INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, PHILOSOPHY AND LANGUAGES (IJHPL)

KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL PLATFORM DIGITAL PEMBELAJARAN SIRAH NABAWIYYAH BERASASKAN AI-RAG DAN PENDEKATAN HEUTAGOGI

2026-10-05T12:41:30+08:00

Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai kerangka bagi platform digital pembelajaran Sirah Nabawiyyah yang menggabungkan kecerdasan buatan berasaskan Retrieval-Augmented Generation (AI-RAG) dengan pendekatan heutagogi. Kerangka ini dibangunkan bagi menangani dua isu utama, iaitu pembelajaran Sirah yang masih banyak berpusatkan penerimaan maklumat dan kurang dikaitkan dengan kehidupan, serta risiko ketidaktepatan maklumat apabila model bahasa besar umum digunakan untuk menjawab persoalan berkaitan Islam. Kajian dilaksanakan melalui sintesis integratif terhadap penerbitan-penerbitan ilmiah yang relevan. Setiap sumber dianalisis berdasarkan konteks, konsep utama, mekanisme, bukti dan batas kajian. Dapatan seterusnya dihubungkan dengan keperluan reka bentuk berdasarkan penjelasan yang paling munasabah, lalu dinilai dari segi kejelasan hubungan, keselarasan dan batas penggunaan. Hasil analisis membentuk kerangka empat lapisan: pengetahuan yang bersumberkan bahan terpilih dan boleh ditelusuri; teknologi yang melibatkan pencarian maklumat, penyusunan keutamaan sumber, penjanaan jawapan berpandukan bukti, paparan rujukan dan kebolehan sistem menghentikan jawapan apabila bukti tidak mencukupi; pedagogi yang menggalakkan peranan aktif pelajar, penilaian semula andaian dan keupayaan menerapkan pembelajaran; serta penilaian formatif yang disemak oleh pendidik. Tadbir urus kesahihan ilmu, privasi dan audit diterapkan pada semua lapisan. Kerangka ini menegaskan bahawa RAG dapat membantu menghasilkan jawapan yang lebih berpandukan sumber dan mudah ditelusuri, tetapi tidak menjamin setiap jawapan benar atau bebas daripada kesilapan. Sumbangan artikel merangkumi matriks yang menghubungkan masalah, keperluan dan komponen reka bentuk, penerapan prinsip heutagogi dalam fungsi platform, serta enam hubungan yang boleh diuji. Pengesahan pakar dan penilaian empirikal masih diperlukan sebelum keberkesanan pembelajaran dapat dirumuskan.

This article develops a framework for a digital Sirah Nabawiyyah learning platform that integrates artificial intelligence based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (AI-RAG) with a heutagogical approach. It addresses passive and decontextualised Sirah learning and the risk of inaccurate information when generic large language models are used for Islamic content. The study adopts a conceptual-article design and an integrative synthesis of relevant publications. Sources were examined through a context-construct-mechanism-evidence-limitation matrix, mapped abductively to design requirements, and checked for traceability, coherence, and boundary conditions. The resulting framework comprises four layers: curated, provenance-rich knowledge; technology encompassing retrieval, reranking, constrained generation, citation, and abstention; pedagogy supporting learner agency, double-loop learning, and capability development; and formative assessment subject to educator review. Epistemic governance, privacy, and auditability cut across all layers. The framework explicitly recognises that RAG may improve grounding and response traceability but cannot guarantee truth or eliminate hallucinations. The article contributes a problem-requirement-component traceability matrix, an operational mapping of heutagogical principles, and six testable propositions. Expert validation and empirical evaluation remain necessary before claims about learning effectiveness can be made.

OVERCOMING IMPLEMENTATION HURDLES IN MALAY LANGUAGE CLASSROOM-BASED ASSESSMENT WITH GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (GEN-AI)

2026-09-10T15:38:18+08:00

Designed to meet the ministry's core vision, the Malaysian Ministry of Education’s Strategic Plan 2024–2030 outlines key institutional goals. However, recent assessments of Classroom-Based Assessment (PBD) reveal a distinct gap in integrating Generative AI (Gen-AI) into Malay language testing. This missing link creates barriers that directly hinder effective teaching and learning. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to propose the strategy on the barriers of implementing PBD in the Malay language assessment subject using GenAI. The implications of the study are discussed with a focus on policy, training, and PBD practices. Furthermore, the outlined strategies include enhancing teacher training through professional development programs, empowering the use of technology in assessment to increase efficiency, and continuously collecting and analyzing data to identify strengths and weaknesses in teaching and learning. The limitations of this discussion are confined to the scope of GenAI in the Malay language, as well as general validity and reliability. Therefore, it is recommended that further research be conducted, specifically focusing on improving the validity and reliability of GenAI instruments for the Malay language from diverse perspectives. To conclude, adopting GenAI for Malay language assessment requires a stakeholder-centric approach. Success hinges on two critical factors: the practical design of the evaluation tools and the readiness of school personnel to implement them.

METROSEXUALS IN CHINA’S ENGLISH-LANGUAGE STATE MEDIA: A (DE)LEGITIMATION ANALYSIS OF MASCULINITY RECONSTRUCTION

2026-09-10T15:26:48+08:00

While previous studies on metrosexuality have mainly focused on participants lived experiences and identity construction, relatively few studies have examined how metrosexuality is represented and negotiated within public media discourse. Metrosexuality refers to a form of masculinity characterized by men’s attention to grooming, appearance, fashion, and aesthetic consumption. Addressing this gap, the present study adopts a media discourse approach to examine representations of metrosexuality in China’s English-language state media. Drawing on a corpus of newspaper articles, the study combines Van Leeuwen’s (2007) and Mackay’s (2015) legitimation frameworks with Clarke and Braun’s (2018) thematic analysis to investigate how metrosexual men are constructed in state media narratives, what dominant themes emerge from these representations, and what broader sociocultural meanings and implications they convey. Through this integrated methodological approach, the study explores how state media participate in the transformation and reconstruction of masculinity in contemporary China. The findings suggest that state media generally legitimize male grooming, self-management, and appearance consciousness by associating them with professionalism, modernity, competitiveness, and social refinement. However, while these representations appear to diversify and expand acceptable masculine expressions, they simultaneously construct a new configuration of hegemonic masculinity grounded in neoliberal ideals of bodily discipline, self-surveillance, consumerism, and socioeconomic privilege.

FROM HOMO SAPIENS TO THE DATAFIED SELF: A PHILOSOPHICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN AGENCY IN THE ALGORITHMIC ERA

2026-10-05T12:49:55+08:00

Algorithmic transformation and intensifying datafication have brought fundamental changes to the ways human beings are understood, represented, and positioned in contemporary life. This article examines Yuval Noah Harari’s conception of the transformation from Homo sapiens toward the condition of the datafied self and its implications for understanding human agency in the algorithmic era. Employing a critical conceptual analysis through a hermeneutic reading of Harari’s works and scholarly discussions on datafication, algorithmic governance, and AI ethics, this study argues that the development of algorithmic systems does not necessarily eliminate human agency but rather transforms the conditions under which it operates. The datafied self represents a new form of subjectivity in which human identity, behavior, and preferences are increasingly mediated by data-driven systems and algorithmic processes. This article argues that human agency remains significant but requires a philosophical reconstruction that preserves the reflective, relational, and ethical dimensions of human existence amid increasingly complex relationships with technology.

REPRESENTING METROSEXUALITY IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE NEWS PUBLISHED IN CHINA: A CORPUS-ASSISTED DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2026-09-17T16:29:36+08:00

This study examines the representation of metrosexuality in English-language newspapers in China using a corpus-assisted discourse analytical approach. Metrosexuality has been investigated in previous research in terms of consumer culture, advertising, social media, and individual experiences, but few studies have examined how metrosexuality is represented through recurrent linguistic patterns in English news discourse. To address the gap, a corpus of 40 English newspaper articles on metrosexuality, published between 2004 and 2025, was collected to conduct a corpus-assisted discourse analysis using AntConc. The analysis employs wordlist, collocate, cluster, and Keyword in Context (KWIC) procedures to identify recurrent lexical and phraseological patterns in the representations of metrosexuality. The findings reveal four representational patterns. First, metrosexuality is reconfigured by integrating appearance management as a legitimate component of masculine identity rather than as threats to masculinity. Second, grooming practices are normalized through discourses of self-management, confidence, and personal improvement. Third, metrosexuality is prominently framed in terms of an expanding consumer economy characterized by growing cosmetic consumption and purchasing power. Finally, metrosexuality is represented as a normal expression of masculine identity among younger generations. The research contributes to English media representations of metrosexuality and corpus-assisted discourse analysis in the Chinese context.

DISCURSIVE STRUGGLES OF MARGINALIZED WOMEN IN THE POLYPHONIC NOVEL “BITTER ORANGE TREE” THROUGH BAKHTIN`S DIALOGUE THEORY

2026-09-10T15:33:12+08:00

The novel “bitter Orange Tree” by Omani novelist Jokha al-harthi is characterized by polyphony; the polyphonic structure of the novel allows for a more comprehensive portrayal of its dialogic nature and the characters’ independent voices. Drawing upon “feminist dialogics”, a feminist reconstruction of Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogic theory, this study conducts a systematic narrative and textual analysis of the novel to explore female discourse power. Specifically, it aims to examine how marginalized women achieve discursive resistance at both micro- and macro-dialogic levels within a polyphonic narrative space. The findings reveal that Al-harthi employs Bakhtinian polyphonic strategies to unfold discursive resistance across three interrelated dimensions. First, at the macro-level, the novel constructs a "chronotope" spanning the diasporic spaces of London and the rural landscapes of Oman, revealing the spiritual diaspora and spatial breakthroughs of female subjects amid historical fragmentation. Second, at the micro-discursive level, marginalized women implicitly resist patriarchal discipline through character dialogues, strategically embedded silences, psychological dislocations, and polyphony. Finally, the "unfinalized" presented at the novel's conclusion shatters the enclosure of historical determinism, reshaping a continuous and creative subjectivity for marginalized women. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of gender politics and narrative innovations in modern Arabic fiction.

RIGHTEOUS SELF, PROVOCATIVE OTHERS: CHINA-ALIGNED X USERS AND THE DIGITAL CONSTRUCTION OF STATE IDENTITY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES

2026-09-10T15:21:18+08:00

The South China Sea (SCS) disputes are among the world’s most complex sovereignty contests. While substantial research has investigated the discourse of political elites and mass media, ordinary users’ discursive representations of the states involved in the disputes remain underexplored. This study centres on networked publics aligned with China’s stance to examine how they discursively construct and negotiate the role identities of China, co-claimant countries and extra-regional states, and how these identity constructions are mobilised to legitimise China’s claims and actions in the SCS disputes. The study integrates discourse-centred online ethnography, Social Media Critical Discourse Studies (SM-CDS) and the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) to analyse 312 posts tagged with #SouthChinaSea on X between September 2023 and July 2024. The findings show that these users construct a morally polarised identity constellation in which China is represented as a righteous, victimised and defensive Self, while co-claimant countries and extra-regional states, particularly the Philippines and the United States, are represented as provocative, dependent, interventionist or destabilising Others. It contributes to research on digital political communication by showing how state identity, geopolitical legitimacy and digitally mediated nationalist discourse are co-constructed in online public debates over maritime disputes.