INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT PRACTISES (IJEMP)

THE MINDSET-6 FRAMEWORK: A CURRICULUM BLUEPRINT FOR CULTIVATING INDUSTRY 6.0-READY ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSETS IN MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES

2026-03-02T10:49:56+08:00

Malaysia continues to grapple with a persistent misalignment between graduate capabilities and the rapidly evolving demands of the workforce, particularly in entrepreneurial readiness and digital adaptability. Although the Ministry of Higher Education reports graduate employability rates above 80%, many employers remain concerned about graduates’ limited creativity, risk appetite, and technological fluency. This paradox reveals a deeper structural issue: higher education institutions are producing academically competent yet entrepreneurially hesitant graduates. This critical review synthesizes empirical and conceptual studies published between 2019 and 2025 to identify key enablers, pedagogical innovations, and policy implications for cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset among Malaysian undergraduates. Findings suggest that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and ecosystem support are dominant predictors of entrepreneurial intention, while experiential, digital, and sustainability-oriented pedagogies strengthen mindset development. However, significant gaps persist, particularly in translating entrepreneurial intention into behaviour, integrating AI and data literacy, and embedding sustainability ethics into curricula. To address these limitations, this paper introduces the MINDSET-6 Framework, a curriculum blueprint encompassing Mindfulness and Ethics, Interdisciplinary AI and Data, Networked Learning, Design and Making, Sustainability, Entrepreneurial Finance, and Transversal 4Cs competencies. The framework positions entrepreneurship education not as a business module but as a transformative, human-centred process aligned with Malaysia’s transition toward a sustainable and digital Industry 6.0 economy.

IMPACT OF SPIN-OFF RESTRUCTURING TOWARDS EMPLOYEES’ BEHAVIOUR AND ATTITUDES

2026-03-26T16:52:53+08:00

Spin-off restructuring has become a prominent corporate strategy as multinational corporations pursue enhanced strategic focus, improved operational agility, and optimised shareholder value. However, despite the extensive financial literature examining market reactions and firm-level outcomes of spin-offs, comparatively limited attention has been devoted to their Human Resource (HR) implications, particularly employees’ behavioural, psychological, and attitudinal responses. This study addresses this gap by investigating how spin-off restructuring influences employee behaviour and attitudes within the context of the corporate separation of a large United States (US) based multinational industrial corporation that focuses on employees based in Malaysia. Adopting a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study draws upon semi-structured interviews with employees based in Malaysia who directly experienced the spin-off transition. The research explores employees’ interpretations of the restructuring rationale, their sensemaking processes during periods of uncertainty, and the evolution of motivation and organisational identity before and after separation. Notably, thematic analysis reveals that, while employees generally understood and accepted the strategic justification for the spin-off, the restructuring generated multidimensional uncertainty encompassing job security, career continuity, and identity stability. Leadership communication, perceived transparency, alignment with organisational purpose, and intrinsic motivation emerged as critical moderating variables in shaping employee adaptation. The study contributes to Human Resource Management (HRM) scholarship by conceptualising spin-off restructuring as a separation-based form of organisational change that challenges identity continuity and psychological contracts. Additionally, it underscores the importance of human-centred leadership, sustained communication strategies, and identity-sensitive HR interventions in preserving engagement during corporate separation.

REVISITING GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH MEDIATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL: A RESEARCH DIRECTION

2026-04-05T10:44:45+08:00

Green supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as a crucial strategic approach for manufacturing companies to achieve sustainable performance as environmental regulations become more stringent and stakeholder expectations rise. Despite its growing adoption, the relational mechanisms that enable GSCM practices to effectively translate into measurable sustainability outcomes remain insufficiently explored. By proposing social capital with structural, relational, and cognitive components as a mediating mechanism, this paper re-examines the relationship between GSCM and sustainable performance. This study creates a thorough conceptual framework that demonstrates how embedded social relationships within supply chain networks strengthen green supply chain practices through underpinning theories of Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Social Capital Theory (SCT). These social interactions facilitate knowledge sharing, trust, and collective commitment, which in turn enhance economic, environmental, and social performance outcomes. To empirically validate the proposed model, this study adopts a quantitative research design targeting firms in the Electrical and Electronics (E&E) manufacturing sector. The paper contributes to the literature by extending the understanding of GSCM from a predominantly techno-operational perspective to a socio-operational perspective, highlighting the importance of social capital in strengthening the effectiveness of green supply chain initiatives. The findings are expected to provide valuable managerial insights for fostering trust, shared vision, and collaborative networks to support sustainable supply chain transformation.

INNOVATOR’S RACE: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF A GAMIFIED BOARD GAME ON ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2026-03-03T11:25:04+08:00

Teaching Technology Entrepreneurship and New Product Development (NPD) to engineering students is challenging due to the abstract, multidisciplinary, and process-oriented nature of the subject, which often limits engagement and meaningful learning in lecture-based delivery. This study examines the impact of Innovator’s Race, a gamified board game developed as a teaching and learning innovation for ENT600 (Technology Entrepreneurship), designed to simulate the end-to-end entrepreneurship and NPD process in an interactive and learner-centred format. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 60 engineering students through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses were conducted using SPSS, followed by PLS-SEM to test a mechanism-based learning framework. The results show that gamified board game–based learning significantly enhances student engagement, conceptual understanding, entrepreneurial skill development, and learning motivation and confidence. However, mediation analysis indicates an indirect-only effect, whereby the impact of the gamified intervention on overall learning impact is transmitted exclusively through learning motivation and confidence rather than through direct instructional effects. The findings extend experiential learning research by demonstrating that gamified entrepreneurship education influences learning impact primarily through affective mechanisms. This study advances teaching and learning innovation by uncovering the central mediating role of students’ motivation and confidence in shaping engineering students’ entrepreneurship learning impact.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND KEY FACTORS ON SMES’ FINTECH ADOPTION INTENTION

2026-03-30T14:02:05+08:00

The key focus of this study was to examine the impact of financial literacy as a moderating variable between perceived relative advantage and intention to adopt Fintech. In addition, the study investigated other key drivers of Fintech adoption, including perceived organizational readiness, perceived competitive pressure, perceived security, and facilitating conditions, and their influence on SMEs’ behavioural intention to adopt Fintech. A quantitative research design was employed under a positivist paradigm. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire based on a five‑point Likert scale. The unit of analysis comprised SME owners and senior managers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Using a purposive non‑probability sampling method, a total of 189 valid responses were obtained, which is considered adequate for structural equation modeling. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM, which is particularly suitable for complex models and medium sample sizes. The questionnaire consisted of seven constructs: perceived organizational readiness, perceived relative advantage, perceived competitive pressure, perceived security, facilitating conditions, financial literacy, and behavioural intention to adopt Fintech. The results revealed that perceived organizational readiness, perceived relative advantage, perceived competitive pressure, and perceived security had a positive influence on intention to adopt Fintech. However, facilitating conditions showed no significant effect. Furthermore, financial literacy did not moderate the relationship between perceived relative advantage and behavioural intention to adopt Fintech. Most respondents had at least two years of experience in operating SMEs, which enabled them to evaluate cost–benefit advantages without relying heavily on prior financial knowledge. The findings suggest that while financial literacy is important, its moderating role may be limited in contexts where SME decision‑makers already possess practical business experience. This outcome highlights the need for future research to explore alternative moderating variables, such as government support or perceived regulatory backing, to better understand Fintech adoption dynamics among SMEs.

FORMULATING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SERVICE LEADERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FIVE-STAR HOTELS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2026-04-29T12:31:49+08:00

The hospitality industry, particularly the five-star hotel sector, operates in a highly demanding environment that requires efficiency, sustainability and continuous innovation. Within this context, the Engineering Department plays a critical role in ensuring operational continuity through the management of technical systems, maintenance and resource optimisation. However, leadership in this department has traditionally been dominated by technical and operational orientations, with limited emphasis on service-oriented leadership. This study aims to conceptualise Engineering Department Service Leadership and examine its role in supporting sustainability and entrepreneurial practices in five-star hotels. A qualitative approach using Basic Qualitative Inquiry was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five participants, comprising Engineering Managers and Hotel Managers. The data were analysed using manual coding and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that although technical leadership remains dominant, service leadership elements—such as employee support, effective communication and empowerment—play a crucial role in enhancing sustainability initiatives and operational innovation. This study contributes to the development of a conceptual understanding of service-oriented leadership within hotel engineering departments and provides a foundation for a more holistic leadership model aligned with sustainability and entrepreneurial goals in the luxury hospitality sector.

RESEARCH FRONTIERS AND TRENDS IN YOUTH EMPOWERMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM YEAR 2015-2025

2026-02-22T14:44:11+08:00

Youth empowerment is widely discussed across health, education, community development, and policy research. However, rapid growth and varied terminology make it difficult to obtain an integrated picture of how the field has progressed and where contemporary research efforts are focused. This bibliometric analysis maps publication trends, influential articles, leading countries, major keywords, and international collaboration patterns in the Scopus-indexed literature on empowerment among youth. Using Scopus's advanced search, 1,041 records were retrieved. Data was cleaned and harmonized in OpenRefine to improve consistency of metadata (e.g., author keywords and country names). Scopus Analyzer was used to generate descriptive statistics and trend graphs, while VOSviewer was applied to visualize keyword co-occurrence as well as country co-authorship networks. The results demonstrate a substantial rise in annual publication output, rising from 29 publications in 2015 to 109 publications in 2025, with more rapid expansion after 2020. The top 10 most cited articles (published between 2015 and 2020) received between 71 and 95 citations, suggesting that a small set of applied and methodologically robust studies attracts substantial attention. The United States is on top with 274 publications, followed by the United Kingdom with 75 and Australia with 47, with some Asian and African countries also making significant contributions. The output of the country is concentrated in a few research centers. A total of 1,356 distinct keywords were generated through the process of keyword mapping. A threshold of five instances was used for 102 retained terms, with the centrally placed terms “empowerment,” “adolescent,” and “youth” associated with topics or challenges such as economic empowerment, mental health, and participatory modalities. At the same time, the co-authorship research revealed 103 countries, and 43 of them fulfilled the minimum-document condition, and the United States was a significant center of cooperation (Total Link Strength = 132). Overall, the findings contribute to more efficient agenda-setting.

REWARD AND RECOGNITION’S MODERATING EFFECT ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND WORKERS’ INCLINATION TO STAY WITH MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS

2026-03-17T13:46:01+08:00

This research examines the influence of leadership styles on employees’ intention to stay in Malaysian manufacturing firms, highlighting the moderating effect of reward and recognition. The study aims to determine if rewards enhance these connections and how transformational and transactional leadership styles influence retention. Employees of multinational companies (MNCs) in the electrical and electronics (E&E) manufacturing sector in Penang and Kedah were administered structured questionnaires as part of a quantitative methodology.SPSS was employed to analyse the statistics of 132 individuals and to evaluate hypotheses utilising regression analysis and moderation techniques. The findings indicate that workers’ propensity to remain is considerably and positively influenced by both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Nonetheless, this association appeared unaffected by reward or acknowledgement. These data indicate that although excellent leadership techniques promote retention, the impact may not be enhanced just by incentives. The study’s findings have practical significance for human resource strategy, namely in adjusting leadership methods to improve staff retention. This research examines the dynamics of Malaysia’s electronics and electrical manufacturing business, providing insights pertinent to organisational success in capital-intensive industries.

EXPLORING DETERMINANTS OF FINTECH ADOPTION IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESHI SMES

2026-04-01T18:18:36+08:00

This study examines the factors influencing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh to adopt financial technology (FinTech). The structural model was guided by the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The determinants included organizational readiness, relative advantage, competitive pressure, perceived security, and facilitating conditions. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 189 SMEs in Dhaka. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyse the responses. Organizational readiness, relative advantage, competitive pressure, and perceived security showed significant positive effects on adoption intention. Facilitating conditions were nonsignificant. The findings highlight the readiness of Bangladeshi SMEs to embrace FinTech. They recognize its advantages, respond to market dynamics, and prioritize security. Policymakers and service providers should strengthen organizational capacity, improve digital security frameworks, and emphasize competitive advantages. These actions can foster broader FinTech adoption and drive SME-led economic growth.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG HOTEL EMPLOYEES: THE ROLE OF PERSON-ORGANISATION FIT

2026-03-03T10:59:52+08:00

Considering the negative consequences coming from employee turnover in the hospitality sector, a mediated model was suggested by this research that aimed to decrease turnover intention. Specifically, person-organization fit is advanced as a key mechanism through which human resource management practices may contribute to reducing employees’ intention to leave. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are threefold. The first objective is to evaluate the direct effect HRM practices have on staff turnover intention. Secondly, to examine the direct effect of HRM practices on person-organization fit. Finally, to evaluate the indirect effect of human resource management practices on turnover intention through person-organization fit. A questionnaire form was designed for Data collection and was distributed to a number of staff of three to five-star hotels in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah as a sample. Three hundred forms were distributed, and 214 were returned. Data analysis for this research was done by employing that showed considerable adverse impacts of compensation and career development on turnover intention. Moreover, compensation and career development significantly positively affects person-organization fit. Lastly, person-organization fit is mediating the connection between compensation and career development and turnover intention. The research suggests enhancement of compensation and career development because of its important impact on both person-environment fit and turnover intention.

THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION (SEI) AMONG GEN-Z IN MALAYSIA

2026-03-30T13:28:35+08:00

Social entrepreneurship has garnered heightened attention as a sustainable approach to tackling social and economic issues; yet engagement among youth remains comparatively low, especially in developing economies. This research investigates the factors influencing Social Entrepreneurial Intention (SEI) among Generation Z in Malaysia through an augmented TPB framework. The study specifically examines the impact of Attitude Toward Social Entrepreneurship (ATSE), Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC), Social Innovation Orientation (SIO), Knowledge of Social Entrepreneurship (KSE), and Educational Support (ES) on Social Entrepreneurship Intention (SEI). A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was utilized, and data were gathered from 310 Malaysian Generation Z participants through a standardized questionnaire. The data were analysed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate that Educational Support exerts the most substantial positive and statistically significant influence on SEI (β = 0.624, t = 8.085, p < 0.001), succeeded by Perceived Behavioural Control (β = 0.233, t = 3.686, p < 0.001) and Subjective Norms (β = 0.165, t = 2.678, p = 0.007). Conversely, ATSE (β = 0.040, p = 0.524), KSE (β = −0.012, p = 0.848), and SIO (β = −0.113, p = 0.070) do not demonstrate significant direct associations with SEI. The findings offer partial validation of the expanded Theory of Planned Behaviour paradigm and underscore the significant impact of institutional support, perceived capability, and social influence on the social entrepreneurial intentions of Generation Z. The study provides significant theoretical insights and practical consequences for educators and governments seeking to promote social entrepreneurship among youngsters.

PURPOSE OVER PRESSURE: RETHINKING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AND MENTAL HEALTH THROUGH IKIGAI

2026-04-15T12:11:13+08:00

Entrepreneurial discourse has traditionally been dominated by performance-driven metrics such as profit, growth, and scalability, often at the expense of entrepreneurs’ psychological health and sense of purpose. While research on entrepreneurial well-being has gained traction, there remains a lack of integrative frameworks that explicitly connect personal fulfilment with sustainable entrepreneurial success. This conceptual paper addresses this gap by proposing the Japanese philosophy of Ikigai as a theoretical lens for rethinking entrepreneurial motivation and outcomes. Drawing on positive psychology, Eastern philosophy, and entrepreneurship studies, the paper advances a model that situates entrepreneurial success at the intersection of passion, competence, social contribution, and financial viability. By reframing success through Ikigai, the paper contributes to the discourse on entrepreneurial resilience and well-being, offering a holistic pathway toward sustainable and human-centred entrepreneurship.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG OPERATIONAL-LEVEL EMPLOYEES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM DHAKA, BANGLADESH

2026-03-17T13:15:59+08:00

This research investigates the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and job satisfaction among operational employees in the garment industry of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, the study examines how supportive HRM practices foster positive employee attitudes and enhance job satisfaction. The HRM practices examined include training and development, employee involvement and participation, and performance appraisal. Considering the garment industry’s crucial role in Bangladesh’s economy, understanding the impact of these practices on employee satisfaction is vital for boosting workforce efficiency and organizational performance. A quantitative research design was adopted, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 384 employees selected through simple random sampling. The findings reveal that employee involvement and participation (β = 0.377, p < 0.001) is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction, followed by performance appraisal (β = 0.160, p = 0.001). In contrast, training and development (β = −0.135, p = 0.003) shows a small but significant negative association, suggesting that current training programs may not fully align with employee expectations or perceived usefulness. These results underscore the importance of participatory management and equitable performance evaluation systems in promoting employee satisfaction and commitment. The study contributes to HRM literature in emerging economies by identifying participatory management and fair performance appraisal practices as the most influential predictors of job satisfaction among operational garment workers, providing actionable insights for HR managers and policymakers to enhance employee involvement and organizational performance.

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ADVERTISING CREATIVITY DIMENSIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SALES PERFORMANCE AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY

2026-04-01T17:48:22+08:00

In the fast-paced fashion industry, a great advertisement must do more than just turn heads, it has to move the needle on sales and build lasting customer relationships. While the importance of creativity is well-recognized, there is still a missing link in understanding how originality, visual style, emotion, and clarity work together to impact a company’s bottom line. This study bridges that gap by developing a framework that treats creative advertising as a powerful spark for consumer connection. By blending the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model with Brand Equity Theory, the research shows how specific creative triggers shift a consumer’s mindset. When the right mix of aesthetic and emotional elements hits home, it builds the kind of brand equity that translates into higher purchase rates and genuine brand loyalty. Beyond the theory, this framework serves as a practical blueprint for marketers. It helps teams balance the "art" of a campaign with the "message," ensuring every creative choice serves a strategic business goal. By connecting creative stimuli directly to firm-level outcomes, the study invites future exploration into how these pillars hold up across the ever-evolving digital and traditional media landscapes.

LINKING BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND DIGITAL MARKETING TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN LOCAL CAFES IN MALAYSIA

2026-03-03T10:39:06+08:00

The cafe industry in Malaysia has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and the increasing popularity of coffee culture. However, these cafes face intense competition from international brands and market saturation, signals the imperativeness in identifying effective strategies for sustainable competitiveness. This concept paper examines the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantage among local cafes in Malaysia, with a focus on the moderating role of digital marketing. Drawing on Porter’s Generic Strategies cost leadership, differentiation, and focus and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, this concept paper proposes that digital marketing strengthens the impact of strategic choices on competitive advantage. Cost leadership allows cafes to attract price-sensitive customers through efficiency, while differentiation emphasizes unique offerings and brand identity, and targets niche markets with tailored experiences. Digital marketing, encompassing social media, e-commerce, and online customer engagement, enhances these strategies by improving visibility, customer relationships, and market adaptability. It enables cafés to sense opportunities, respond swiftly to consumer trends, and reconfigure resources to sustain performance. The proposed framework highlights that digital marketing is a strategic enabler that amplifies the effectiveness of business strategies. This study contributes to the literature review by understanding how local cafes can leverage strategic and digital capabilities to build lasting competitive advantages in an increasingly digitalized and competitive environment. Future empirical research is recommended to validate the proposed model and guide local cafe owners in developing integrated strategic and digital approaches for long-term success.

THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF URBAN YOUTH IN CHINA: A CONCEPTUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION MEDIATION FRAMEWORK

2026-03-30T10:51:22+08:00

Urban entrepreneurship in China has been a key driver of economic transformation, social innovation, and job sustainability, particularly among youth people. However, despite the existence of various pro-entrepreneurship policies and a thriving innovation ecosystem, the actual rate of intention and engagement of urban youth in entrepreneurial activities is still modest. This paper conceptually reviews the factors of entrepreneurial intentions, focusing on the role of entrepreneurship education as a mediator within the framework Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Resource-Based View (RBV). This paper aimed to review literature on personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in shaping entrepreneurial intentions, as well as how education influence these psychological dynamics. Literature review shows that personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control of behavior are the main drivers of entrepreneurial intentions, but their effectiveness depends on the role of entrepreneurship education. This paper proposed a conceptual of TPB and RBV to elucidate the relationship between the dimensions of psychology and education in fostering entrepreneurship intentions of urban youth in China. This review offers theoretical contributions to the field of entrepreneurial intent studies and practical recommendations for policy makers, educators, and youth incubators.

ALGORITHMIC MECHANISMS IN ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EFFECTIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE

2026-04-08T11:02:57+08:00

This study provides a comprehensive review and classification of the current literature on algorithmic approaches for combating money laundering. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Digital Library. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 relevant publications published between 2015 and 2020 were selected for analysis. A classification framework was developed to analyse the selected studies, which includes solutions, machine learning, data sources, assessment techniques, implementation tools, sampling approaches, and study regions. The findings provide insights into the current research landscape of algorithmic anti-money laundering (AML) systems and identify trends, gaps, and opportunities for future research.

PERANAN ZAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN HIDUP ASNAF MELALUI PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN KEUSAHAWANAN DI MALAYSIA

2026-03-17T12:51:32+08:00

Malaysia telah mencatat kemajuan sosioekonomi yang signifikan sejak kemerdekaan, namun isu kemiskinan masih terus menjejaskan kesejahteraan hidup golongan asnaf. Dalam konteks ini, zakat berperanan sebagai mekanisme pembebasan daripada kemiskinan serta pemangkin pembangunan ekonomi melalui penyediaan bantuan kewangan, pendidikan, latihan kemahiran dan sokongan keusahawanan. Program pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf bukan sahaja berupaya meningkatkan pendapatan, malah turut menyumbang kepada kesejahteraan sosial, psikologi dan rohani peserta. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menilai peranan zakat sebagai pemangkin kesejahteraan hidup asnaf melalui program pembangunan keusahawanan di Malaysia. Analisis tertumpu kepada elemen bantuan modal, latihan kemahiran, sokongan digital, model mentor-mentee serta penerapan nilai-nilai Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa integrasi sokongan kewangan, latihan praktikal, bimbingan berterusan dan penerapan nilai Islamik secara bersepadu dapat meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi dan kesejahteraan hidup peserta. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengenal pasti cabaran pelaksanaan program serta mencadangkan penambahbaikan bagi memastikan keberkesanan dan kelestarian program pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf dalam jangka panjang.

Malaysia has experienced significant socio-economic progress since independence; however, poverty continues to adversely affect the quality of life of asnaf (zakat recipients). In this context, zakat serves as a mechanism for poverty alleviation and a catalyst for economic development by providing financial assistance, education, skills training and entrepreneurial support. Asnaf entrepreneurial development programs not only enhance income levels but also contribute to participants’ social, psychological and spiritual well-being. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the role of zakat as a catalyst for improving the quality of life of asnaf through entrepreneurial development programmes in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on key elements including capital assistance, skills training, digital support, mentor–mentee models and the integration of Islamic values. The findings indicate that the integrated provision of financial support, practical training, continuous guidance and the application of Islamic values significantly enhances economic self-reliance and overall well-being among participants. In addition, the study identifies key implementation challenges and proposes programmatic improvements to ensure the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of asnaf entrepreneurial development initiatives.

DYNAMIC CAPABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AS FACTORS INFLUENCING GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUCCESS IN MALAYSIAN TOURISM SECTOR

2026-03-31T23:23:50+08:00

The importance of green entrepreneurship as a method of enhancing sustainable development within the Malaysian tourism sector has continued to increase. However, even though numerous national sustainability efforts have been executed, the medium-sized tourism enterprises continue experiencing structural, business, and ability-associated issues that hinder the realization of green entrepreneurial triumphs. To address this gap, the present study considers the success of green entrepreneurship through the consideration of medium-sized enterprises in the Malaysian tourism sector. The data will be collected by use of a cross-sectional research design, where the researcher will concentrate on 373 companies by administering an online survey. This research study will take place with SPSS version 30.0 to perform descriptive analysis and version 4.0 of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0 to examine the correlation between the constructs. This study aims to discover the key antecedents of the success of green entrepreneurship empirically and explain how they are related to each other to generate evidence-based results that can enhance the process of policymaking, strategic decision-making at the enterprise level, and overall transition of Malaysia to a more resilient and sustainable tourism ecosystem.

TOO EMOTIONAL TO LEAD? GENDER-BASED LEADERSHIP STEREOTYPES AND THE ROAD TO SDG 5 IN MALAYSIA

2026-03-02T10:56:12+08:00

This paper explores the limitations of stereotypes associating emotionality with feminine weakness on the progress of women as leaders in Malaysia and how they hinder the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) targets. Although 38.2% of the labor force consists of women (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2022), they are still underrepresented in the senior management (24.7%), as well as corporate boards (17.9%) (Securities Commission Malaysia, 2021). The cultural and organizational mismatch to favour women is the stereotype of women being too emotional to lead in office which strengthens the masculine conception of leadership as based on rationality and control. This study surveyed 300 Malaysian professionals and interviewed 20 managers using a mixed-method approach to investigate the perception of both emotionality and leadership suitability. Quantitative results indicate a widespread notion that women are more emotional (71%) and less leadership qualified (57%) and qualitative results reveal how cultural norms, organizational bias and internalized self-censorship impede it. They create a twofold bind: women are punished because they show emotions, but they are also criticized because of their inability to show this. One of the most ironic aspects is the fact that most of the respondents who ranked emotional intelligence as a valuable quality in leadership are 74 percent, demonstrating a basic inconsistency. This paper holds the view that these stereotypes need to be tackled in order to realize SDG 5 goals on ending discrimination and getting more women involved in decision-making. It offers multi-level interventions: diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training, mentorship initiatives, gender-responsive policies, building board quotas and changing early education. Such approaches would repackage emotionality as a leadership strength and promote gender-inclusive growth in the multicultural Malaysia.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AS A DRIVER OF ENTERPRISE INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF UNESCO’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION NETWORK (EE-NET)

2026-03-30T10:05:56+08:00

Entrepreneurship education is widely recognised as a critical driver of enterprise innovation and sustainable economic development, particularly in developing and emerging economies. This study examines the role of entrepreneurship education in fostering firm-level innovation and supporting inclusive economic growth through a qualitative case analysis of the UNESCO Entrepreneurship Education Network. The research draws on secondary data from academic literature, policy documents, institutional reports, and publicly available databases produced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. A document-based thematic analysis is employed to explore how entrepreneurship education initiatives influence innovation capacity, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and broader development outcomes. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education significantly enhances individuals’ entrepreneurial competencies, enabling them to identify opportunities, develop innovative business models, and contribute to enterprise-level innovation. Beyond individual capability development, the study reveals that entrepreneurship education functions as an institutional mechanism that links educational systems, policy frameworks, and innovation ecosystems. In this context, the UNESCO Entrepreneurship Education Network demonstrates how coordinated regional and international collaboration can strengthen entrepreneurship education through inclusive policy frameworks, knowledge sharing, and capacity-building initiatives among governments, universities, and industry stakeholders. A key insight of the study is that network-based and institutionally supported entrepreneurship education initiatives can create enabling environments that stimulate innovation-driven entrepreneurship and support inclusive economic participation. The programme’s alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals further highlights the potential of entrepreneurship education to contribute to broader development priorities such as employment creation, social inclusion, and sustainable economic transformation. This research contributes to the entrepreneurship and innovation literature by providing empirical evidence on how international educational networks can reinforce institutional frameworks that support enterprise innovation and economic development. The findings underscore the importance for governments and higher education institutions to integrate entrepreneurship education into national innovation systems and development strategies to promote equitable and sustainable growth.

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNICATION: INSIGHTS FROM MALAY ENTREPRENEURS IN THE WHOLESALE SME SECTOR OF TERENGGANU

2026-04-08T10:30:42+08:00

Communication is central to entrepreneurial success, yet its cultural dimensions remain underexplored within Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper investigates how Malay entrepreneurs in Terengganu's wholesale SME sector enact communication shaped by local identity, religion, and social values. A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with six entrepreneurs, analysed thematically using Atlas.ti. The findings highlight three distinct cultural dimensions—dialect use, Islamic values, and social norms of respect and humility—that frame entrepreneurial communication. These practices integrate emotional intelligence, leadership sensitivity, and cultural authenticity, enabling entrepreneurs to maintain trust, legitimacy, and competitiveness. The study extends communication and competence theories by showing that cultural embedding transforms communication from a transactional skill into a relational, ethical, and strategic resource. Practical implications suggest that SME development agencies should incorporate culturally aware communication training to strengthen resilience and performance.

DEVELOPING A KEY RISK DISCLOSURE QUALITY INDEX: A SCORING FRAMEWORK FOR MALAYSIAN PUBLIC-LISTED COMPANIES

2026-03-03T11:37:11+08:00

This paper develops a Key Risk Disclosure Quality (KRIS-DQ) Index to assess the quality of key risk disclosures in the annual reports of Malaysian public-listed companies. Drawing on Ibrahim and Hussainey’s (2019) three-step approach to disclosure index construction, the KRIS-DQ Index integrates content analysis principles with a structured five-level scoring scale that captures disclosure presence, specificity, mitigation strategies, and the use of quantitative information. The index covers 18 key risk categories identified from KPMG’s annual risk outlooks and is explicitly aligned with the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2021 and Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements, enabling structured evaluation of disclosure quality in relation to regulatory expectations. An illustrative application of the index demonstrates its ability to capture meaningful variation in disclosure quality across firms and risk categories, addressing key limitations of prior measures that focus predominantly on disclosure quantity rather than depth and decision usefulness. The KRIS-DQ Index provides a practical benchmarking and diagnostic tool for regulators, investors, and researchers, and offers a robust foundation for future empirical research on corporate risk disclosure quality in emerging market contexts, where institutional environments and enforcement variability heighten the need for more discriminating disclosure quality measures.

SELECTING E-HAILING DELIVERY SERVICES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A FUZZY TOPSIS APPROACH

2026-03-30T14:15:47+08:00

This research evaluates students’ preferences regarding e-hailing food delivery services at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Perlis. Despite the growing reliance on online food delivery, there is a lack of studies addressing student preferences in smaller campuses like Perlis, as well as a limited use of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods to provide structured rankings rather than simple descriptive statistics. Using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the research aims to rank the criteria that influence students’ choices. Factors such as delivery time, price, food delivery services, customer experience, and rider professionalism are examined to understand their impact on decision-making. This research employs quantitative methods, including surveys with 83 students, to gather data and provide insights into improving e-hailing food delivery services. The study is important as it will improve their operational effectiveness and support the continuing development of food e-hailing services. It was revealed that GrabFood was the most frequently used delivery service, followed by Foodpanda, Restaurant Delivery, and Shopee. In future research, this study may employ Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) MCDM techniques such as Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP), and Preferences Ranking Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (Fuzzy PROMETHEE). To improve the review process, additional criteria and a wider range of alternatives might be considered.

WORK-LIFE BALANCE THROUGH RELIGIOSITY AMONG ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA

2026-05-04T11:45:56+08:00

Work-life balance (WLB) seeks to balance professional and personal domains to sustain overall well-being, yet the issue remains unresolved despite decades of attention. Most studies have emphasized organizational flexibility, psychological approaches, and technical solutions, reflecting perspectives rooted in Western contexts. Despite growing interest in WLB research in Asia, the role of religiosity in shaping WLB remains insufficiently examined. In Malaysia, entrepreneurship is central to economic development, yet limited research explores how entrepreneurs draw upon religious values to manage work-life conflict. The objective of this study is to investigate how the spiritual coping framework in religiosity to influences entrepreneurs’ strategies for achieving WLB in Malaysia. A qualitative case study design is adopted. Semi-structured interviews with 10–20 entrepreneurs from diverse religious backgrounds—including Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism—will be conducted. Data will be analysed using thematic coding to identify patterns and mechanisms through which religiosity supports WLB. Key expected findings include evidence that religiosity provides moral guidance, emotional resilience, and social support networks that help entrepreneurs navigate stress, ethical dilemmas, and to achieve WLB. This study contributes at three levels: for theoretical to explore new insight and model integrating religiosity into WLB, as for organizational is to explore new mechanism showing how religious values strengthen entrepreneurial practice, and for national, to explore policy implications for fostering ethical entrepreneurship and sustainable work-life integration in Malaysia.

THE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

2026-03-02T10:43:04+08:00

The research study examined the association between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial intentions of young people in Education with its moderating variable of Government Entrepreneurship policy in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research study adopted a quantitative study approach based on a survey research design and survey data of 320 respondents who were mostly of the age group of young adult students pursuing business and related courses. The research study utilised simple random sampling strategy to garner data from the field in Abu Dhabi in order to avoid bias and to give each participant equal chances of being selected to belong to the study. Data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Correlation Matrix (Pearson) in order to establish the relationship between the study variables. The findings indicated that Entrepreneurship Education has a significant positive effect on Entrepreneurial Intentions, and the positive direct effect was also observed in government’s supportive entrepreneurship policies of funding students’ business projects. Besides, the moderation analysis indicated the fact that the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Intentions is intensified with the assistance of government’s policy support. The research study concluded that Entrepreneurship Education plays a vital role in the process of developing Entrepreneurial Intentions. Long-term exposure to Entrepreneurship Education, especially when presented in a well-designed and relevant curriculum has been found to make significant impacts in changing the intentions of students towards taking part in entrepreneurial behaviour and also developed the long-term entrepreneurial attitudes. This is because the learners are able to acquire knowledge, skills, confidence, and a positive attitude to undertake Entrepreneurship activities for development. Since the study is based on empirical evidence obtained from the field in Abu Dhabi, the findings are generalisable to all other regions in the UAE. The study recommends that government should augment on the funds allocated to entrepreneurship groups for improving their businesses and fostering entrepreneurial mindsets of the young people in Education in the UAE.

THE ROLE OF TQM PRACTICES IN FOSTERING INNOVATION IN MALAYSIAN ARMY TRAINING INSTITUTION

2026-03-25T13:44:16+08:00

This paper addresses the Total Quality Management (TQM) practices in Malaysian Army training institutes, which impedes the delivery of high-quality training necessary for national military readiness amid rapid technological advancements. This study aims to examine the impact of top management commitment, employee empowerment, and teamwork as a key component of TQM practices on innovation within these institutions. The study employed quantitative methods, specifically correlation and regression analysis, utilizing data from 387 military personnel. The findings indicated significant positive correlations between innovation and top management (r = 0.618), employee empowerment (r = 0.665), employee involvement (r = 0.597) and teamwork (r = 0.515). The regression analysis indicates that employee empowerment exerts the most significant influence on creativity (beta = 0.398), succeeded by top management commitment (beta = 0.318) and teamwork (beta = 0.117). All of these findings are statistically significant. The findings underscore the significance of leader involvement, employee empowerment, and a collaborative culture in fostering creativity within military training. The report recommends tailored training and leadership development for a predominantly young, mid-career workforce, promoting collaboration, adapting programs to suit educational and regional contexts, and implementing continuous evaluation through statistical methods to sustain innovative initiatives. This study examines the influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) practices on promoting innovation within defense training environments, thereby enabling strategic improvements essential for contemporary military effectiveness.

TAHAP KESEDARAN IBU BAPA DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KECENDERUNGAN KERJAYA KEUSAHAWANAN ANAK-ANAK: SATU KAJIAN DI LEMBAH KLANG

2026-04-02T07:52:19+08:00

Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesedaran ibu bapa terhadap kerjaya keusahawanan anak-anak dan menguji tahap kesedaran ibu bapa terhadap kerjaya keusahawanan anak-anak di Lembah Klang. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif yang melibatkan 400 orang ibu bapa yang mempunyai anak berumur 13 hingga 25 tahun di kawasan bandar dan luar bandar Lembah Klang, dengan pemilihan sampel secara rawak berstrata dan pengumpulan data melalui soal selidik dalam talian. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPSS) versi 26 untuk menguji antara pemboleh ubah bebas dan pemboleh ubah bersandar. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahawa tahap kesedaran ibu bapa menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap kerjaya keusahawanan anak-anak. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan kepada ibu bapa, pendidik dan pembuat dasar untuk meningkatkan kesedaran serta sokongan terhadap kerjaya keusahawanan anak-anak demi membentuk ekosistem keusahawanan yang lebih kondusif dan berdaya saing pada masa hadapan.

This study was conducted to identify the level of parental awareness of their children's entrepreneurial careers and to test the level of parental awareness of their children's entrepreneurial careers in the Klang Valley. The study employed a quantitative approach involving 400 parents who have children aged between 13 and 25 years living in both urban and rural areas of the Klang Valley. A stratified random sampling technique was used, and data were collected through an online questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 to examine the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Regression analysis revealed that the level of parental awareness contributes significantly to their children’s entrepreneurial career choices. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as a guide for parents, educators, and policymakers in enhancing awareness and support for children’s entrepreneurial careers in order to foster a more conducive and competitive entrepreneurial ecosystem in the future.

EXPLORING HOW LEADERSHIP SHAPES THE LINK BETWEEN MEMBER PARTICIPATION AND CO-OPERATIVE PERFORMANCE: A CONCEPTUAL

2026-03-03T11:19:55+08:00

This conceptual paper examines the relationship between member participation and co-operative performance, emphasizing leadership as a moderating factor. While member participation is often recognized as the lifeblood of co-operatives, its impact on performance is not uniform and may be contingent upon leadership quality. Drawing on Agency Theory, Stakeholder Theory, the Resource-Based View, and leadership theories, the paper proposes a framework in which member participation contributes positively to financial and non-financial performance, but the strength of this relationship depends on the presence of effective leadership. Leadership traits such as inclusivity, vision, empathy, and coaching are argued to enhance accountability, foster shared purpose, and build member capacity, thereby amplifying the benefits of participation. The study develops three hypotheses: (1) member participation positively influences co-operative performance; (2) leadership positively influences cooperative performance; and (3) leadership moderates the participation–performance relationship. This paper contributes theoretically by extending cooperative governance models and practically by providing insights for managers and policymakers on the strategic role of leadership development. It is among the first studies to position leadership as a moderating factor in the relationship between member participation and cooperative performance within ASEAN cooperatives. Future empirical studies are recommended to validate the proposed framework across diverse co-operative contexts.

ATTRIBUTES OF A SUSTAINABLE CO-WORKING SPACE - A PRISMA REVIEW

2026-03-30T13:44:55+08:00

The transition towards sustainable workspaces has gained momentum in recent years, particularly with the rising popularity of co-working spaces as flexible and shared environments that support wellbeing, collaboration, and environmental sustainability. Despite this growth, no comprehensive framework currently consolidates the physical attributes of a sustainable co-working space. This review addresses this gap by systematically analysing existing literature to uncover the core elements that contribute to the sustainability of co-working spaces. This study aims to define the physical attributes of an environmentally sustainable co-working space by applying an advanced search strategy using the Scopus and IEEE Xplore databases, focusing on publications with keywords such as “sustainable space”, “co-working space”, “green environment”, and their synonyms. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework guided the screening and selection process, which resulted in a final dataset of 55 relevant articles. Through qualitative thematic analysis of the abstracts, four dominant themes emerged: (1) Green Environment, which includes thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic control, and natural light; (2) Green Materials, highlighting the importance of recycled, low-carbon, and environmentally-friendly construction materials; (3) Open Layout, emphasizing flexible and collaborative spatial arrangements that enhance social interaction and space efficiency; and (4) Smart Technology, referring to the integration of IoT systems and data-driven solutions that optimize energy use and user experience. The findings suggest that a combination of these attributes is important in creating high-performance, user-centred, and environmentally responsible co-working spaces. This review provides a foundation for future research and practice in sustainable co-working space design to architects, developers, and policymakers who are seeking to promote healthier and more resilient shared work environments. This is the first study to define the physical attributes of a sustainable co-working space.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ON THE ROLE OF SATISFACTION IN DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP CAPACITY FOR SUCCESSFUL ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOMES

2026-04-15T12:21:03+08:00

Employees are tools for achieving company goals. Therefore, they must be able to see, monitor and understand the existing conditions by supervisor called leader. Therefore, human resource management is important to improve their performance to achieve goals, but the reality shows that their efforts are far from what is expected in statistical department. As an example, for statistical department, one of the factors that can cause a decline in data processing is a decline in employee performance due to the level of difficulty of the data that must be managed and system updates that can hinder data processing. Additionally, there are various factors that hinder data management, such as some employees who are irresponsible in their work and have not completed their tasks according to the set targets. Other factors that can support performance include solutions that can be implemented by the organization or employees themselves, such as effective leadership in accordance with organizational standards. From the previous frameworks, they overlook the two parameters such as job training and transformational leadership where these parameters are giving significant impact to improve the organizational performance. This paper would like to enhance the present framework taking into consideration the two parameters mentioned earlier. The results shows that there is a strong relationship between transformational leadership and job training significantly improve employee performance.

BEYOND THE SCROLL: DECODING GRADUATE SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY IN MALAYSIAN CONVOCATION MANAGEMENT

2026-03-17T13:28:43+08:00

Convocation ceremonies represent a critical service encounter that reflects an institution's operational excellence and commitment to student satisfaction. This study evaluates the management of the 14th Convocation at a Malaysian public university, examining whether institutional logistics align with graduate expectations across multiple service touchpoints. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a survey was administered to 896 graduates over seven distinct ceremonial sessions. The research employed structured questionnaires to measure satisfaction across key operational domains, including robe collection, RFID system integration, graduate processions, and certificate distribution. The results indicate a high level of graduate satisfaction, with an overall mean score of 4.48. The RFID System Management emerged as the highest-rated dimension, highlighting the efficacy of smart event technology in enhancing ceremonial efficiency. Inferential analysis revealed significant demographic and temporal variances. Finding showed that female graduates reported significantly higher satisfaction levels than males, suggesting a higher sensitivity to the relational and affective dimensions of service quality. Also, satisfaction scores improved progressively in later sessions, indicating a trend of real-time operational learning and iterative improvement by the management team. No significant difference was found between undergraduate and postgraduate satisfaction, suggesting a standardized and equitable service framework across all academic tiers. These findings provide a strategic roadmap for higher education administrators. The study underscores the importance of investing in technological infrastructure, acknowledging gender-sensitive service perceptions, and adopting an iterative approach to large-scale event management. Ultimately, the convocation ceremony serves as a vital indicator of institutional quality and brand equity.

PENGARUH KECERDASAN BUATAN (AI) TERHADAP PROSES KEUSAHAWANAN MAMPAN DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR UNIVERSITI AWAM

2026-04-01T18:01:31+08:00

Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk menguji pengaruh kecerdasan buatan (AI) terhadap proses keusahawanan mampan dalam kalangan pelajar universiti awam di Lembah Klang. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk i) mengenal pasti tahap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dan proses keusahawanan mampan; dan ii) menguji pengaruh kecerdasan buatan terhadap proses keusahawanan mampan. Kaedah kuantitatif telah digunakan dalam kajian ini, yang melibatkan pelajar universiti awam daripada beberapa universiti awam, termasuk Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), dan Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Seramai 300 orang pelajar yang mempunyai pengalaman perniagaan telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPSS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kecerdasan buatan dan proses keusahawanan mampan berada pada tahap yang tinggi dalam kalangan pelajar. Analisis regresi linear menunjukkan bahawa kecerdasan buatan menyumbang sebanyak 58.7% (R² = 0.587) terhadap variasi proses keusahawanan mampan. Kajian mendapati bahawa kecerdasan buatan mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat dan signifikan terhadap proses keusahawanan mampan (β = 0.766, p < 0.001). Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pihak berkepentingan seperti pelajar, pengusaha, pendidik, dan pembuat dasar dalam usaha memanfaatkan teknologi kecerdasan buatan untuk membina perniagaan yang lebih berdaya tahan dan mampan pada masa hadapan.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on the sustainable entrepreneurial process among public university students in the Klang Valley. The objectives of this study are i) to identify the level of artificial intelligence usage and the sustainable entrepreneurial process; and ii) to examine the effect of artificial intelligence on the sustainable entrepreneurial process. A quantitative method was employed in this study, involving students from public universities, including Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). A total of 300 students with business experience were selected as the study sample. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study indicate that artificial intelligence and sustainable entrepreneurial process are at a high level among students. The results of the linear regression analysis show that artificial intelligence contributes 58.7% (R² = 0.587) to the variation in the sustainable entrepreneurial process. The study found that artificial intelligence has a strong and significant effect on the sustainable entrepreneurial process (β = 0.766, p < 0.001). Overall, this study is expected to assist stakeholders such as students, entrepreneurs, educators, and policymakers in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to build more resilient and sustainable businesses in the future.

FOOD AT YOUR FINGERTIPS: A REVIEW OF ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES

2026-03-03T10:47:17+08:00

This paper reviews the definitions of online food delivery services (OFDs) and customer intention to use them by examining their rapid growth in developed and emerging nations. Digital platforms (websites or mobile applications) that facilitate food ordering and delivery through electronic commerce (e-commerce), with far-reaching implications on food consumption patterns. These services fall under restaurant-to-consumer and platform-to-consumer delivery models. Meanwhile, customer intention to use OFDs implies the influence of price value, convenience, service quality, and user experience on one’s preparedness to use the platforms. The global significance and prevalence of OFDs is irrefutable following the unanticipated emergence of COVID-19. Nevertheless, OFD businesses must strive to accommodate varying consumer needs. These platforms can only be effectively sustained with a sound understanding of the key catalysts for customer purchase intention. From a social perspective, the OFDs have redefined consumers’ dining habits, urban mobility, and community interactions. Such far-reaching implications warrant further examination to maximize the OFD benefits and address potential drawbacks.

DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURIAL EMPOWERMENT AND MICROENTERPRISE SUCCESS: A REVIEW WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

2026-03-30T10:59:33+08:00

In the rapidly evolving landscape of global business, the growth of small-scale ventures is increasingly dependent on the empowerment and inherent capabilities of the owner-manager. Despite rapid digitalisation, microenterprises in regional markets such as Kelantan continue to struggle with digital adoption. However, a significant theoretical and empirical gap exists regarding how localised socio-economic constraints influence the translation of digital tools into sustainable empowerment. This systematic literature review (SLR) addresses this gap by identifying the relationship between capabilities and the development of Digital Entrepreneurial Empowerment with a specific focus on the socio-economic context of microenterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. The study examines the multifaceted dimensions of entrepreneurial empowerment, including innovation and technological capabilities. Through a review of existing systematic approaches, the study explores how this innovation and technological capabilities specifically translate into digital empowerment for micro-scale ventures in regional contexts. By employing the systematic approach, this study synthesises multifaceted dimensions of empowerment to explore how these factors collectively mitigate the unique challenges inherent in the Kelantan digital landscape. The review specifically seeks to rectify the lack of evidence-based insights regarding the digital divide in emerging regional markets. The findings not only contribute a localised framework to the academic discourse on digital entrepreneurship but also provide strategic implications for policymakers and business support entities to foster a more resilient, digitally inclusive microenterprise sector. Ultimately, this review serves as a strategic resource to bridge the gap between theoretical empowerment and the practical digital success of regional entrepreneurs.

A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEGRATED REPORTING AND MARKET VALUATION

2026-04-08T11:17:05+08:00

This study analyzes the existing literature on the adoption of integrated reporting and its implications for firms’ market value. Guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, a systematic literature review was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, supplemented by additional relevant sources. The analysis identified two key themes related to the implementation of integrated reporting in voluntary and mandatory settings. The findings indicate mixed results regarding the relationship between integrated reporting and market value in voluntary settings. In contrast, almost all studies demonstrated a positive association between integrated reporting and market valuation in mandatory settings. The review synthesizes existing evidence to provide broader insights into the relationship between integrated reporting and market valuation.The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and regulators involved in the development and implementation of integrated reporting policies.

VIRTUAL TRY-ON AND THE DIGITAL SHOPPING EXPERIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW USING SCOPUS AI–ASSISTED ANALYSIS

2026-03-17T13:05:39+08:00

Virtual try-on (VTO), a fashion and appearance-based e-commerce category that largely consists of augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications, has become significant in improving online product evaluation. Although academic interest has grown, the available literature is still divided into technological, experiential, behavioural, and organisational views, which restricts a holistic view of how VTO generates value in online retail business contexts. This research is based on a systematic literature review of VTO publications, which are indexed by Scopus and were obtained on 13 February 2026. The search strategy was structured and implemented using titles, abstracts, and keywords, with concept mapping and thematic synthesis conducted through the help of AI. Five dominant thematic clusters are identified in the analysis and include technological innovation, consumer experience, behavioural responses, marketing and retail strategy, and e-commerce performance outcomes. Based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R), this study formulates a conceptual framework that suggests that VTO technological features (stimulus) positively influence consumer experiential judgements (organism) which in turn positively impact organisational performance through behavioural responses (adoption and purchase intention). The study contributes to the literature as it brings together multidisciplinary results in a logical theoretical framework that connects the technological capability, psychological mechanisms, behavioural responses, and e-commerce performance outcomes. The results offer conceptual development and operational directions to retailers who wish to adopt immersive digital technologies in online retailing.

DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING ART STUDENTS’ TENDENCIES TOWARD THE PEERAGOGY LEARNING APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2026-04-01T17:38:13+08:00

This study explores the preferences of art students toward the pedagogy learning approach in the context of higher education. Peeragogy, a collaborative learning approach centered on peer interaction and digital resource utilization, has been recognized as an effective pedagogical approach for fostering 21st-century skills such as creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration. Despite its potential, challenges in its implementation in China’s higher art education persist, including ingrained authoritative teacher-student relationships, lack of self-directed learning among students, and traditional evaluation methods prioritizing individual performance over teamwork. This study analyzes art students' preferences for peeragogy learning approaches based on demographic factors, such as gender and socioeconomic status (SES). By identifying trends and differences in these preferences, the research seeks to enhance the inclusivity and diversity of art education, promoting the effective integration of peeragogy into the art classroom. The findings will provide practical guidance for educators and policymakers, supporting the development of collaborative skills and fostering a positive, inclusive learning environment for art students.

LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES AND THE PERCEIVED IMPACT ON THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN CAVITE

2026-03-02T11:12:48+08:00

This study aims to identify the logistics challenges and the perceived level of impact on the operational performance of medium enterprises in Cavite. It specifically focuses on medium manufacturing enterprises located in the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite. A descriptive research design was employed to analyze the participants’ profiles and assess the perceived impact of various logistical challenges. Out of 23 medium manufacturing enterprises in the city, seven agreed to participate, with a total of 107 managers and supervisors who responded to the survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that the primary logistics challenges include software glitches and insufficient data backups in terms of technological factors, rising fuel prices pertaining to external factors, and unsafe working conditions relating to internal factors. Among these, technological building blocks were perceived to have the highest-level impact on the operational performance of the enterprises. The study concluded that technological issues were perceived by participants to have the most significant impact on logistics operations, underscoring the vital role of modern technology in maintaining efficiency and competitiveness. The results further suggest that many medium-sized enterprises still lack the technological resources and modernization necessary to sustain operational performance. It is therefore recommended that medium enterprises invest in upgrading outdated equipment, enhancing technological systems, and implementing regular data backup procedures to minimize disruptions. To obtain a more thorough understanding of logistics performance among medium enterprises, future research is also encouraged to investigate logistics challenges beyond internal, external, and technological aspects. Additionally, a wider range of participants from different industries and geographic areas should be included.

DETERMINANTS OF JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG MUSLIM ACCOUNTANTS IN INDONESIAN HOSPITALS: A PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2026-03-30T10:18:24+08:00

Hospitals operate in increasingly complex and regulated environments, where effective financial management is essential for organisational sustainability. Despite their strategic role in budgeting, financial reporting, compliance, and resource allocation, hospital accountants remain underexplored in performance-related research, particularly within Islamic and healthcare contexts. This study proposes a conceptual framework to explain the determinants of job performance among Muslim accountants in Indonesian hospitals by integrating Herzberg’s Motivation–Hygiene Theory with Islamic Work Ethics (IWE). Drawing on prior literature in healthcare management, accounting, and organisational behaviour, the framework examines how internal factors (achievement, recognition, advancement, and growth) and external factors (organisational policies, supervisory relationships, peer relationships, and job security) influence job performance through the mediating role of IWE. The proposed model argues that internal motivational factors align closely with Islamic ethical values, thereby strengthening intrinsic commitment and ethical behaviour, while favourable external conditions create an ethical climate that facilitates the internalisation of these values. By positioning IWE as a central mediating mechanism, this study extends Herzberg’s theory by embedding a culturally grounded ethical dimension relevant to Muslim professionals. The framework contributes to healthcare accounting literature by offering a more comprehensive understanding of performance determinants and provides practical insights for hospital administrators to enhance accountant performance, reinforce ethical financial practices, and support the long-term sustainability of healthcare organisations in Indonesia.

WHEN LEADERSHIP TURNS TOXIC: BULLYING IN MALAYSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2026-04-08T10:50:39+08:00

This study develops a conceptual model to explain workplace bullying among academics in Malaysian universities as an organisational phenomenon shaped by leadership and climate. Grounded in Conservation of Resources theory, the manuscript proposes that toxic leadership acts as an upstream source of resource depletion that increases vulnerability to repeated negative acts at work. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is positioned as a mediating mechanism that explains how leadership-related resource loss is translated into workplace bullying. Addressing gaps in Malaysian higher education research, the study advances two propositions: that toxic leadership positively affects workplace bullying, and that this relationship is transmitted indirectly through PSC. Methodologically, the study proposes a quantitative design using survey data from academics in Malaysian universities and structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised relationships. This study contributes to bullying and higher education literature by shifting attention from individual coping to systemic prevention, highlighting leadership practices and PSC as key organisational levers for healthier academic workplaces.

THE INFLUENCE OF BOARD ALLOWANCE AND GENDER DIVERSITY ON ESG REPORTING QUALITY IN THE AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE (ASE)

2026-03-03T11:47:46+08:00

Purpose: This article conceptually investigates the influence of two critical corporate governance mechanisms—Board of Directors’ Allowance (Compensation) and Board of Directors’ Gender Diversity—on the quality of Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) Reporting among companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study leverages established theories such such as Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory, and Resource Dependence Theory to develop a conceptual framework. Methodology: The study proposes a hypothetical methodology utilizing panel data regression and content analysis of sustainability reports from companies listed on the ASE20 index over a five-year period (e.g., 2020–2024). Content analysis would be used to develop a disclosure index based on GRI/ISSB standards. Findings: The synthesized findings anticipate that both independent variables are positively associated with enhanced ESG disclosure quality. Higher board allowance is expected to attract the necessary expertise for complex ESG oversight, while greater gender diversity is hypothesized to introduce perspectives that foster transparency and accountability, particularly in the Social and Governance dimensions. Conclusion: The quality of ESG Reporting in the Amman Stock Exchange is significantly shaped by the internal dynamics of the Board of Directors. The study offers crucial implications for Jordanian regulators and corporate boards, emphasizing the strategic role of board composition in advancing corporate sustainability and market transparency.

DIGITAL CUSTOMS TECHNOLOGY, OFFICER PERFORMANCE, AND TAX COLLECTION EFFICIENCY: A SOCIO-TECHNICAL INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK

2026-03-31T23:15:44+08:00

Digital transformation has become a key strategy for customs administrations aiming to improve tax collection efficiency while preserving service quality and meeting trade facilitation objectives. This thorough review compiles theoretical and empirical insights on the relationship between the implementation of digital customs technology and revenue outcomes, addressing the essential gap between technology investments and observable performance improvements. The research incorporates three complementary theoretical models: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model, and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory. Utilizing literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases (2010-2025), along with policy documents from the World Customs Organization, World Trade Organization, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, this review pinpoints four organizational enablers as vital factors in the effectiveness of customs technology: quality of training, user-friendly system design, ICT support infrastructure, and system integration. The analysis indicates that technology use acts as a mediating factor, affecting officer performance, thereby enhancing tax collection efficiency. This sequential mediation pathway offers a clear yet detailed explanation of how digital transformation drives revenue gains. The suggested integrated conceptual framework presents testable propositions that can be empirically validated through structural equation modeling. The practical implications are intended for customs leaders and policymakers in middle-income countries, particularly those engaged in regional integration efforts, such as the ASEAN Single Window, as well as administrations like the Royal Malaysian Customs Department.