PERJALANAN KERJAYA DI MALAYSIA: MENANGANI CABARAN PERKEMBANGAN KERJAYA DALAM ERA PASCA PANDEMIK BERDASARKAN TEORI SUPER: CAREER JOURNEY IN MALAYSIA: ADDRESSING CAREER DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA BASED ON SUPER’S THEORY - Nurul Amhani Jasan Ahpandi; Mohamed Fadzil Che Din; Liley Afzani Saidi (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 2025)
Kajian ini menganalisis cabaran dan strategi penyesuaian dalam pembangunan kerjaya berdasarkan Teori Perkembangan Kerjaya Donald Super, dengan memfokus kepada konteks pasca pandemik. Teori ini membahagikan perkembangan kerjaya kepada lima tahap utama - pertumbuhan, eksplorasi, penetapan, peneguhan, dan penurunan - yang menekankan sifat dinamik dan sepanjang hayat perjalanan kerjaya individu. Melalui analisis kandungan data sekunder dari 2020 hingga 2024, kajian ini mendapati bahawa pandemik COVID-19, transformasi digital, dan perubahan sosio-ekonomi telah memberi impak signifikan pada setiap tahap perkembangan kerjaya. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa strategi seperti peningkatan kemahiran digital, sokongan kesihatan mental, dan dasar pekerjaan yang inklusif adalah penting untuk menangani cabaran ini. Penemuan ini memberikan panduan berguna kepada kaunselor kerjaya, pembuat dasar, dan institusi pendidikan dalam menyokong pembangunan kerjaya individu. Cadangan untuk kajian akan datang termasuk penyelidikan longitudinal, penilaian program intervensi, dan penggunaan teknologi dalam pembangunan kerjaya. This study examines challenges and adaptation strategies in career development based on Donald Super’s Career Development Theory, focusing on Malaysia’s post-pandemic context. The theory’s five stage - growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline - offer a framework for understanding lifelong career development. A conceptual analysis of secondary data from 2020 to 2024 was conducted, emphasizing the impacts of COVID-19, technological advancements, and socio-economic changes. Findings reveal disruptions across career stages. Government initiatives, such as upskilling programs and digital transformation efforts, mitigated some impacts but highlighted inequities in access. The study concludes that Super’s theory remains relevant but requires integration of digital literacy, mental health support, and inclusive policies to address contemporary challenges. These findings contribute to career counseling practices, policy-making, and educational frameworks aimed at enhancing workforce resilience and adaptability. Future research should adopt longitudinal methods to assess career trajectories and intervention effectiveness.