DIGITAL MEDIA INFLUENCES

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

In the age of globalization and digital connectivity, consumers are increasingly exposed to both domestic and foreign products, making product evaluations complex and shaped by more than price and quality. One important behavioral pattern is product bias, where consumers favour or reject products based on country of origin rather than objective attributes. This concept paper explores the influence of socio-psychological factors (such as national pride, cultural attachment, and perceived threats to local identity or economy), demographic variables (age, gender, education and income), and digital media influence (social media usage, influencer content) on product bias. Previous research has considered these factors in isolation, this study integrates them into a single conceptual framework, highlighting their combined effect on consumer ethnocentrism and product bias. The paper contributes theoretically by advancing an integrated perspective on identity, social influence, and digital exposure, while also offering practical implications for marketers and policymakers in industries where cultural perceptions strongly affect purchase decisions. Future research directions are suggested, particularly cross-cultural and generational studies, to explore the evolving impact of digital ecosystems on identity-driven consumer behaviour.

BUILDING TRUST THROUGH TRANSPARENCY: NAVIGATING THE FUTURE OF AI-GENERATED MARKETING CONTENT

Fauziah Mohamad Yunus, Nurliyana Abas, Azlin Azman — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Dynamic nature of digital marketing has increased brand interaction with consumers through use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool. Nevertheless, as the use of AI-generated content has risen, there has been concern around whether consumers would trust such information, particularly in regard to transparency, the quality content, and the ethical responsibility of the consumer. Despite AI being easy and personal, it will raise suspicion when consumers are not sure of how the content has been developed. This conceptual paper proposes to develop a theoretical framework that can explain the interrelationship between AI transparency, contents quality and ethical factors, including fairness, bias and privacy to identify consumer trust in marketing communication. The study shows that there may be three dominant factors that motivate trust: avoidance of excessive disclosure of contributions, maximisation of quality of information disclosed, relevant and perceived quality of AI-generated content, and ethics protecting consumer interest. Results indicate that disclosure can lead to higher trust; however, a degree of too much or more technical information can overwhelm consumers. Equally, the value of content, in particular to the feeling importance and relevance thereof, is a main determinant of favourable disposition whereas moral factor is an imperative of hedging against sustainable trust. The paper makes an impact on the practical initiative that guided by marketers as it suggests consumer-oriented AI disclosure, excellent content plans, and ethical proactive phases of governance. In theory, it integrates the signalling theory, elaboration likelihood, and AI ethics into a multi-level framework of trust development. Although limited by the purely conceptual material, the framework will have an empirical foundation drawn across industry and cultures and will create awareness that the proper use of AI must be transparent, quality, and ethically upright in order to create consumer confidence, rather than to question it.

THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL TRANSPARENCY ON CONSUMER TRUST IN AI-DRIVEN MARKETING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Nawal Esa Yazid Esa, Azura Abdul Rahman, Nurul Afiqah Ahmad — Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

UNPACKING THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON BANK EFFICIENCY: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS OF THE ASEAN 5+1 BANKING SECTORS

Nabilah Abdul Shukur, Fadzlan Sufian — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The impact of financial inclusion on the well-being of economic development and the stability of the financial system has been widely documented in previous literature. However, the empirical evidence of the financial inclusion effect on bank efficiency remains unclear. It seems surprising because when a country is financially exclusive, it can dampen economic growth, thus inhibiting inclusion, especially for the unbanked population in ASEAN 5+1 countries. This paper investigates the relationship between financial inclusion and bank efficiency within the ASEAN 5+1 banking sectors, focusing on the country’s income levels. For this purpose, a dataset of 1,500 observations spanning from 2013 to 2021 was used. We utilize Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions to analyse the relationship between financial inclusion indicators and bank efficiency. Our empirical findings reveal that the pattern varies across countries with different income levels. This study suggests that financial inclusion in high- and middle-income countries positively affects bank efficiency, while in low-income countries, it unfavourably influences bank efficiency. This implies the need to draw attention to the side effects of bank inefficiency on increasing financial inclusion and achieving inclusion goals.