INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (IJIREV)

RESEARCH TREND ON GREEN LOGISTIC IMPLICATION IN BROILER INDUSTRY

2025-08-21T13:56:31+08:00

This bibliometric analysis explores the research trends on green logistics implications within the broiler industry, a critical sector linked to both food security and environmental sustainability. The broiler industry is vital to national food security but faces pressure to adopt sustainable practices. With rising concerns about climate change and resource use, green logistics in poultry supply chains has gained attention. However, few studies focus specifically on broiler sector. Most research is broad and overlooks local context. This lack of targeted analysis limits insights for stakeholders. A focused bibliometric study is need to map trends, assess research contribution, and guide sustainable development in the poultry industry. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of green logistics in broiler industry by examining publication trends, research productivity, and authorship collaboration; mapping key themes, citation patterns, and emerging sustainability frameworks; and evaluating overall contribution to global research. A total of 203 journal articles published between 2009 and 2025 were retrieved from the Scopus database using targeted keywords environment and sustainability with a focus on final-stage, English-language publications in the fields of social sciences, business, and economics. To refine and validate the data, OpenRefine used for data cleaning, while Scopus Analyzer and VOSviewer software facilitated quantitative evaluation and visual mapping of publication patterns, authorship collaboration, keyword co-occurrence, and citation networks. After processing and cleaning, the final dataset consisted of 986 relevant records. Results revealed that dominates in research output, contributing over 74% of publications, with key themes centered on sustainability, green supply chain management, and environmental practices. Highly cited articles demonstrated strong linkages to green purchasing behavior, consumer attitudes, and waste-to-resource strategies. The keyword analysis further highlighted evolving trends and emerging frameworks such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and green marketing. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the knowledge structure, research productivity, and intellectual development within the field, serving as a foundational reference for scholars, policymakers, and industry stakeholders aiming to enhance green logistics in poultry industry.

MAPPING RESEARCH PATTERNS IN CHAIN COORDINATION AND CATTLE SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA

2025-08-21T14:11:26+08:00

The cattle supply chain in Malaysia plays a pivotal role in national food security and economic sustainability. However, it faces persistent challenges, particularly in supply chain coordination and performance enhancement. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to map the research landscape related to chain coordination and cattle supply chain performance in Malaysia. Using data extracted from the Scopus database for the period 2020–2025, a refined search string retrieved 799 documents, revealing significant academic engagement with this field. Tools such as VOSviewer were applied to visualize co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and thematic clusters, offering a comprehensive view of intellectual trends. The results show a steady growth in publications, with peak outputs in 2022 and 2024, primarily concentrated in engineering, business, and computer science disciplines. Technological themes like blockchain, Industry 4.0, and IoT dominate keyword clusters, alongside theoretical approaches such as game theory and risk management frameworks. The analysis also identifies China, India, and the United States as top contributors globally, while Malaysia shows increasing participation and collaboration within Southeast Asia. Highly cited works emphasize sustainable practices, digital transformation, and collaborative coordination mechanisms. This research highlights the need for stronger coordination strategies, stakeholder collaboration, and adoption of digital tools to improve cattle supply chain performance. The findings provide practical implications for policymakers and industry actors seeking to enhance supply chain resilience, traceability, and efficiency. While the study contributes a structured overview of the academic discourse, it is limited by its reliance on a single bibliographic database and English-only publications. Future work may integrate qualitative insights and cross-regional comparisons to enrich the understanding of Malaysia’s cattle supply chain dynamics. Overall, this analysis serves as a critical reference for guiding strategic development in agri-food supply chain management in Malaysia and similar emerging economies.

THE CO-EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY AND CMF IN BAMBOO FURNITURE: A NEW CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK

2025-09-19T16:08:50+08:00

As a sustainable material, bamboo's importance in the global design field is growing, leading to a significant evolution in the form and aesthetics of bamboo furniture. However, existing classification methods for bamboo furniture, which are typically based on style or function, fail to reveal the intrinsic driving force of technological innovation on the evolution of bamboo furniture design, overlooking the decisive role of technology in shaping the presentation of bamboo's CMF (Color, Material, Finish). This study adopts a qualitative case study methodology, purposively sampling a series of representative bamboo furniture products throughout their developmental history. A structured analytical framework is used to systematically explore the core processing technology and CMF characteristics of each case. Through cross-case analysis, this study proposes a new classification framework based on the co-evolution of technology and CMF. This framework identifies three unique technology-CMF paradigms: 1) the Craftsmanship Paradigm, characterized by manual skills and presenting an authentic CMF; 2) the Industrial Paradigm, driven by material engineering and presenting a standardized CMF; and 3) the Digital Paradigm, enabled by computational manufacturing and presenting a complex and customized CMF. The evolution of these three paradigms is not merely a progression of technical pathways but also reflects a shift in design philosophy. Theoretically, this framework transcends static, descriptive classifications, offering a more explanatory, dynamic analytical model. In practice, it provides designers and companies with a clear "technology-CMF innovation map" to serve as a reference for material innovation, product strategy, and brand differentiation.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REALIZATION OF MULTI-ORGANISATION COLLABORATION IN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS BASED ON CONTRACTOR PERSPECTIVES

2025-10-01T17:11:01+08:00

The continuous advancement of Building Information Modelling (BIM) influences the paradigm shift of collaboration, among multi-organisations for better digital data information generation, sharing, and management. In Malaysia, the utilization of BIM in construction projects is limited due to various challenges faced by multi-organizations including disputes in handling BIM collaboration which create a complex situation for the contractor to manage the construction phase. In fact, from the contractor's perspective, there is less specific procedure and reference to refer to as a guideline to implement BIM among multi-organisations. Thus, the conceptual framework is an initiative created as best practice to influence the success of collaboration among organizations in managing BIM construction projects based on contractor perspectives. This research study focused on three main objectives; (i) to determine the challenges faced among multi-organisations in enhancing collaboration in managing BIM construction projects, (2) to investigate the indicators that influence the multi-organisation in enhancing collaboration in managing BIM construction projects, and (3) to establish the conceptual framework in enhancing multi-organisation collaboration in managing BIM construction project based on contractor perspective. The methodology for this research study is a systematic literature review (SLR) and questionnaire survey were involved 30 BIM experts who have experience in managing BIM construction projects. The data from the questionnaire survey was processed and analyzed using the ranking analysis via mean and standard deviation to rank the factor for both objectives. Finally, based on the consolidated findings, a conceptual framework for multi-organization collaboration in managing BIM construction projects based on contractor perspectives was developed. The conceptual framework serves as an initial reference database and guideline platform for the contractor and other organizations to enhance BIM collaboration in construction projects in the context of the virtual environment.

SAFETY PRACTITIONERS' PERCEPTIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY GAMES AS TRAINING TOOLS IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY EDUCATION

2025-08-14T14:07:32+08:00

The integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into safety education has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance learning outcomes in high-risk industries such as construction. As traditional training methods often lack engagement and realism, VR games offer immersive, interactive, and risk-free environments for learners to practice hazard recognition and safety protocols. However, understanding the perspectives of safety practitioners is essential to evaluating the practicality and acceptance of such tools in real-world settings. This study examines safety practitioners' perceptions of virtual reality (VR) games as training tools in construction safety education. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from a purposively selected group of 88 respondents, comprising Safety and Health Officers (SHO), contractors, Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) officers, and other stakeholders within the construction industry. The questionnaire focused on five key components: hazard recognition, scenario navigation, precautionary training, environmental familiarity, and hazard pattern identification. Descriptive analysis revealed that respondents strongly agreed on the effectiveness of VR in all areas, with mean scores ranging from 4.09 to 4.22 on a 5-point Likert scale. The highest agreement was found in VR's ability to familiarise workers with hazardous environments (mean = 4.22), followed closely by navigating hazardous scenarios (mean = 4.21). These findings suggest that safety practitioners view VR games as a valuable supplement to conventional training, capable of enhancing safety awareness, behaviour, and preparedness on construction sites. In conclusion, VR games are perceived as effective, engaging tools that can support the development of a more proactive safety culture in the construction industry. Further development and implementation of VR-based training modules are recommended to strengthen their role in occupational safety education.

EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY IN THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL PHASE OF A RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITY

2025-09-12T18:02:05+08:00

This study evaluates the alignment between empirical safety performance and stakeholder perception at Malaysia’s first near-surface repository for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) waste in Perak, now in its long-term Institutional Control phase. The research employs a quantitative case study design, conducting a parallel analysis of two data streams: (1) five years of official environmental monitoring data (2020–2024) from Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) and Radiological Safety Analysis Report (RSAR) reports, and (2) a structured survey of 42 key stakeholders, including local residents and facility workers. The environmental analysis confirms that the repository operates in full compliance with national standards, with all radiological measurements in soil, water, and air remaining well below regulatory limits and the annual public dose kept below the 1 mSv/year threshold. In stark contrast, the stakeholder survey reveals a critical paradox: while respondents express high levels of trust in the facility’s operator and the national regulator, they show significant scepticism and low confidence in the accuracy of the official environmental data that confirms the facility's safety. This study concludes that a significant socio-technical divide exists, where high institutional trust has not translated into informational confidence. While the repository is technically safe, its long-term stewardship and social acceptance require moving beyond simply publishing safety reports. To bridge this perception gap, the study recommends implementing targeted communication strategies that make technical data accessible, understandable, and verifiable for all stakeholders, thereby transforming passive trust into active, informed confidence.

FOOD WASTE COMPOSTING MACHINES: A MINI REVIEW ON A PRACTICAL SOLUTION FOR ORGANIC WASTE REDUCTION AT SOURCE

2025-09-24T15:48:10+08:00

Food waste composting machines (FWCMs) are increasingly recognized as a practical solution for organic waste reduction at source, contributing to sustainable development and circular economy objectives. A literature search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with keywords including “food waste,” “composting,” “machine,” “device,” “system,” and “sustainability.” Peer-reviewed English-language studies explicitly addressing FWCMs were included, while non-English publications, irrelevant studies, and grey literature were excluded. FWCMs support landfill diversion, greenhouse gas mitigation, and nutrient recycling. Key technological advancements, such as microbial inoculants, aeration systems, temperature regulation, and automation, have improved decomposition rates and operational efficiency. Applications range from household devices to large-scale institutional and urban systems, highlighting their adaptability. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including high energy consumption, inconsistent compost quality, pathogen survival, bioaerosol emissions, and economic constraints. Uncertainty persists regarding their long-term environmental performance, scalability, and socio-economic integration. FWCMs offer significant potential for advancing sustainable food waste management. However, critical knowledge gaps—particularly in safety standards, compost quality benchmarking, life-cycle assessment, and cost-effectiveness—must be addressed through targeted research, technological innovation, and supportive policy frameworks.

RESEARCH TREND: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SELF-INSTILLATION EYE DROP (SIED) TECHNIQUE MODULE AND IMPROVED SELF-INSTILLATION EYE DROP TECHNIQUE AMONG GLAUCOMA PATIENTS

2025-08-18T16:41:02+08:00

Self-instillation of eye drops is an essential skill for individuals with glaucoma, yet many struggle with proper technique, impacting treatment adherence and outcomes. To address this, our bibliometric analysis focuses on the development and validation of the Self-Instillation Eye Drop (SIED) technique, aiming to map the research landscape, identify influential studies, and evaluate global trends. Despite the growing emphasis on patient-centered care, there remains a gap in understanding how scholarly attention has evolved in this domain. This study utilized Scopus Analyzer, OpenRefine, and VOSviewer software to systematically extract, clean, and visualize bibliographic data from 2015 to 2025, with 2025 being the most recent year analyzed. We examined annual publication trends, most cited authors, keyword co-occurrence, productive countries, and international collaborations. The results indicate a significant rise in publications between 2018 and 2021, peaking in 2020, likely spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic's push for remote and self-managed care. The United States (US) led with the highest publication and citation counts, while countries such as Japan, China, and India also demonstrated substantial contributions. Top-cited works largely explored drug delivery innovations and clinical trials linked to ophthalmic care. Keyword analysis revealed core themes including glaucoma, self-instilled eye drops, ocular drug delivery, and patient adherence, reflecting a multidisciplinary convergence. Co-authorship networks underscored the dominance of Western countries in global collaboration efforts. In conclusion, the development and validation of the SIED technique have gained measurable scholarly traction, especially during shifts in health systems toward self-care models. This bibliometric analysis highlights the importance of sustaining research in this field and encourages broader global collaboration to enhance technique standardization and patient outcomes in glaucoma management.

MAPPING THE GLOBAL RESEARCH LANDSCAPE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY PRICE: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS

2025-09-19T15:56:03+08:00

This study evaluates the evolution of cryptocurrency price research through a bibliometric network analysis and a thematic review of publications from 2014 to 2022. Three main themes are identified: cryptocurrency behavior, predictive modeling techniques, and factors influencing cryptocurrency prices. The findings reveal inconsistencies in the literature regarding predictive models and contributing factors, highlighting significant theoretical gaps. Future research directions are proposed, including the development of hybrid forecasting models that integrate machine learning, behavioral factors, and macro-financial indicators. This review offers valuable insights for scholars, investors, and policymakers aiming to enhance forecasting accuracy, manage risk, and better understand the complexities of the digital asset ecosystem.

FAKTOR MANUSIA DAN PEMATUHAN KESELAMATAN JALAN RAYA: KAJIAN KES DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR KEUSAHAWANAN DAN PERNIAGAAN DI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN

2025-10-01T16:43:39+08:00

Kajian ini meneliti peranan faktor manusia dalam keselamatan jalan raya di kalangan pelajar Fakulti Keusahawanan dan Perniagaan (FKP) di Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). Kemalangan jalan raya masih menjadi isu utama dalam kalangan pemandu muda, khususnya pelajar, disebabkan oleh faktor seperti keletihan pemandu, pematuhan had laju, gangguan perhatian pemandu, dan keadaan jarak penglihatan. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menangani jurang pemahaman tentang bagaimana faktor-faktor ini memberi kesan secara khusus kepada pelajar universiti, iaitu satu demografi yang sering diabaikan dalam kajian keselamatan jalan raya. Soal selidik telah digunakan sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data dalam reka bentuk kuantitatif. Seramai 331 orang pelajar daripada FKP telah mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan pensampelan mudah dan berstrata. Perisian Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) versi 30 digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara pemboleh ubah melalui Korelasi Spearman dan untuk menghuraikan latar belakang demografi responden melalui analisis deskriptif. Dapatan kajian mendedahkan kesan signifikan ke atas faktor keletihan pemandu, pematuhan had laju, gangguan perhatian pemandu, keadaan jarak penglihatan, dan keselamatan jalan raya. Gangguan pemandu serta jarak penglihatan yang terhad dikenal pasti sebagai penyumbang utama kepada kemalangan jalan raya. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan intervensi yang disasarkan, termasuk pendidikan keselamatan jalan raya, kempen kesedaran, dan penambahbaikan infrastruktur, bagi mengurangkan risiko keselamatan jalan raya di kalangan pelajar universiti.

This study examines the role of human factors in road safety among students of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business (FEB) at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). Road accidents remain a major issue among young drivers, particularly students, due to factors such as driver fatigue, speed compliance, driver distraction, and visibility conditions. The research aims to address the knowledge gap concerning how these factors specifically affect university students, a demographic often overlooked in road safety studies. A questionnaire was employed as the data collection instrument within a quantitative research design. A total of 331 students from FEB participated in the study using a combination of convenience and stratified sampling approaches. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 30 was used to assess the relationships between variables through Spearman’s Correlation and to describe the demographic background of respondents using descriptive analysis. The findings revealed significant effects of driver fatigue, speed compliance, driver distraction, visibility conditions, and road safety. Driver distraction and limited visibility were identified as the main contributors to road accidents. The study highlights the importance of targeted interventions, including road safety education, awareness campaigns, and infrastructure improvements, in reducing road safety risks among university students.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH TREND ON KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION OF THE LIFE CYCLE COSTING

2025-08-14T12:43:50+08:00

This study examines the growing trend of applying Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in academic research, a crucial methodology for assessing the long-term economic viability of products, projects, and systems, particularly in the domains of sustainability and construction. Despite the growing relevance of LCC in supporting cost-effective and sustainable decision-making, a comprehensive analysis of how this concept has been adopted and developed within the scholarly literature remains lacking. To address this gap, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using data retrieved from the Scopus database, focusing on documents published up to the early part of 2025. A total of 970 relevant records were identified and analyzed using Scopus Analyzer and VOSviewer software to evaluate publication trends, citation patterns, keyword co-occurrences, and international collaboration networks. The results indicate a steady increase in publications over the past decade, with notable contributions from countries such as the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Key research themes include sustainable construction, cost-benefit analysis, circular economy, and decision-making models. Collaboration patterns reveal that countries with higher citation impact tend to have stronger international linkages, suggesting the importance of global cooperation in advancing LCC research. This analysis highlights the growing interest in LCC and the shifting focus toward integrating economic evaluation with environmental and social dimensions. The study concludes that LCC is transitioning from a niche financial tool to a strategic framework for sustainable planning and policymaking and recommends increased interdisciplinary and cross-border collaboration to enrich the field further.

NUMERICAL METHODS IN CRACK MATERIAL DETECTION AND ANALYSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2025-08-24T15:57:44+08:00

This systematic literature review examines recent advancements in numerical methods for crack detection and analysis, highlighting their increasing accuracy and computational efficiency. Using the PRISMA framework, an extensive search conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases (2023–2024) identified 15 primary studies focusing on three main themes: numerical methods for crack detection, dynamic crack propagation analysis, and advanced material-specific fracture analysis techniques. Key findings indicate substantial improvements, particularly in hybrid numerical approaches like Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), and phase-field methods, which significantly enhance real-time crack detection capabilities in critical structural applications, including rotating machinery, fluid pipelines, and composite materials. Despite these improvements, several limitations persist, notably the difficulty in generalizing results across different materials, computational challenges when scaling models for large-scale industrial applications, and dependence on material-specific parameters requiring further experimental validation. Future research should prioritize developing universally adaptable numerical models that effectively integrate these advanced techniques to address these limitations, facilitating broader applicability and reliability in structural health monitoring.

MODEL PENGURUSAN RANTAIAN BEKALAN HIJAU DALAM PKS MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI MALAYSIA: PENGESAHAN MELALUI TEKNIK DELPHI

2025-09-19T17:04:51+08:00

Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan Hijau (Green Supply Chain Management - GSCM) telah mendapat perhatian yang semakin meningkat di negara membangun, khususnya dalam kalangan organisasi yang diperakui ISO seperti Malaysia, Thailand dan China. Walau bagaimanapun, inisiatif pengurusan alam sekitar dan kelestarian masih banyak dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan besar, dengan pelaksanaan yang terhad dalam kalangan Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan kejelasan dan kebolehgunaan ‘Model GSCM untuk PKS Makanan dan Minuman di Malaysia’ menggunakan teknik Delphi. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua pusingan melibatkan pakar yang berpengalaman dalam bidang GSCM. Analisis Delphi menunjukkan tahap konsensus melebihi 75%, menandakan tahap persetujuan yang tinggi dalam kalangan pakar. Panel pakar mengesahkan bahawa model ini memberikan kefahaman yang jelas terhadap faktor-faktor kritikal yang mempengaruhi praktis GSCM di PKS. Selain itu, model ini juga menyediakan panduan praktikal untuk melaksanakan amalan hijau, sekali gus menawarkan pandangan yang berguna kepada pihak berkepentingan di semua peringkat pengurusan. Ia amat berguna dalam membuat keputusan strategik berkaitan perancangan jangka panjang, termasuk infrastruktur hijau, program dan teknologi. Model ini berpotensi untuk dijadikan kerangka rujukan dalam membantu PKS menyelaraskan matlamat kelestarian dan meningkatkan prestasi alam sekitar.

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices have gained growing attention in emerging economies, particularly among ISO-certified organizations in countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and China. However, environmental management and sustainability initiatives remain predominantly adopted by large enterprises, with limited implementation among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to validate the clarity and practicality of the ‘GSCM Model for Malaysian Food and Beverage SMEs’ using the Delphi technique. Conducted over two rounds with experts experienced in GSCM, the Delphi analysis revealed an average consensus above 75%, indicating strong expert agreement. The expert panel affirmed that the model offers a clear understanding of the critical factors influencing GSCM adoption in SMEs. Additionally, the model provides practical guidance for implementing green practices, offering valuable insights for stakeholders at all managerial levels. It is particularly useful for strategic decision-making related to long-term planning, including green infrastructure, programs, and technologies. This model holds potential as a reference framework to support SMEs in aligning with sustainability goals and enhancing their environmental performance.

CHARACTERISTIC OF PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (PEFB) FIBERS REINFORCED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) FOR PEFB/LDPE POLYMER COMPOSITES

2025-08-14T15:04:56+08:00

The study presents the characteristic of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) fibers reinforced Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) for PEFB/LDPE polymer composites into deck panel application. This research aims to formulate the different composition ratios of PEFB fibers reinforced for PEFB/LDPE polymer composites into deck panel application. The importance of this study is to fabricate a new material environmentally polymer composite material from waste resources of oil palm such as PEFB fibers abundant in Malaysia. This research includes the different composition ratios of PEFB fibers, which are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 (wt/wt%) reinforced LDPE plastic waste mixed with epoxy resin and hardener with a ratio of 3:1. The waste fiber from PEFB was grinded into 0.5 mm-1.5 mm ± 0.05 to produce fine fibers with an 18000-rpm speed grinder machine. The mixture was poured into a mold and cured for 48 hours at room temperature. The physical and mechanical testing was conducted on the sample with different composition ratios of PEFB fibers. It is revealed that the greater ratio of PEFB fibers, 0.5 (wt/wt%), produced the lowest density of 1.048 g/cm³ and maximum porosity up to 60%. The tensile strength test showed 0.4 (wt/wt%) of PEFB fibers reinforced with LDPE plastic waste had the highest tensile strength at 6.20 MPa that exerted 360.89 N of force. It can be concluded that the optimal composition for deck panel application is 0.4 (wt./wt.%) PEFB/LDPE polymer composites.

A CONCEPTUAL PAPER ON GUANXI CULTURE IN PRACTICE: UNPACKING RELATIONSHIP-DRIVEN SUPPLIER CHOICES IN CHONGQING'S LUXURY HOTEL SECTOR

2025-09-12T18:55:03+08:00

The study examines the impact of Guanxi — the traditional Chinese interpersonal relationship system — on high-end hotels' selection practice in Chongqing's luxury hotel industry. Guided by organizational and socio-cultural theories, this conceptual paper elaborates how Guanxi impacts procurement choice, trust relationships, risk management, and the sustainability of alliance partnerships with suppliers. The analysis is set in the context of a multi-theoretical framework, involving Confucian ethics, institutional theory, stakeholder theory, and social capital theory, in order to present a holistic understanding of institutionalizing Guanxi in hotel supply chain management. The paper concludes with practical implications for domestic and international business practitioners and emphasizes that future empirical studies are needed.

THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATION IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF MALAYSIA’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR

2025-09-30T15:31:46+08:00

This research investigates the relationship between the financial implications of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM). As organisations' operational costs continue to increase with challenging workforce management, AI becomes a transformative solution to streamline HR processes, reduce dependency on manual processes, and enhance cost efficiency. This research aims to explore how AI technologies can be effectively utilised to automate key HR functions such as talent acquisition, payroll administration, performance management, learning and development, thereby enabling better resource allocation and productivity. Grounded in theoretical frameworks including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), this research evaluates the perceived usefulness, strategic value, and return on investment of AI in HR. A mixed-methods approach is adopted, combining quantitative surveys and secondary data analysis with qualitative interviews to provide a comprehensive perspective on AI adoption outcomes. The findings are expected to offer actionable insights into the implementation strategies, benefits, and challenges of using AI in HR, especially in the context of the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The study aims to support HR decision-makers in adopting data-driven, cost-effective solutions that promote strategic agility. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader understanding of digital transformation in HR and underscores the potential of AI to improve financial performance, operational efficiency, and long-term organisational sustainability.

ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2025-08-14T12:23:43+08:00

This bibliometric analysis explores the evolving research landscape of “Adaptive Governance for Natural Resources Management,” a field that addresses the growing complexity and uncertainty in environmental management. Despite increasing attention, scholarly work on adaptive governance remains fragmented across disciplines, with limited synthesis of its intellectual development and thematic focus. This study aims to fill that gap by identifying key trends, influential contributions, and thematic structures within the literature. A targeted search was conducted using three keywords: “adaptive governance,” “adaptive management,” and “natural resource” in the Scopus database. After applying the inclusion criteria and performing data cleaning using OpenRefine, a total of 832 relevant documents were selected for analysis. The Scopus Analyzer was used to examine publication trends and citation metrics. At the same time, VOSviewer was used to generate visualizations of keyword co-occurrence, country collaboration, and authorship networks. The results reveal a steady increase in publication output over the last decade, with peaks in 2023 and 2024. Core research clusters focus on themes such as water governance, climate change, adaptive capacity, and sustainability. The United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom emerged as the most productive and influential countries. This study contributes to a clearer understanding of the field’s structure, highlights dominant research areas, and identifies opportunities for future interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance adaptive approaches to natural resource management.

A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON FOOD SECURITY DILEMMA IN MALAYSIA: AN OVERVIEW ON RUMINANT SUPPLY CHAIN PERSPECTIVE

2025-08-21T15:15:55+08:00

Food security has emerged as a critical concern in Malaysia, particularly within the context of the ruminant supply chain, where self-sufficiency levels remain low and dependency on imports continues to rise. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to understand the research landscape, trends, and gaps related to the food security dilemma in Malaysia, with a focus on the ruminant supply chain. The analysis aims to identify the evolution of scholarly output, key contributors, and thematic concentrations that can inform future research and policy direction. Using the keywords “Food Security,” “beef supply,” and “supply chain,” relevant literature was retrieved from the Scopus database, yielding a total of 4,460 publications. Data cleaning and standardization were performed using OpenRefine, followed by co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citation network visualizations and analysis using VOSviewer and the Scopus Analyzer tools. The results indicate a growing body of literature in the last decade, with increased interdisciplinary collaboration. However, despite the volume of publications, specific focus on Malaysia’s ruminant sector within the broader food security context remains limited. Major contributing countries include Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia, with institutions such as Universiti Putra Malaysia and Universiti Malaya being prominent in the field. The co-occurrence analysis highlights key themes such as sustainability, supply chain management, and livestock production. This study reveals a pressing need for targeted research efforts addressing local ruminant production challenges, including feed resource constraints, import dependency, and supply chain inefficiencies. In conclusion, while bibliometric insights affirm growing academic interest in food security, they also underscore the underrepresentation of Malaysia’s ruminant supply chain issues, thus pointing to vital areas for future investigation and policy intervention.

THE INFLUENCE OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT ON COST OF POOR QUALITY AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TURBINE GENERATOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

2025-09-19T16:45:56+08:00

Cost of poor quality (COPQ) has always had a negative image in the discussion of quality. This image, however, we contest, as GE has been using it as a tool for continuous improvement. COPQ can play a crucial role, as a lesson learned, in increasing continuous improvement effort in a company, consequently improving operational performance. This paper investigates the underlying role of COPQ, its effect on CI and the mediating role of CI in the relationship between COPQ and operational performance. A quantitative research approach utilizing a structured questionnaire gathered data from 375 personnel at GE. The collected data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. This study demonstrates that Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) significantly drives organizations to adopt Continuous Improvement (CI) initiatives, such as Lean and Six Sigma, to reduce inefficiencies and quality-related costs. CI serves as a mediator between COPQ and Operational Performance (OP), mitigating the adverse effects of poor quality and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. The findings highlight that reducing COPQ through CI strategies leads to enhanced operational performance, optimizing efficiency, productivity, and product quality. This study is one of the first to examine the impact of COPQ practices on continuous improvement and organizational performance within the selected turbine generator manufacturer in the context of global region. As such, it makes a valuable contribution to the literature by addressing calls to address competitiveness challenges in today's complex business environments. The results emphasize the necessity of a holistic approach to quality management, integrating COPQ considerations into CI strategies to optimize organizational performance. By elucidating these interactions, this research contributes to the broader discourse on quality management and CI, offering valuable insights for academia and industry. Simultaneously, the study's findings provide a foundation for future research and practical applications in diverse organizational contexts, reinforcing the need for proactive quality management strategies to enhance operational excellence.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA (2020–2024)

2025-08-14T14:20:42+08:00

Malaysia faces escalating disaster risks due to rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and climate change, necessitating an effective Disaster Risk Management (DRM) framework. This systematic review aims to analyze the present state of DRM in Malaysia, identify key challenges, and propose actionable recommendations for enhancing resilience. Malaysia’s increasing susceptibility to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and storms underscores the urgent need for a robust and inclusive DRM framework. A comprehensive literature search was performed via databases including Scopus and PubMed, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The research selected 40 publications from 2020 through 2024 after conducting a thorough screening according to established eligibility criteria. The findings were divided into three themes: (1) Disaster Preparedness and Community Adaptation, (2) Technological Approaches in DRM, and (3) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Natural Disasters. The analysis highlights critical gaps in institutional coordination, public awareness, and integrating Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into urban planning and policies. Malaysia has introduced early warning systems and community-based disaster preparedness programs yet inconsistent execution along with limited resources reduces their effectiveness. The review concludes that addressing these gaps requires a paradigm shift towards proactive, inclusive, and adaptive DRM approaches underpinned by robust policy frameworks, community engagement, and cross-sectoral partnerships. The obtained findings provide essential knowledge to enhance Malaysia’s disaster resilience for both policymakers, researchers and practitioners.

COCONUT COIR AS THERMAL INSULATION IN METAL MELTING FURNACES: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

2025-09-12T18:22:26+08:00

Extremely high temperature can cause severe harm and become a safety hazard. However, by insulating mini metal furnace can protect workers of heat hazard over time. This study was conducted to determine the effect of coconut coir in the outside temperature and humidity of a locally made metal melting foundry furnace. This established a process of constructing mini melting furnace with insulator using cement and cementitious waterproofing materials with coconut coir content. This investigates the effect on outside temperature and humidity using used lubricant oil as fuel. The mini metal furnace was an initial study of melting furnace, which was constructed by implementing various enhancements incorporating an additional element into the apparatus and was used to investigate the effectiveness of coconut coir in regulating the dispersion of high temperatures beyond the equipment. This involved applying a partial covering of coconut coir with cement and cementitious waterproofing in order to examine the impact on temperature and humidities in areas covered and uncovered by the insulator. Coating the mini metal melting furnace with a mixture of coconut husk powder and pozzolan cement introduces new features. Some areas of the furnace walls adjusted to 16.67% increase in thickness and an additional weight of 8.33%. Despite this, the total weight attributed to the coconut coir remains negligible. Other technical features of the furnace remain unchanged from the original design. During a brief period of burning using lubricant oil as fuel, the precision hygrometer and thermometer were used to measure the temperature and humidity in the air. it was noted that the outside temperature increased more rapidly in areas without insulator. Additionally, humidity displayed a swifter decrease in the uncovered areas than in the sections coated with insulator. However, the insulator ignited at extreme temperature and perfect humidity.

SKETCHING AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL FOR SHARED UNDERSTANDING IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

2025-09-27T21:16:25+08:00

Effective communication is essential for fostering shared understanding during the conceptual phase of automotive design, where ambiguity and rapid ideation are common. This study investigates how sketching functions as an effective communication tool in two different interaction modalities: silent (experimental group) and verbal (control group), to support team alignment and idea development. Eighteen Malaysian automotive designers were assigned to three-person teams and completed a two-stage task involving individual ideation followed by collaborative refinement. Using visual link analysis, the study evaluated design moves, refinement patterns, and the balance of contributions across both conditions. Silent groups exhibited more structured individual sketching behavior and greater refinement during the ideation stage, while verbal groups utilized spoken dialogue during collaboration to negotiate and align concepts. Although statistical differences were not significant, consistent behavioral trends emerged across conditions. These findings suggest that sketching operates as a flexible and self-sufficient communication medium, effectively bridging cognitive gaps regardless of verbal interaction. The study provides empirical evidence supporting sketching’s dual role as both an individual cognitive tool and a shared visual language in team-based design.

RESEARCH TREND ON THERMAL COMFORT IN E-HAILING VEHICLES IN MALAYSIA

2025-08-14T12:09:46+08:00

This bibliometric analysis explores the evolving research landscape on thermal comfort in vehicles, a topic gaining prominence due to its critical role in passenger satisfaction, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability in the transportation sector. Despite technological advancements in automotive climate control systems, thermal discomfort remains a significant concern, especially in the context of electric and shared mobility solutions. The problem is compounded by varying climatic conditions, user preferences, and the growing demand for sustainable transportation. Thus, to address this research gap, a comprehensive bibliometric study was conducted using data extracted from the Scopus database. A total of 2,526 publications were analyzed employing Scopus Analyzer for quantitative assessment, OpenRefine for data cleaning and normalization, and VOSviewer for visualizing co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic trends. The analysis spanned multiple dimensions, including publication trends by year, most cited works, leading contributing countries, and collaborative networks. Numerical results indicate a significant publication surge from 2023 to 2024, with China, Germany, and South Korea emerging as top contributors. Meanwhile, highly cited articles focus on Phase Change Materials (PCMs), personal comfort systems, and advanced thermal modeling techniques, underscoring the field’s technical diversity and interdisciplinary nature. Keyword analysis revealed a strong emphasis on terms such as “thermal comfort,” “vehicle climate,“energy efficiency,” and “smart mobility,” reflecting the convergence of engineering, environmental science, and user-centered design. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic overview of the scholarly contributions to vehicle thermal comfort research, identifying key areas of focus, influential authors, and emerging trends. The findings can guide future research and innovation in vehicle design, policy development, and the deployment of intelligent thermal management systems, ultimately contributing to more comfortable and energy-efficient transportation experiences.

EMERGING TRENDS IN RESEARCH LINKING MANAGERIAL SKILLS TO PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S CATTLE INDUSTRY

2025-08-21T14:45:58+08:00

This bibliometric analysis explores the research trends surrounding managerial skills and their impact on cattle industry performance in Malaysia. The cattle sector is a key component of the nation's agricultural sustainability and food security agenda; however, its growth remains constrained by challenges such as limited managerial competencies, inefficient resource allocation, and inconsistent performance outcomes. Despite the sector's strategic importance, scholarly attention to the role of managerial skills in enhancing cattle industry performance, particularly within the Malaysian context, has been relatively limited. This study aims to map the intellectual landscape, identify dominant research themes, and uncover gaps in the existing literature by analyzing publications related to the keywords "managerial skills," "performance," and "cattle industry." Data were retrieved from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2020 to 2025, to capture contemporary academic discourse. The initial search yielded 1699 documents, which were refined to 644 publications after applying inclusion criteria (English language and relevant subject areas). Data cleaning and normalization were performed using OpenRefine, while VOSviewer was employed to conduct co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, citation, and bibliographic coupling analyses. The results indicate a growing trend in publications over the selected period, with key research clusters centred on leadership development, operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, and rural entrepreneurship. However, only a small proportion of studies directly address the Malaysian cattle industry, highlighting a significant research gap. The findings provide a foundational understanding for academics, policymakers, and industry practitioners aiming to enhance cattle sector performance through targeted managerial skill development and strategic intervention.

ADVANCEMENTS IN LIGHTNING PHENOMENA UNDERSTANDING AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE

2025-09-19T16:23:19+08:00

This review examines recent developments in understanding lightning phenomena and the development of protection strategies to enhance infrastructure resilience. It begins with an overview of lightning types, waveforms, and energy transfer mechanisms, supported by emerging detection and characterization technologies, including Very High Frequency (VHF), optical detection, and Machine Learning (ML)-based predictive models. The paper examines the effects of lightning on infrastructure, including electrical discharge damage, thermal and mechanical degradation, and overvoltage scenarios, particularly in complex environments like urban and mountainous regions. Consequently, it discusses protection strategies, including advanced lightning protection devices, real-time monitoring tools, and system-level protective designs. Innovations such as adaptive, intelligent protection schemes leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and pattern recognition are analyzed for their potential to improve resilience. Practical case studies highlight successful applications in wind farms, power grids, and microgrids, with future trends focusing on material innovations and the impacts of climate change. Overall, the review underscores the importance of integrated, technologically advanced solutions and policy frameworks in mitigating lightning risks effectively. This ensures the safety and stability of critical infrastructure.

INTEGRATED LOGISTICS AND FOOD SAFETY: ENHANCING SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY IN MALAYSIA'S FOOD SERVICE INDUSTRY

2025-08-14T14:10:56+08:00

This study examines the relationship between logistic effectiveness, food safety compliance, and the performance of food service businesses in Malaysia. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, data was collected through structured questionnaires completed by 50 managers and decision-makers in the food service industry. The findings, analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SMARTPLS, reveal that logistic effectiveness has a positive but moderate direct impact on business performance. However, food safety compliance plays a significant mediating role, enhancing the influence of logistics on performance outcomes. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to combine strict food safety regulations with effective logistics to increase operational effectiveness and consumer satisfaction. The main recommendations center on closing gaps via supplier cooperation, cutting-edge technologies, and environmentally friendly procedures. This study advances our knowledge of how to optimize safety and logistics procedures to boost company success in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

RECENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTION OF AI-DRIVEN INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURE

2025-09-12T18:08:13+08:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the buzzword in today’s setting. It has penetrated various industries, making impacts to the ways in which business is carried out. One of the areas of increasing adoption of AI is the agricultural sector, in which AI-enabled innovations have contributed to increased productivity and enhanced plantation outputs. In this context, understanding the trajectory of these innovations requires a systematic analysis of technological development, particularly through patent activity. Hence, this paper examines recent trends in AI-driven innovations in agriculture by analysing data retrieved from Lens.org. Data was collected, filtered, categorised and analysed, the report of which is presented in this paper. The study found a sharp increasing trend of AI-driven patents being filed and granted in recent years, beginning in 2022 onwards, involving major institutes from the information technology (IT) and electronics. The findings of this study offer a comprehensive view of how AI is driving innovation in agriculture, highlighting key technological domains, emerging trends, and strategic implications for stakeholders. These insights can inform future research, policy development, and investment strategies aimed at fostering sustainable and technologically advanced agricultural systems.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PYROLYSIS BASED LIQUID FUEL CONVERSION FROM PLASTIC WASTE

2025-09-24T15:57:41+08:00

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste poses a pressing environmental and resource challenge, prompting the need for sustainable conversion technologies. Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising thermochemical route for transforming waste plastics into liquid fuels with potential to partially replace conventional fossil-derived fuels. However, progress in this domain remains fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on pyrolysis-based liquid fuel production from plastic waste, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Relevant studies were retrieved from two major databases—Web of Science and Scopus—using carefully constructed search strings, resulting in 26 primary studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings were synthesized into three thematic domains: (1) Catalyst Development and Catalytic Mechanisms in Pyrolysis, which highlights advances in catalyst formulation, active site engineering, and reaction pathway elucidation for enhanced product selectivity; (2) Process Optimization, Kinetics, and Mechanistic Studies, focusing on the impact of operating parameters, reactor configurations, and kinetic modelling on maximizing liquid fuel yields and process efficiency; and (3) Fuel Production, Engine Application, and Environmental Assessment, which evaluates fuel quality upgrades, engine performance compatibility, and potential environmental benefits in reducing waste volumes and greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis reveals that catalytic pyrolysis consistently delivers higher-quality liquid fuels, with several studies reporting yield improvements exceeding 20% over non-catalytic processes. Process parameter tuning and kinetic insights further contribute to efficiency gains and targeted hydrocarbon profiles. In conclusion, pyrolysis offers significant potential for sustainable plastic waste valorization, but future research should emphasize integrative approaches linking catalyst innovation, process optimization, and real-world application to achieve scalable, economically viable, and environmentally responsible solutions.

RESEARCH TREND ON EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING (ERP) FOR MAJOR HAZARD INDUSTRIES

2025-08-19T10:43:27+08:00

Emergency Response Planning (ERP) for major hazard industries has gained critical global attention due to the increasing frequency and severity of industrial accidents, natural disasters, and complex emergencies. Despite its significance, the academic landscape on this topic remains fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of existing research trends and intellectual structures. This study aims to bridge that gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of 1,291 relevant publications indexed in the Scopus database. Using Scopus Analyzer for data extraction, OpenRefine for data cleaning and normalization, and VOSviewer for visualization and network mapping, we systematically explored publication trends, prolific authors, leading countries, top-cited papers, and thematic clusters. The results demonstrate a significant growth in publications from 2015 to 2024, with China and the United States (US) emerging as the most productive contributors. Key research themes include logistics and resource optimization, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) deployment for emergency operations, multi-criteria decision-making frameworks, and the integration of artificial intelligence in response planning. Highly cited works reflect a strong interest in both technological advancements and policy-driven approaches. Furthermore, co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks reveal strong regional collaboration patterns and evolving research foci over time. This study highlights the interdisciplinary nature and expanding scope of ERP, emphasizing the need for greater international collaboration and integration of emerging technologies. In conclusion, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the development, current state, and future directions of research in ERP for major hazard industries. It also serves as a foundational reference for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

EXPLORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSORY COMPENSATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE

2025-09-19T16:03:06+08:00

The visually impaired population continues to grow at a steady rate each year. However, a review of current products developed for this population reveals significant shortcomings, including limited product variety, single-function designs, and a lack of innovation. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the sensory compensation mechanisms employed by visually impaired individuals. By systematically exploring the application of sensory compensation mechanisms in product design, this research seeks to overcome the limitations of existing assistive devices, which often only meet functional requirements and fail to align with the sensory information pathways of visually impaired users. The ultimate goal is to develop designs that optimise information transmission pathways, thereby reducing cognitive load during product use. This study employs literature review and market research methods to examine the characteristics of visually impaired individuals and the categories, cases, and shortcomings of existing assistive products for the visually impaired. It summarises the primary characteristics of visually impaired individuals and the perception methods of existing assistive products, conducts an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness and application of sensory compensation pathways, and provides insights for future empirical research and product design targeting visually impaired individuals.

LITERATURE REVIEW ON INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, GREEN INNOVATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S GREEN ECONOMY

2025-10-01T16:58:27+08:00

Against the backdrop of growing tensions among economic development, energy use, and environmental pollution, the green economy has become a core strategic path for China to achieve high-quality development and meet the "dual carbon" goals, with institutional quality and green innovation as key drivers. This paper reviews empirical studies on the links between the green economy, institutional quality, and green innovation, clarifying that green economic growth centers on the coordinated development of "economy-ecology-society" and uses green total factor productivity (GTFP) as a key evaluation indicator. It summarizes how green innovation boosts green economic growth at regional, enterprise & industrial, and international levels, along with the mediating paths, and analyzes the moderating effects of institutional quality on the relationship between the green economy and green innovation. The study notes shortcomings in existing literature, such as theoretical framework integration, institutional quality research dimensions, green technology transformation studies, regional heterogeneity analysis, and international comparisons. Thus, it proposes that future research should build a comprehensive theoretical framework for the three, deepen multi-dimensional institutional synergy research, enhance green technology transformation analysis, refine regional heterogeneity exploration, and expand international comparative studies to provide solid theoretical and practical support for China's green economy development.

RESEARCH TREND ON DIABETIC FOOT ULCER WOUND HEALING USING BIOFILM

2025-08-14T14:01:55+08:00

This bibliometric analysis explores the research trends on diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) wound healing using biofilm, a topic of increasing importance due to the growing prevalence of diabetes and the associated complications in wound management. DFUs represent a significant healthcare burden, and biofilm formation is recognized as a major barrier to effective healing. Despite the clinical relevance, the integration of biofilm-related strategies in DFU treatment remains an emerging field. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify publication patterns, influential contributions, and collaborative networks. The data search strategy employed three core keywords: “diabetic foot ulcer,” “wound healing,” and “biofilm.” Using the Scopus database and the search string TITLE (["diabetic foot ulcer" OR dfu OR dfus OR "foot ulcer" OR "diabetic foot wound" OR "chronic foot ulcer in diabetes"] AND ["wound healing" OR "skin healing" OR "wound dressing" OR "tissue repair" OR "tissue regeneration"] OR biofilm), a total of 366 relevant documents were retrieved. Data cleaning and standardization were performed using OpenRefine, while Scopus Analyzer and VOSviewer software facilitated bibliometric mapping and visualization. The results show a marked increase in publications over the last decade, with China, the United States, and India being the most prolific contributors. The most cited articles focus on advanced wound dressings, antimicrobial strategies, and the role of stem cells and hydrogels in biofilm disruption and tissue regeneration. Co-authorship analysis reveals strong collaborative networks among Western countries, while Asian nations show increasing research output with moderate international linkages. Popular keywords include “diabetic foot ulcers,” “wound healing,” “ulcer,” and “biofilm,” highlighting the field’s thematic focus. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, key contributors, and emerging directions in DFU wound healing research involving biofilms, offering valuable insights for researchers and clinicians alike.

MAPPING GLOBAL RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SUCCESS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

2025-09-04T09:17:12+08:00

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis titled "Mapping the Intersection of Construction Project Success: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends and Future Directions," aimed at identifying research patterns, key contributors, and emerging directions in the field of construction project management and project success. Despite the growing body of literature on this topic, a systematic overview of the intellectual structure and global trends remains limited. Addressing this gap, the study applies a rigorous data collection process using the Scopus database, guided by the search terms "construction project management" and "project success." The search was restricted to journal articles published in English between 2000 and 2025, resulting in a final dataset of 432 articles. The data was refined using OpenRefine to ensure consistency, while Scopus Analyzer and VOSviewer software were employed to map co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation networks. The results reveal that the keywords "construction industry," "critical success factors," "project success," and "project management" are the most frequently occurring, highlighting the dominant themes in the field. The United Kingdom, Malaysia, and Australia emerged as the top contributing countries, with notable citation impacts from regions like Hong Kong and Australia. Additionally, authorship and institutional collaboration patterns were examined, revealing productive scholars and influential affiliations. The analysis identifies gaps in geographical coverage and recommends further research in developing economies and emerging technologies. In conclusion, this study not only offers a structured insight into the evolution of construction project success literature but also proposes future research directions that can enhance global knowledge, support policy-making, and guide practitioners toward more effective project outcomes.

FOOD SECURITY AMONG WOMEN IN MALAYSIA: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-09-24T15:31:09+08:00

Food security remains a critical global challenge, with significant implications for health, economic stability, and social equity. In Malaysia, despite being an upper-middle-income country, food insecurity persists, particularly among vulnerable populations such as low-income households and women. Women, especially those in rural areas and female-headed households, are disproportionately affected due to socioeconomic disparities, cultural norms, and limited access to resources such as land, credit, and education. This comprehensive literature review examines the determinants, challenges, and impacts of food insecurity among women in Malaysia, using the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) framework of food security—availability, access, utilization, and stability. The review synthesizes existing research to identify key factors influencing food security, including economic constraints, educational disparities, and cultural barriers, as well as the health and nutritional impacts of food insecurity on women. It also evaluates the effectiveness of current government policies and interventions, such as the National Agro-Food Policy and food assistance programs, in addressing gender-specific challenges. The findings reveal significant gaps in gender-disaggregated data, policy evaluation, and research on marginalized groups, such as rural and indigenous women. This review highlights the need for gender-sensitive policies, community-based interventions, and innovative solutions to empower women and enhance food security. By addressing these challenges, Malaysia can move closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and improving the well-being of its population. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, including longitudinal studies and comparative analyses, to inform evidence-based policies and programs that promote equitable and sustainable food systems.

INVESTIGATION EFFECT OF DIAMETER HOLE INFLUENCE IN COMPRESSIBILITY INJECTION OF POLYURETHANE COMPOSITE DOPED WITH RUBBER WASTE

2025-08-17T16:52:26+08:00

This study investigates the effect of diameter holes (10mm and 20mm) representing cracks condition and injected with polyurethane doped with rubber waste (PUCR) in the grouting method to enhance soil stability in clay soil. The PU is mixed with rubber waste using one-shot method and then injected into clay samples. Rubber waste offers an economical and sustainable solution for geotechnical and geological engineering. The research aims to evaluate the FTIR of clay soil and settlement of clay samples for normal clay condition (NC), crack 10 mm condition (CC -10), Injected PUCR0 -10mm (IP0-10), injected PUCR7.5 -10mm (IP7.5-10), crack 20 mm condition (CC -20), Injected PUCR0 -20mm (IP0-20), injected PUCR7.5 -20mm (IP7.5-20). The one-dimensional oedometer test compared clay sample compression after being treated with PUCR injection at holes of different sizes and diameters. Consolidation tests underscore the influence of the polyurethane ratio on soil compressibility and settlement behaviour. The study demonstrates the interrelated nature of consolidation, compaction, and plastic index tests in predicting soil response to loading and moisture, providing a comprehensive foundation for further research and development in composite materials and geotechnical engineering. The findings offer valuable insights for future applications and environmental considerations.

PLANT-DERIVED BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2025-09-12T19:08:35+08:00

The global rise in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and dementia, has intensified research efforts to discover new therapeutic strategies, particularly those involving natural compounds. Medicinal plants have long been used in traditional medicine for treating cognitive and memory-related disorders. This study presents a bibliometric mapping analysis of research publications focused on neuroprotective bioactive compounds derived from plants. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database using predefined selection criteria. The analysis revealed a consistent upward trend in publication output since 2015, with a notable surge over the past five years, reflecting growing interest in plant-based neuroprotection. A total of 1,144 documents were identified, spanning 50 research areas and published in four languages. These publications originated from 106 countries, involving 1,936 organisations and 6,342 authors, and collectively received 27,681 citations. Moreover, 202 funding agencies were identified as contributors to this research domain. Network visualization uncovered a globally interconnected research landscape, with China, the USA, and European countries playing central roles. Meanwhile, collaborative efforts from Asia, Africa, and Latin America are increasingly visible, indicating emerging regional participation. The presence of these regional clusters suggests that research development may be influenced by linguistic, cultural, or funding-related factors. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and global dynamics of research on plant-based neuroprotective compounds.

CONCEPTUALIZING THE AUTOMATION MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AMONG SMEs

2025-09-30T15:43:38+08:00

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are essential to the growth of the world economy, particularly when it comes to gross domestic product (GDP) contributions, exports and employment. However, with the rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0), many SMEs face challenges in adopting Automation Manufacturing Technology (AMT) because of perceived complexity, insufficient technical expertise and financial limitations. AMT is still not widely used by SMEs, despite its potential advantages, which include higher efficiency, better product quality and lower costs. Using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study attempts to conceptualize the main factors driving AMT adoption and its effect on SME performance in Malaysia. Applying a quantitative approach, data will be collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to managerial-level staff in manufacturing SMEs located in Selangor. This study investigates technological (relative advantage, compatibility and cost), organizational (top management support), and environmental (competitive pressure and government support and policies) variables. Data analysis will be conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS to perform descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing and structural correlations analyses. The proposed conceptual model includes seven hypotheses linking TOE elements to AMT adoption and the relationship between AMT adoption and SME performance. The findings of this research are expected to offer valuable insights for academics, SME and policy makers by providing both a theoretical foundation and practical recommendations to AMT adoption. This study adds to the limited body of literature on AMT adoption in SMEs and calls for further empirical validation using quantitative and qualitative methods to expand knowledge and encourage technical development in the SME industry.

STRUCTURE REVIEW: SPATIAL BOUNDARIES IN FISHERIES GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICE

2025-08-14T12:33:49+08:00

This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) explores the significance of spatial boundaries in fisheries governance and management practice. Fisheries governance often relies on spatial demarcations, but challenges arise due to species migration, environmental changes, and human activities. The problem addressed in this review is the need for more effective existing spatial management strategies in ensuring sustainable fish populations. To address these challenges, a comprehensive search and analysis of peer-reviewed articles from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on research published between 2018 and 2024. The methodology followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a rigorous selection process, resulting in 26 high-quality studies being included in the final review. The findings were divided into three themes: (1) spatial governance and management in fisheries, (2) environmental drivers and species-specific behavior, and (3) technological and methodological fisheries research. The findings underscore the need for adaptive spatial boundaries that consider both ecosystem dynamics and socio-political factors. In conclusion, the review recommends dynamic spatial management practices that aim to strengthen governance frameworks and enhance conservation outcomes.

EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN ENHANCING CATTLE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA

2025-08-21T15:30:50+08:00

This bibliometric analysis investigates the research trend on supply chain risk management (SCRM) and its impact on the performance of the cattle industry in Malaysia. The cattle sector plays a critical role in the national food security agenda and agricultural sustainability yet remains vulnerable to various risks across the supply chain, including production, logistics, disease outbreaks, and market fluctuations. Despite its importance, the integration of SCRM strategies within the cattle industry has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to identify research patterns, gaps, and future directions by analyzing scholarly output related to the keywords "cattle," "agriculture," and "supply chain risk management performance." The Scopus database was used for data collection, while Open Refine was applied for data cleaning and standardization. Visualization and clustering of research themes were conducted using VOS viewer software. An initial total of 607 articles were retrieved, and after applying inclusion criteria limiting the scope to English-language publications from 2020 to 2025, a refined dataset of 355 articles was analyzed. The findings reveal a rising trend in publications during this period, with key research clusters focusing on risk mitigation strategies, supply chain resilience, and livestock productivity. However, there is limited focus specifically on the Malaysian context. This study contributes valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to strengthen cattle industry performance through targeted SCRM strategies.

EVALUATING THE COMPOSITION OF PALM DREGS FOR USE AS AN ENHANCEMENT MATERIAL IN GROUNDING SYSTEMS

2025-09-19T16:54:44+08:00

This study introduces palm dregs, leftovers from the palm oil industry, as an alternative, nature-based supplement for electrical grounding applications. The investigation focuses on whether palm dregs can lower the resistance of surrounding soil and stabilize ground resistance over a long time. This potentially exceeds the performance of commonly used chemical enhancers while posing fewer environmental risks. Meanwhile, the organic and moisture-absorbing features of palm dregs help preserve higher soil conductivity even under varying climate conditions. Furthermore, utilizing palm dregs may reduce the likelihood of soil or water pollution that can happen with chemical additives. Results indicate that palm dregs offer equal or superior electrical performance, cost, and ecological benefits, including faster decomposition and reduced negative impact on local ecosystems. At the same time, these findings suggest that agricultural by-products can be transformed into beneficial materials for engineering tasks, which supports more responsible planning and operation of grounding structures in power networks. Overall, demonstrating that an abundant waste product can replace standard chemical enhancers also supports wider movements toward eco-friendly and durable infrastructure solutions.

EFFECT OF SILANE COUPLING AGENT TREATMENT FOR PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AND BAMBOO FIBER

2025-08-14T14:47:49+08:00

Fiberglass is a synthetic material commonly used in construction, mainly for building and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, its use poses potential health and environmental risks. Bio-based materials such as palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) and bamboo fiber (BF) are promising natural insulation materials, providing a sustainable substitute to the frequently used fiberglass in HVAC ducting. The aim of this study was to characterize the physical and chemical properties of nonwoven bamboo fiber (BF) and Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB), both untreated and treated, as insulation materials for interior applications. The untreated BF and PEFB fibers, and the sample fibers treated with silane coupling agent, were subjected to physical characterization in terms of hydrophobicity using water contact angle (WCA), morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal decomposition using thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), chemical functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal conductivity. The results suggest that the treated PEFB and BF display higher water repellence, improved thermal stability, and acceptable thermal conductivity. Therefore, treated PEFB and BF using silane coupling agents have a high potential to sustainably substitute the conventional FG as insulator for HVAC systems.

RADIATION SHIELDING PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLE-LAYERED TIN-PDMS AGAINST 661.7 KEV GAMMA RAYS

2025-09-12T18:33:41+08:00

This study aims to investigate the ability of double-layered tin-PDMS composites to block gamma radiation at medium energy levels using Cs-137 (661.7 keV). Three composite series were fabricated, known as the PS, AS, and TM series, with different tin content and layer arrangements for observation purposes. Measurements are performed on two distinct irradiation surfaces of the series involving shielding parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth-value layer (TVL). Analysis reveals that the irradiation surface has a substantial impact on the shielding performance of the material. The highest RPE value was recorded for the TM6 composite with the alloy irradiation surface at 22.052%, with a LAC of 0.996 cm⁻¹, MAC of 0.187 cm²/g, HVL of 0.696 cm, and TVL of 2.311 cm. The TM6 exhibits exceptional shielding properties, which prove its capability as a potential radiation shielding material for medium-energy gamma ray protection applications. On the other hand, the RPEs for pure lead and pure PDMS were 48.863 and 5.502 percent, respectively. According to the results, various double-layer tin-PDMS material compositions have good promise for attenuation, and the TM6 arrangement may be helpful as a lighter and safer substitute for traditional lead shielding.

ACADEMICIAN AS A CATALYST IN MAINTAINING MALAYSIA'S CATTLE SUPPLY CHAIN INDUSTRY BASED ON THE QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL.

2025-09-30T15:22:09+08:00

This study explores the pivotal role of academicians in strengthening Malaysia’s cattle supply chain industry through the Quadruple Helix Model (QHM), which integrates academia, government, industry, and civil society. Despite policy efforts under initiatives such as the National Agro-Food Policy 2.0, the cattle sector faces structural weaknesses, low technological adoption, and limited youth involvement. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, academic researchers, government officials, industry players, and NGOs, and were analysed thematically alongside case studies of successful academic-industry collaborations. Findings reveal that while academia contributes significantly through research, innovation, and capacity building, these contributions often fail to translate into practice due to weak institutional linkages and poor communication. Many stakeholders reported that academic outputs are not easily accessible or applicable in operational contexts, while government policies frequently lack alignment with research agendas. However, evidence from successful case studies shows that cattle productivity, disease management, and sustainable practices improve notably when academia is actively engaged through technology trials, training, and collaborative projects. Although increasingly influential in shaping market preferences and sustainability norms, civil society remains underrepresented in formal decision-making. This underutilization of civil input and fragmented stakeholder collaboration limits the full realization of the QHM’s potential. The study concludes that strengthening communication, aligning policies with research, and integrating civil society into innovation processes are essential to leveraging academia’s catalytic role. A robust Quadruple Helix framework promises to enhance innovation diffusion, promote sustainable practices, and improve the resilience of Malaysia’s cattle supply chain, ultimately contributing to national food security goals.

FROM TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO IMPLEMENTATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF BEHAVIORAL BARRIERS IN URBAN CLIMATE ADAPTATION

2025-08-14T12:14:48+08:00

Cities are on the front lines of climate breakdown, but knowing what to do is not enough if people do not act. Meanwhile, engineering and nature-based strategies have been widely proposed. However, urban adaptation often stalls due to behavioral and institutional barriers that are harder to detect but equally critical. This study employs bibliometric analysis to trace the evolution of urban climate adaptation research from 2015 to 2025, with a specific focus on these non-technical impediments. A total of 820 peer-reviewed journal articles were retrieved from the Scopus database based on a title search containing “urban,” “climate,” and “adaptation.” Data were refined using OpenRefine and visualized through VOSviewer to map keyword co-occurrences, country-level trends, and collaborative networks. Results reveal a sharp rise in scholarly output, peaking in 2024, with a noticeable shift in thematic focus from infrastructure-based solutions to topics such as governance, justice, and institutional readiness. Frequently cited keywords include “vulnerability,” “governance,” and “behavioral barriers,” while leading contributions emerged from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. However, collaboration from Global South countries remains limited, despite an increase in publication activity. The findings highlight that many adaptations strategies falter not due to flawed design, but because of psychological resistance, ideological beliefs, or governance complexity. This paper underscores the importance of integrating behavioral science into climate policy and urban planning. By identifying where academic attention has concentrated and where critical gaps remain, the study contributes to the development of more inclusive and implementable climate resilience strategies. It calls for interdisciplinary approaches that move beyond technical fixes to fully engage with the human dimensions shaping urban climate action.

EXPLORING ACADEMIA’S ROLE IN ENHANCING THE RESILIENCE OF MALAYSIA’S CATTLE SUPPLY CHAIN THROUGH THE QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL

2025-08-21T15:01:13+08:00

This bibliometric study explores the role of academicians as catalysts in maintaining Malaysia's cattle supply chain industry through the lens of the Quadruple Helix model, which integrates academia, industry, government, and civil society. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, the research examines trends in scholarly publications from 2001 to 2025, focusing on productivity, subject areas, influential authors, and international collaborations. Data extracted from Scopus reveals a growing interest in the Quadruple Helix framework, with a significant surge in publications post-2020, particularly in fields such as Business, Management, and Accounting (19.7%), Social Sciences (15.4%), and Economics (12%). Notably, Agricultural and Biological Sciences remain underrepresented (1.7%), highlighting a critical research gap. The study identifies Elias G. Carayannis as the most cited author, emphasizing his foundational contributions to Quadruple Helix theory. Geographically, Indonesia leads in publications (11.08%), while Malaysia accounts for only 2.99%, underscoring the need for localized research. Keyword analysis reveals themes like sustainability, entrepreneurship, and innovation ecosystems, yet lacks an agriculture-specific focus. Co-authorship networks highlight strong European collaborations, with Malaysia showing emerging ties in Southeast Asia. The findings advocate for enhanced academic-industry-government-civil society partnerships to address challenges in Malaysia's cattle supply chain, offering a roadmap for future research and policy interventions.

ADVANCING ELECTRICAL GROUNDING SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE

2025-09-19T16:32:02+08:00

Electrical grounding systems for power systems are among the most vital means for fault current dissipation while preventing dangerous step and touch voltage gradients. It can also significantly affect the reliability and safety of the electrical systems. Grounding Enhancement Materials (GEMs) have been one of the pivotal components for optimizing the behavior of grounding systems in locales with increased soil resistivity or less-than-optimal environmental conditions. This review provides an overview of recent developments in GEMs based on conductive materials, such as bentonite, carbon-based composites, metal oxides, and unique electroactive and nanostructured polymers. It discusses their electrical, thermal, and environmental properties, emphasizing resistivity reduction, longevity, and environmental compliance. In addition, the review critiques existing GEM performance evaluation techniques at both lab-scale and field-scale conditions, as well as predictive models for GEM performance, such as linear regression and machine learning methods. Hurdles such as material degradation, environmental leaching, and cost-effectiveness are also covered to offer a neutral view of the present constraints and future perspectives. Lastly, the review focuses on some trends associated with sustainable and high-performance GEMs, showcasing the renewable opportunities of bio-based and hybrid materials by bottom-line green engineering principles. Overall, the synthesis is intended to share knowledge in selecting, designing, and implementing GEMs to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of various electrical systems that use grounding systems across applications.

ENHANCING ENGAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EDUCATION WITH MAR-SLS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING MOBILE AR

2025-08-14T14:14:52+08:00

The application of mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) has become a growing phenomenon, making this technology more accessible and integrated into the learning process, offering new opportunities to enhance learning experiences. This study explores the effectiveness of a custom-developed mobile AR Sketch Learning System (MAR-SLS), which is designed to support industrial design students in visualizing 3D product models, particularly during sketching and rendering tasks. A quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate the intervention. Student engagement and motivation were assessed using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), while performance was assessed by two senior lecturers from industrial design department. Independent samples t-tests was conducted to compare test scores between two groups. Results revealed that students using MAR-SLS scored significantly higher (p<0.05) across all IMMS dimensions (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction), performance, and engagement compared to those in the control group. These findings suggest that MAR technology, as implemented through MAR-SLS, can effectively enhance student engagement and motivation. Educators should consider pedagogical strategies when integrating such technologies into the curriculum to maximize learning outcomes.

PLANNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: UNLEASHING INNOVATION IN DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

2025-09-12T18:13:25+08:00

This article examines Malaysia's digital transformation in development management, emphasizing advanced software tools like GIS, SPDSS, and I-Plan. It assesses how these technologies are transforming urban and regional planning, improving decision-making, fostering stakeholder engagement, and supporting sustainability. Thorough desk research and literature review, the article analyzes the use, effectiveness, and challenges of digital tools in Malaysian planning. It finds that while GIS and SPDSS enhance spatial data analysis and scenario simulation, and iPlan aids coordination and data access, their adoption faces obstacles like technological gaps, data fragmentation, financial limitations, and institutional resistance.The study concludes that leveraging AI and emerging technologies is crucial to address current limitations and foster smarter, inclusive, and efficient development management. The article suggests comprehensive strategies to tackle implementation challenges, positioning Malaysia to better integrate its planning systems with Industry 4.0 and sustainable development goals.

A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF LASER ENGRAVING PARAMETERS ON BURNING DEPTH AND ACCURACY IN HARDWOOD MATERIALS

2025-09-24T16:32:44+08:00

This systematic literature review investigates the influence of laser engraving parameters on burning depth and engraving accuracy in hardwood materials, addressing a growing demand for precision manufacturing in both industrial and artisanal applications. Despite the increasing adoption of laser engraving for hardwood processing, inconsistencies in thermal interaction, surface finish, and dimensional precision remain prevalent due to variable wood characteristics and parameter settings. To address this gap, the review applied the PRISMA protocol to systematically identify, screen, and synthesize relevant studies from two reputable databases, Scopus and ScienceDirect. A total of 12 primary studies met the inclusion criteria, spanning various hardwood species and processing conditions. Thematic analysis of the literature revealed three dominant research clusters: (1) Surface Modification and Material Enhancement, focusing on treatments such as thermal, chemical, and surface activation methods to optimize engraving quality; (2) Combustion Behavior and Burning Characteristics, examining ignition thresholds, flame spread, and charring patterns as determinants of burning depth and thermal stability; and (3) Thermal and Heat Transfer Properties, emphasizing the role of conductivity, diffusivity, and fiber orientation in governing heat penetration and engraving precision. Numerical synthesis of reported findings indicates that optimized laser parameters, in conjunction with wood-specific modifications, can significantly reduce overburning while enhancing dimensional accuracy. Furthermore, combustion-resistant species and modified surfaces demonstrated up to 25–40% improvement in engraving definition under controlled parameter settings. The review concludes that effective parameter optimization must integrate species-specific thermal behavior with tailored pre-treatments to achieve consistent burning depth and high engraving accuracy. These insights provide a knowledge base for developing predictive models and best-practice guidelines for precision laser processing of hardwoods, bridging the gap between material science and advanced manufacturing applications.