INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT PRACTISES (IJEMP)

THE INFLUENCE OF BOARD ALLOWANCE AND GENDER DIVERSITY ON ESG REPORTING QUALITY IN THE AMMAN STOCK EXCHANGE (ASE)

Menazel Fatehi Srouji — 2026-03-03

Purpose: This article conceptually investigates the influence of two critical corporate governance mechanisms—Board of Directors’ Allowance (Compensation) and Board of Directors’ Gender Diversity—on the quality of Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) Reporting among companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study leverages established theories such such as Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory, and Resource Dependence Theory to develop a conceptual framework. Methodology: The study proposes a hypothetical methodology utilizing panel data regression and content analysis of sustainability reports from companies listed on the ASE20 index over a five-year period (e.g., 2020–2024). Content analysis would be used to develop a disclosure index based on GRI/ISSB standards. Findings: The synthesized findings anticipate that both independent variables are positively associated with enhanced ESG disclosure quality. Higher board allowance is expected to attract the necessary expertise for complex ESG oversight, while greater gender diversity is hypothesized to introduce perspectives that foster transparency and accountability, particularly in the Social and Governance dimensions. Conclusion: The quality of ESG Reporting in the Amman Stock Exchange is significantly shaped by the internal dynamics of the Board of Directors. The study offers crucial implications for Jordanian regulators and corporate boards, emphasizing the strategic role of board composition in advancing corporate sustainability and market transparency.

THE MINDSET-6 FRAMEWORK: A CURRICULUM BLUEPRINT FOR CULTIVATING INDUSTRY 6.0-READY ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSETS IN MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES

Faizan Iza Zainuddin — 2026-03-02

Malaysia continues to grapple with a persistent misalignment between graduate capabilities and the rapidly evolving demands of the workforce, particularly in entrepreneurial readiness and digital adaptability. Although the Ministry of Higher Education reports graduate employability rates above 80%, many employers remain concerned about graduates’ limited creativity, risk appetite, and technological fluency. This paradox reveals a deeper structural issue: higher education institutions are producing academically competent yet entrepreneurially hesitant graduates. This critical review synthesizes empirical and conceptual studies published between 2019 and 2025 to identify key enablers, pedagogical innovations, and policy implications for cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset among Malaysian undergraduates. Findings suggest that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and ecosystem support are dominant predictors of entrepreneurial intention, while experiential, digital, and sustainability-oriented pedagogies strengthen mindset development. However, significant gaps persist, particularly in translating entrepreneurial intention into behaviour, integrating AI and data literacy, and embedding sustainability ethics into curricula. To address these limitations, this paper introduces the MINDSET-6 Framework, a curriculum blueprint encompassing Mindfulness and Ethics, Interdisciplinary AI and Data, Networked Learning, Design and Making, Sustainability, Entrepreneurial Finance, and Transversal 4Cs competencies. The framework positions entrepreneurship education not as a business module but as a transformative, human-centred process aligned with Malaysia’s transition toward a sustainable and digital Industry 6.0 economy.

INNOVATOR’S RACE: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF A GAMIFIED BOARD GAME ON ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Dalili Izni Shafie — 2026-03-03

Teaching Technology Entrepreneurship and New Product Development (NPD) to engineering students is challenging due to the abstract, multidisciplinary, and process-oriented nature of the subject, which often limits engagement and meaningful learning in lecture-based delivery. This study examines the impact of Innovator’s Race, a gamified board game developed as a teaching and learning innovation for ENT600 (Technology Entrepreneurship), designed to simulate the end-to-end entrepreneurship and NPD process in an interactive and learner-centred format. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 60 engineering students through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses were conducted using SPSS, followed by PLS-SEM to test a mechanism-based learning framework. The results show that gamified board game–based learning significantly enhances student engagement, conceptual understanding, entrepreneurial skill development, and learning motivation and confidence. However, mediation analysis indicates an indirect-only effect, whereby the impact of the gamified intervention on overall learning impact is transmitted exclusively through learning motivation and confidence rather than through direct instructional effects. The findings extend experiential learning research by demonstrating that gamified entrepreneurship education influences learning impact primarily through affective mechanisms. This study advances teaching and learning innovation by uncovering the central mediating role of students’ motivation and confidence in shaping engineering students’ entrepreneurship learning impact.

RESEARCH FRONTIERS AND TRENDS IN YOUTH EMPOWERMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM YEAR 2015-2025

Jurainah Ali — 2026-03-01

Youth empowerment is widely discussed across health, education, community development, and policy research. However, rapid growth and varied terminology make it difficult to obtain an integrated picture of how the field has progressed and where contemporary research efforts are focused. This bibliometric analysis maps publication trends, influential articles, leading countries, major keywords, and international collaboration patterns in the Scopus-indexed literature on empowerment among youth. Using Scopus's advanced search, 1,041 records were retrieved. Data was cleaned and harmonized in OpenRefine to improve consistency of metadata (e.g., author keywords and country names). Scopus Analyzer was used to generate descriptive statistics and trend graphs, while VOSviewer was applied to visualize keyword co-occurrence as well as country co-authorship networks. The results demonstrate a substantial rise in annual publication output, rising from 29 publications in 2015 to 109 publications in 2025, with more rapid expansion after 2020. The top 10 most cited articles (published between 2015 and 2020) received between 71 and 95 citations, suggesting that a small set of applied and methodologically robust studies attracts substantial attention. The United States is on top with 274 publications, followed by the United Kingdom with 75 and Australia with 47, with some Asian and African countries also making significant contributions. The output of the country is concentrated in a few research centers. A total of 1,356 distinct keywords were generated through the process of keyword mapping. A threshold of five instances was used for 102 retained terms, with the centrally placed terms “empowerment,” “adolescent,” and “youth” associated with topics or challenges such as economic empowerment, mental health, and participatory modalities. At the same time, the co-authorship research revealed 103 countries, and 43 of them fulfilled the minimum-document condition, and the United States was a significant center of cooperation (Total Link Strength = 132). Overall, the findings contribute to more efficient agenda-setting.

REWARD AND RECOGNITION’S MODERATING EFFECT ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND WORKERS’ INCLINATION TO STAY WITH MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS

Sheran Simon — 2026-03-17

This research examines the influence of leadership styles on employees’ intention to stay in Malaysian manufacturing firms, highlighting the moderating effect of reward and recognition. The study aims to determine if rewards enhance these connections and how transformational and transactional leadership styles influence retention. Employees of multinational companies (MNCs) in the electrical and electronics (E&E) manufacturing sector in Penang and Kedah were administered structured questionnaires as part of a quantitative methodology.SPSS was employed to analyse the statistics of 132 individuals and to evaluate hypotheses utilising regression analysis and moderation techniques. The findings indicate that workers’ propensity to remain is considerably and positively influenced by both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Nonetheless, this association appeared unaffected by reward or acknowledgement. These data indicate that although excellent leadership techniques promote retention, the impact may not be enhanced just by incentives. The study’s findings have practical significance for human resource strategy, namely in adjusting leadership methods to improve staff retention. This research examines the dynamics of Malaysia’s electronics and electrical manufacturing business, providing insights pertinent to organisational success in capital-intensive industries.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG HOTEL EMPLOYEES: THE ROLE OF PERSON-ORGANISATION FIT

Dg Kamisah Ag Budin — 2026-03-03

Considering the negative consequences coming from employee turnover in the hospitality sector, a mediated model was suggested by this research that aimed to decrease turnover intention. Specifically, person-organization fit is advanced as a key mechanism through which human resource management practices may contribute to reducing employees’ intention to leave. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are threefold. The first objective is to evaluate the direct effect HRM practices have on staff turnover intention. Secondly, to examine the direct effect of HRM practices on person-organization fit. Finally, to evaluate the indirect effect of human resource management practices on turnover intention through person-organization fit. A questionnaire form was designed for Data collection and was distributed to a number of staff of three to five-star hotels in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah as a sample. Three hundred forms were distributed, and 214 were returned. Data analysis for this research was done by employing that showed considerable adverse impacts of compensation and career development on turnover intention. Moreover, compensation and career development significantly positively affects person-organization fit. Lastly, person-organization fit is mediating the connection between compensation and career development and turnover intention. The research suggests enhancement of compensation and career development because of its important impact on both person-environment fit and turnover intention.

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG OPERATIONAL-LEVEL EMPLOYEES IN THE GARMENT INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM DHAKA, BANGLADESH

Mst Fahmida Khatun Rupa — 2026-03-17

This research investigates the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and job satisfaction among operational employees in the garment industry of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, the study examines how supportive HRM practices foster positive employee attitudes and enhance job satisfaction. The HRM practices examined include training and development, employee involvement and participation, and performance appraisal. Considering the garment industry’s crucial role in Bangladesh’s economy, understanding the impact of these practices on employee satisfaction is vital for boosting workforce efficiency and organizational performance. A quantitative research design was adopted, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 384 employees selected through simple random sampling. The findings reveal that employee involvement and participation (β = 0.377, p < 0.001) is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction, followed by performance appraisal (β = 0.160, p = 0.001). In contrast, training and development (β = −0.135, p = 0.003) shows a small but significant negative association, suggesting that current training programs may not fully align with employee expectations or perceived usefulness. These results underscore the importance of participatory management and equitable performance evaluation systems in promoting employee satisfaction and commitment. The study contributes to HRM literature in emerging economies by identifying participatory management and fair performance appraisal practices as the most influential predictors of job satisfaction among operational garment workers, providing actionable insights for HR managers and policymakers to enhance employee involvement and organizational performance.

LINKING BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND DIGITAL MARKETING TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN LOCAL CAFES IN MALAYSIA

Hafinas Halid — 2026-03-03

The cafe industry in Malaysia has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and the increasing popularity of coffee culture. However, these cafes face intense competition from international brands and market saturation, signals the imperativeness in identifying effective strategies for sustainable competitiveness. This concept paper examines the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantage among local cafes in Malaysia, with a focus on the moderating role of digital marketing. Drawing on Porter’s Generic Strategies cost leadership, differentiation, and focus and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, this concept paper proposes that digital marketing strengthens the impact of strategic choices on competitive advantage. Cost leadership allows cafes to attract price-sensitive customers through efficiency, while differentiation emphasizes unique offerings and brand identity, and targets niche markets with tailored experiences. Digital marketing, encompassing social media, e-commerce, and online customer engagement, enhances these strategies by improving visibility, customer relationships, and market adaptability. It enables cafés to sense opportunities, respond swiftly to consumer trends, and reconfigure resources to sustain performance. The proposed framework highlights that digital marketing is a strategic enabler that amplifies the effectiveness of business strategies. This study contributes to the literature review by understanding how local cafes can leverage strategic and digital capabilities to build lasting competitive advantages in an increasingly digitalized and competitive environment. Future empirical research is recommended to validate the proposed model and guide local cafe owners in developing integrated strategic and digital approaches for long-term success.

PERANAN ZAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN HIDUP ASNAF MELALUI PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN KEUSAHAWANAN DI MALAYSIA

Noorfazreen Mohd Aris — 2026-03-17

Malaysia telah mencatat kemajuan sosioekonomi yang signifikan sejak kemerdekaan, namun isu kemiskinan masih terus menjejaskan kesejahteraan hidup golongan asnaf. Dalam konteks ini, zakat berperanan sebagai mekanisme pembebasan daripada kemiskinan serta pemangkin pembangunan ekonomi melalui penyediaan bantuan kewangan, pendidikan, latihan kemahiran dan sokongan keusahawanan. Program pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf bukan sahaja berupaya meningkatkan pendapatan, malah turut menyumbang kepada kesejahteraan sosial, psikologi dan rohani peserta. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menilai peranan zakat sebagai pemangkin kesejahteraan hidup asnaf melalui program pembangunan keusahawanan di Malaysia. Analisis tertumpu kepada elemen bantuan modal, latihan kemahiran, sokongan digital, model mentor-mentee serta penerapan nilai-nilai Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa integrasi sokongan kewangan, latihan praktikal, bimbingan berterusan dan penerapan nilai Islamik secara bersepadu dapat meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi dan kesejahteraan hidup peserta. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengenal pasti cabaran pelaksanaan program serta mencadangkan penambahbaikan bagi memastikan keberkesanan dan kelestarian program pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf dalam jangka panjang.

Malaysia has experienced significant socio-economic progress since independence; however, poverty continues to adversely affect the quality of life of asnaf (zakat recipients). In this context, zakat serves as a mechanism for poverty alleviation and a catalyst for economic development by providing financial assistance, education, skills training and entrepreneurial support. Asnaf entrepreneurial development programs not only enhance income levels but also contribute to participants’ social, psychological and spiritual well-being. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the role of zakat as a catalyst for improving the quality of life of asnaf through entrepreneurial development programmes in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on key elements including capital assistance, skills training, digital support, mentor–mentee models and the integration of Islamic values. The findings indicate that the integrated provision of financial support, practical training, continuous guidance and the application of Islamic values significantly enhances economic self-reliance and overall well-being among participants. In addition, the study identifies key implementation challenges and proposes programmatic improvements to ensure the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of asnaf entrepreneurial development initiatives.

TOO EMOTIONAL TO LEAD? GENDER-BASED LEADERSHIP STEREOTYPES AND THE ROAD TO SDG 5 IN MALAYSIA

Niza Tan Mohd Aminuddin — 2026-03-02

This paper explores the limitations of stereotypes associating emotionality with feminine weakness on the progress of women as leaders in Malaysia and how they hinder the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) targets. Although 38.2% of the labor force consists of women (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2022), they are still underrepresented in the senior management (24.7%), as well as corporate boards (17.9%) (Securities Commission Malaysia, 2021). The cultural and organizational mismatch to favour women is the stereotype of women being too emotional to lead in office which strengthens the masculine conception of leadership as based on rationality and control. This study surveyed 300 Malaysian professionals and interviewed 20 managers using a mixed-method approach to investigate the perception of both emotionality and leadership suitability. Quantitative results indicate a widespread notion that women are more emotional (71%) and less leadership qualified (57%) and qualitative results reveal how cultural norms, organizational bias and internalized self-censorship impede it. They create a twofold bind: women are punished because they show emotions, but they are also criticized because of their inability to show this. One of the most ironic aspects is the fact that most of the respondents who ranked emotional intelligence as a valuable quality in leadership are 74 percent, demonstrating a basic inconsistency. This paper holds the view that these stereotypes need to be tackled in order to realize SDG 5 goals on ending discrimination and getting more women involved in decision-making. It offers multi-level interventions: diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training, mentorship initiatives, gender-responsive policies, building board quotas and changing early education. Such approaches would repackage emotionality as a leadership strength and promote gender-inclusive growth in the multicultural Malaysia.

DEVELOPING A KEY RISK DISCLOSURE QUALITY INDEX: A SCORING FRAMEWORK FOR MALAYSIAN PUBLIC-LISTED COMPANIES

Amir Hakim Osman — 2026-03-03

This paper develops a Key Risk Disclosure Quality (KRIS-DQ) Index to assess the quality of key risk disclosures in the annual reports of Malaysian public-listed companies. Drawing on Ibrahim and Hussainey’s (2019) three-step approach to disclosure index construction, the KRIS-DQ Index integrates content analysis principles with a structured five-level scoring scale that captures disclosure presence, specificity, mitigation strategies, and the use of quantitative information. The index covers 18 key risk categories identified from KPMG’s annual risk outlooks and is explicitly aligned with the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2021 and Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements, enabling structured evaluation of disclosure quality in relation to regulatory expectations. An illustrative application of the index demonstrates its ability to capture meaningful variation in disclosure quality across firms and risk categories, addressing key limitations of prior measures that focus predominantly on disclosure quantity rather than depth and decision usefulness. The KRIS-DQ Index provides a practical benchmarking and diagnostic tool for regulators, investors, and researchers, and offers a robust foundation for future empirical research on corporate risk disclosure quality in emerging market contexts, where institutional environments and enforcement variability heighten the need for more discriminating disclosure quality measures.

THE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

Abdullah Al-Ameri — 2026-03-02

The research study examined the association between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial intentions of young people in Education with its moderating variable of Government Entrepreneurship policy in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research study adopted a quantitative study approach based on a survey research design and survey data of 320 respondents who were mostly of the age group of young adult students pursuing business and related courses. The research study utilised simple random sampling strategy to garner data from the field in Abu Dhabi in order to avoid bias and to give each participant equal chances of being selected to belong to the study. Data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Correlation Matrix (Pearson) in order to establish the relationship between the study variables. The findings indicated that Entrepreneurship Education has a significant positive effect on Entrepreneurial Intentions, and the positive direct effect was also observed in government’s supportive entrepreneurship policies of funding students’ business projects. Besides, the moderation analysis indicated the fact that the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Intentions is intensified with the assistance of government’s policy support. The research study concluded that Entrepreneurship Education plays a vital role in the process of developing Entrepreneurial Intentions. Long-term exposure to Entrepreneurship Education, especially when presented in a well-designed and relevant curriculum has been found to make significant impacts in changing the intentions of students towards taking part in entrepreneurial behaviour and also developed the long-term entrepreneurial attitudes. This is because the learners are able to acquire knowledge, skills, confidence, and a positive attitude to undertake Entrepreneurship activities for development. Since the study is based on empirical evidence obtained from the field in Abu Dhabi, the findings are generalisable to all other regions in the UAE. The study recommends that government should augment on the funds allocated to entrepreneurship groups for improving their businesses and fostering entrepreneurial mindsets of the young people in Education in the UAE.

EXPLORING HOW LEADERSHIP SHAPES THE LINK BETWEEN MEMBER PARTICIPATION AND CO-OPERATIVE PERFORMANCE: A CONCEPTUAL

Azianis Mohd Noor — 2026-03-03

This conceptual paper examines the relationship between member participation and co-operative performance, emphasizing leadership as a moderating factor. While member participation is often recognized as the lifeblood of co-operatives, its impact on performance is not uniform and may be contingent upon leadership quality. Drawing on Agency Theory, Stakeholder Theory, the Resource-Based View, and leadership theories, the paper proposes a framework in which member participation contributes positively to financial and non-financial performance, but the strength of this relationship depends on the presence of effective leadership. Leadership traits such as inclusivity, vision, empathy, and coaching are argued to enhance accountability, foster shared purpose, and build member capacity, thereby amplifying the benefits of participation. The study develops three hypotheses: (1) member participation positively influences co-operative performance; (2) leadership positively influences cooperative performance; and (3) leadership moderates the participation–performance relationship. This paper contributes theoretically by extending cooperative governance models and practically by providing insights for managers and policymakers on the strategic role of leadership development. It is among the first studies to position leadership as a moderating factor in the relationship between member participation and cooperative performance within ASEAN cooperatives. Future empirical studies are recommended to validate the proposed framework across diverse co-operative contexts.

BEYOND THE SCROLL: DECODING GRADUATE SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY IN MALAYSIAN CONVOCATION MANAGEMENT

Mohd Zulfadli Mat Husin — 2026-03-17

Convocation ceremonies represent a critical service encounter that reflects an institution's operational excellence and commitment to student satisfaction. This study evaluates the management of the 14th Convocation at a Malaysian public university, examining whether institutional logistics align with graduate expectations across multiple service touchpoints. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a survey was administered to 896 graduates over seven distinct ceremonial sessions. The research employed structured questionnaires to measure satisfaction across key operational domains, including robe collection, RFID system integration, graduate processions, and certificate distribution. The results indicate a high level of graduate satisfaction, with an overall mean score of 4.48. The RFID System Management emerged as the highest-rated dimension, highlighting the efficacy of smart event technology in enhancing ceremonial efficiency. Inferential analysis revealed significant demographic and temporal variances. Finding showed that female graduates reported significantly higher satisfaction levels than males, suggesting a higher sensitivity to the relational and affective dimensions of service quality. Also, satisfaction scores improved progressively in later sessions, indicating a trend of real-time operational learning and iterative improvement by the management team. No significant difference was found between undergraduate and postgraduate satisfaction, suggesting a standardized and equitable service framework across all academic tiers. These findings provide a strategic roadmap for higher education administrators. The study underscores the importance of investing in technological infrastructure, acknowledging gender-sensitive service perceptions, and adopting an iterative approach to large-scale event management. Ultimately, the convocation ceremony serves as a vital indicator of institutional quality and brand equity.

FOOD AT YOUR FINGERTIPS: A REVIEW OF ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES

Syaza Nabilah Kamal Baharin — 2026-03-03

This paper reviews the definitions of online food delivery services (OFDs) and customer intention to use them by examining their rapid growth in developed and emerging nations. Digital platforms (websites or mobile applications) that facilitate food ordering and delivery through electronic commerce (e-commerce), with far-reaching implications on food consumption patterns. These services fall under restaurant-to-consumer and platform-to-consumer delivery models. Meanwhile, customer intention to use OFDs implies the influence of price value, convenience, service quality, and user experience on one’s preparedness to use the platforms. The global significance and prevalence of OFDs is irrefutable following the unanticipated emergence of COVID-19. Nevertheless, OFD businesses must strive to accommodate varying consumer needs. These platforms can only be effectively sustained with a sound understanding of the key catalysts for customer purchase intention. From a social perspective, the OFDs have redefined consumers’ dining habits, urban mobility, and community interactions. Such far-reaching implications warrant further examination to maximize the OFD benefits and address potential drawbacks.

VIRTUAL TRY-ON AND THE DIGITAL SHOPPING EXPERIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW USING SCOPUS AI–ASSISTED ANALYSIS

Nurliyana Abas — 2026-03-17

Virtual try-on (VTO), a fashion and appearance-based e-commerce category that largely consists of augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications, has become significant in improving online product evaluation. Although academic interest has grown, the available literature is still divided into technological, experiential, behavioural, and organisational views, which restricts a holistic view of how VTO generates value in online retail business contexts. This research is based on a systematic literature review of VTO publications, which are indexed by Scopus and were obtained on 13 February 2026. The search strategy was structured and implemented using titles, abstracts, and keywords, with concept mapping and thematic synthesis conducted through the help of AI. Five dominant thematic clusters are identified in the analysis and include technological innovation, consumer experience, behavioural responses, marketing and retail strategy, and e-commerce performance outcomes. Based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R), this study formulates a conceptual framework that suggests that VTO technological features (stimulus) positively influence consumer experiential judgements (organism) which in turn positively impact organisational performance through behavioural responses (adoption and purchase intention). The study contributes to the literature as it brings together multidisciplinary results in a logical theoretical framework that connects the technological capability, psychological mechanisms, behavioural responses, and e-commerce performance outcomes. The results offer conceptual development and operational directions to retailers who wish to adopt immersive digital technologies in online retailing.

LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES AND THE PERCEIVED IMPACT ON THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN CAVITE

Mary Grace Berico — 2026-03-02

This study aims to identify the logistics challenges and the perceived level of impact on the operational performance of medium enterprises in Cavite. It specifically focuses on medium manufacturing enterprises located in the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite. A descriptive research design was employed to analyze the participants’ profiles and assess the perceived impact of various logistical challenges. Out of 23 medium manufacturing enterprises in the city, seven agreed to participate, with a total of 107 managers and supervisors who responded to the survey questionnaire. The findings revealed that the primary logistics challenges include software glitches and insufficient data backups in terms of technological factors, rising fuel prices pertaining to external factors, and unsafe working conditions relating to internal factors. Among these, technological building blocks were perceived to have the highest-level impact on the operational performance of the enterprises. The study concluded that technological issues were perceived by participants to have the most significant impact on logistics operations, underscoring the vital role of modern technology in maintaining efficiency and competitiveness. The results further suggest that many medium-sized enterprises still lack the technological resources and modernization necessary to sustain operational performance. It is therefore recommended that medium enterprises invest in upgrading outdated equipment, enhancing technological systems, and implementing regular data backup procedures to minimize disruptions. To obtain a more thorough understanding of logistics performance among medium enterprises, future research is also encouraged to investigate logistics challenges beyond internal, external, and technological aspects. Additionally, a wider range of participants from different industries and geographic areas should be included.