PENCERAIAN DALAM ISLAM: KONSEP, BENTUK DAN INTERVENSI PENCEGAHAN: DIVORCE IN ISLAM: CONCEPTS, FORMS, AND PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS - Nik Yaacob, Nik Rosila; Ahmad, Nor Shafrin; Abd. Aziz, Afrina Athirah; Ahmad, Asmar; Shukri, Nurul Najihah Mohamed (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 2025)
Artikel ini bertujuan meneroka konsep dan bentuk penceraian dalam Islam serta kaedah pencegahan yang digariskan oleh al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Peningkatan kes penceraian dalam masyarakat Muslim Malaysia menunjukkan wujudnya keperluan mendesak untuk memahami mekanisme syariah yang bertujuan meminimumkan konflik rumah tangga dan menjaga keharmonian keluarga. Walaupun penceraian dibenarkan dalam Islam, ia merupakan jalan terakhir setelah usaha perdamaian gagal. Artikel ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen, merangkumi kajian kitab-kitab fiqh, undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia, serta teks-teks tafsir dan hadis berkaitan. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti enam bentuk penceraian menurut fiqh dan undang-undang, iaitu talaq (raj‘i dan ba’in), taklik, fasakh, khulū‘ (tebus talaq), li‘ān dan pengesahan lafaz cerai di luar Mahkamah. Selain itu, Islam menekankan langkah pencegahan seperti komunikasi berkesan, tanggungjawab bersama, penghargaan terhadap pasangan, nafkah zahir dan batin, nasihat berhemah, pisah ranjang sementara, serta pelantikan orang tengah. Pendekatan ini bukan sahaja mengurangkan konflik tetapi juga memelihara keharmonian rumah tangga selaras dengan objektif syariah dalam menjaga institusi keluarga. This article aims to explore the concept and forms of divorce in Islam, as well as the preventive measures prescribed in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The rising divorce rates among Malaysian Muslims highlight the urgent need to understand the Shariah mechanisms designed to minimise marital conflict and preserve family harmony. Although divorce is permissible in Islam, it is considered a last resort when reconciliation efforts have failed. This study employs a qualitative document analysis methodology, drawing upon classical fiqh sources, Malaysian Islamic family law, and relevant tafsir and hadith texts. The findings identify six forms of divorce recognised in Islamic jurisprudence and legal practice: talaq (raj‘i and ba’in), taklik, fasakh, khulū‘ (redemptive divorce), li‘ān, and judicial confirmation of extrajudicial pronouncements. Islam also emphasises preventive measures such as effective communication, shared responsibility, mutual appreciation, provision of financial and emotional support, prudent advice, temporary separation, and the appointment of mediators. These approaches not only reduce conflict but also help safeguard marital harmony in line with the Shariah objective of protecting the family institution.