INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (IJIREV)

BARRIERS TO DIGITAL PLATFORM BUSINESS ADOPTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-03-18T12:46:38+08:00

The digital revolution is rapidly reshaping global business operations and environments, with digital platform business models emerging as a powerful force for promoting innovation and economic interaction in this changing ecosystem. However, Malaysia's industrial sector displays a complex situation in which certain industries demonstrate a slower adoption rate, and this phenomenon varies across different industries. This study is thus conducted to examine the barriers to adopting the digital platform business model and recommend appropriate actions to policymakers. To achieve this objective, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted that analyses and synthesizes the existing studies relevant to the issue investigated. Three categories of barriers emerged from the SLR: personal, technological, and organizational. This study provides insights for overcoming adoption barriers and enhancing understanding of digital platform business acceptance. The implications highlight the need for user-centric digital platform design and industry-specific adoption strategies, emphasizing technology simplification and alignment with industry norms.

THE ROLE OF LEAN SIX SIGMA AND DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATIONS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY GOALS IN LOGISTICS: REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS AND MINIMIZING WASTE

2025-03-02T09:39:49+08:00

Sustainability has emerged as a pivotal concern in logistics, propelled by the necessity to diminish carbon emissions, lessen waste, and enhance resource efficiency. This article explore the amalgamation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) as a collaborative method for attaining sustainability objectives in logistics by utilizing the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. LSS gives a systematic approach for recognising and eradicating waste, whereas DES provides a dynamic modelling instrument to simulate and enhance logistical processes. This study illustrates, through an examination of recent research and case studies, how the integration of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) may augment logistical sustainability by enhancing efficiency, minimising environmental impact, and facilitating decision-making. The results underscore the efficacy of this comprehensive methodology in tackling critical issues in sustainable logistics, including carbon footprint reduction, energy efficiency, and waste minimisation.

EVALUATION OF GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION SPRAY MORPHOLOGY FOR VARIES INJECTION PRESSURE USING DISCRETE PHASE MODEL (DPM) APPROACH

2025-04-06T08:26:09+08:00

Gasoline fuels are a primary fuel that is used widely in engine applications. However, it has contributed to carbon dioxide and particulate matter which led to greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers have conducted many studies to overcome this emission and improve engine fuel injection. These include altering the injection timing, optimizing the fuel-air mixture, and developing advanced technologies such as direct and multi-point injection systems. This study uses the Computational Fluid Domain approach to analyze the spray pattern and characteristics of gasoline direct injection into an engine chamber at different injection pressures. This simulation setup using Ansys Fluent will apply the discrete phase model and a realizable k-epsilon viscous model. The injection pressure varies at 40 bar, 120 bar, 200 bar, and 300 bar. From this simulation study, the high injection pressure of up to 300 bar produces more extended spray penetration and finer droplet atomization. The results demonstrated that direct fuel injection with high injection pressure can contribute to better fuel-air mixing and reduce carbon emissions.

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF AGRO-WASTE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT, AND THERMALLY INSULATING BUILDING MATERIALS

2025-03-18T11:59:51+08:00

The construction industry is grappling with significant challenges due to the rapid expansion of urban populations and the resultant depletion of natural resources critical for producing construction materials. Overexploitation of resources such as natural and river sand, alongside agricultural by-products like paddy husks and sugarcane residues, has raised serious sustainability concerns. This review investigates the potential of groundnut shells and their derivatives as sustainable alternatives to conventional construction materials, including cement, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates. It offers a detailed analysis of their physical properties, chemical composition, and environmental benefits, highlighting their applications in thermal insulation, lightweight construction, and sustainable building practices. The advantages of incorporating Agro-waste, such as reduced embodied energy, cost efficiency, and improved thermal insulation, are underscored, while challenges like the absence of standardized regulations and material quality inconsistencies are also addressed. Additionally, the review evaluates the physical, thermo-mechanical, methodological, and ecological impacts of Agro-waste, emphasizing its commercial viability and contributions to energy security. By providing valuable insights for researchers and professionals in construction, waste management, sustainable development, and recycling, this review aims to advance Agro-waste standards and foster sustainable construction practices.

ADVANCES IN FISH TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES FOR AQUACULTURE: OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND SHAPING FUTURE RESEARCH

2025-02-08T18:30:04+08:00

Aquaculture is essential for developing countries to have food security and for fishermen's socioeconomic conditions to improve. Fish tracking is essential to intelligent fish farming since it helps with health assessments, behavior monitoring, and water quality maintenance. However, high individual resemblance, rapid movement, and occlusions from foam in tanks provide obstacles for multi-object fish tracking. This paper explores the level of digital technology in aquaculture today, emphasizing systems based on vision, acoustics, and biosensors. It draws attention to the benefits, drawbacks, and uses of various technologies while highlighting important areas that require more study. Development is still hampered by a lack of extensive fish datasets and standardized evaluation techniques. We outline future research possibilities and move into advanced deep learning techniques like tracking-by-detection and merging deep features with correlation filtering to address these issues. We also give an overview of pre-deep learning fish tracking systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of fish tracking technologies and outlines potential avenues for advancing research and technology in aquaculture.

LOW POWER CONSUMPTION FOR O2 AND CO GASES MEASURING BASED IoT SYSTEM AT CONFINED SPACE AREA

2025-04-06T08:15:42+08:00

Confined spaces such as tanks pose significant risks to workers due to limited airflow and hazardous gas accumulation. Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA in confined space requirement mentioned the oxygen (O₂) concentration for confined spaces is typically between 19.5% and 23.5%, while carbon monoxide (CO) levels should remain below 5 ppm to ensure a safe working environment. The absence of real-time monitoring increases the potential for accidents and threats to worker safety based on. With real-time monitoring, the standby person (SP) can stay more alert to gas concentrations in the confined space and helping to respond quickly to any dangerous changes. This study aims to develop a portable device for low power consumption gas measurement system for O₂ and CO using Internet of Things (PCGIoT) technology that providing remote monitoring capabilities to ensure safety. The system's performance was analysed of its power consumption and demonstrating its ability to deliver accurate, real-time data. The results demonstrate the system's ability to effectively monitor gas levels in confined spaces to ensuring safety by detecting changes in carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O₂) concentrations. The findings demonstrate that by detecting variations in CO and O₂ concentrations, the system can efficiently monitor gas levels in tight places to guarantee safety. O₂ concentrations often fall as CO levels rise. This has a track record of using the Internet of Things. Additionally, because PCGIoT devices use very little current, batteries last for around 40 hours, making it a good option for continuous monitoring while reducing exposure to hazardous gas levels and all the hazards that come with it. With data accessible remotely, the device provides the most practical way to continually monitor gas safety for workers in restricted spaces.

NAVIGATING RISKS IN HALAL SUPPLY CHAINS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENSURING COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY

2025-03-18T11:33:39+08:00

The growing demand for Halal products in global markets underscores the critical importance of Halal supply chain management (HSCM) in ensuring compliance, integrity, and consumer trust. However, maintaining Halal integrity throughout the supply chain remains a significant challenge due to various risk factors, logistical barriers, and the absence of robust governance mechanisms. This study aims to comprehensively explore the risk factors affecting Halal logistics and food integrity, analyze the barriers to effective HSCM, and evaluate potential strategies to address these challenges. To achieve these objectives, the study employed a systematic and data-driven approach, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed journal articles, case studies, and industry reports. This method enabled the identification of key risk dimensions, including production-related risks, contamination during logistics, and inadequate traceability systems. Additionally, the study examined barriers such as resistance from logistics service providers, limited customer demand for Halal-compliant practices, and insufficient infrastructure to support Halal logistics operations. Emerging technologies, particularly blockchain, were also explored as potential enablers of transparency, traceability, and trust in the Halal supply chain. The findings reveal that production-related risks are the most critical, while sustainability risks are comparatively less significant. Practical implications include the need for supply chain managers to prioritize risk mitigation efforts, policymakers to develop standardized guidelines, and certification bodies to streamline Halal certification processes. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, such as the reliance on secondary data and the lack of empirical validation across diverse regions. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners by offering a structured understanding of the complexities in HSCM and highlighting opportunities for future research and technological integration to ensure Halal integrity in global supply chains.

FROM COMPLIANCE TO TRANSPARENCY: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REPORTING PRACTICES

2025-05-06T15:19:01+08:00

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) reporting is often treated as a compliance exercise rather than a tool for transparency and continuous improvement, leading to superficial disclosures that fail to enhance workplace safety. This conceptual study proposes a framework to shift OSH reporting from compliance-driven to transparency-focused practices. The framework emphasizes regulatory adherence, voluntary disclosure, stakeholder engagement, digital integration [e.g., blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI)], and accountability mechanisms. A qualitative methodology was employed, synthesizing literature to address gaps such as the lack of standardized frameworks, resource constraints, cultural resistance, and inconsistent enforcement. Key findings reveal that transparency-focused reporting significantly improves safety outcomes, with organizations achieving substantial reductions in workplace accidents. Stakeholder engagement enhances hazard identification, while digital tools increase data credibility. The study highlights the transformative potential of integrating technology and participatory governance to bridge compliance and transparency gaps. The framework offers actionable strategies for organizations and policymakers, advocating for harmonized standards, cultural adaptability, and scalable technological solutions. Future research should explore cultural influences, evaluate digital tools in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), and assess regulatory impacts. By adopting this framework, organizations can foster safer workplaces, build stakeholder trust, and achieve long-term resilience. The study underscores that moving beyond compliance to transparency is both a strategic necessity and an ethical imperative for sustainable OSH practices.

ENHANCING OIL PALM FRUIT DETECTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YOLO ALGORITHMS

2025-02-08T17:56:02+08:00

The oil palm industry is pivotal in agricultural research because of its importance. The central focus of this study, however, revolves around elevating cutting-edge intelligent techniques in agriculture, specifically for the improved detection of Fresh Fruit Bunches within oil palm plantations. Moreover, Malaysia’s economic impact on oil palm production is explored, emphasizing its position as a leading producer and exporter of palm oil. The study compares and corroborates the performances among a series of YOLO algorithm models, namely YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8, by exploiting diverse essential metrics that embrace mean Average Precision, precision, recall, and F1-score. Through the rigorous evaluations of these models, the research contributes to the precision agricultural field, underscoring the superior performance of YOLOv8 in accurately detecting FFBs and facilitating its realization of advanced computer vision techniques for optimal oil palm plantation management and enhanced productivity.

TREND EVALUATION ON WASTE PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR FISH FEED: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2025-04-06T08:04:58+08:00

Due to the need for sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture feed solutions, waste products are being studied as fish feed alternatives. Moreover, considering the environmental concerns and the depletion of fishmeal resources, agricultural residues, industrial by-products, and organic waste are being investigated as feed ingredients. Scopus and VOSviewer data will be employed to assess this emerging field's research trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks, as well as to map keyword and co-authorship networks in 1,236 publications from 2014 to 2024. A significant increase in publications occurred after 2017, with the highest research output between 2021 and 2023. China, Indonesia, and the United States (US) lead in publications and citations, indicating a global focus on sustainable aquaculture. The analysis also highlights keywords like "animal feed," "waste management," "biomass," and "sustainability," indicating a strong focus on waste product valorisation for feed quality. The findings reveal international collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach integrating environmental science, agricultural technology, and nutritional evaluation. Due to resource efficiency and environmental sustainability, waste-derived feed alternatives are becoming more popular. This study sheds light on current research, suggests future directions, and emphasises the need for innovation in waste-based feed solutions for aquaculture.

EXTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF GLOBAL SUKUK ISSUANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-03-13T12:02:04+08:00

The global sukuk market has experienced significant growth as a Shariah-compliant alternative to conventional bonds, yet its development is influenced by various external determinants. Despite considerable research on sukuk issuance, existing literature is fragmented, often analyzing macroeconomic, institutional, and financial factors in isolation. Additionally, the impact of external shocks, such as geopolitical risks and the COVID-19 pandemic, on sukuk issuance remains underexplored. This study aims to achieve three key objectives by systematically reviewing the external determinants of global sukuk issuance, analyzing past empirical studies, and examining critical themes, including geopolitical uncertainties and economic disruptions. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology using Scopus AI, ensuring a structured approach to data selection, thematic classification, and synthesis of findings. Relevant academic sources were identified based on keywords such as "sukuk issuance determinants," "macroeconomic factors and sukuk," and "market risks in sukuk issuance," with a focus on high-impact journals from the past two decades. Findings reveal that macroeconomic stability, regulatory clarity, and investor confidence play crucial roles in sukuk market development. Institutional determinants, such as governance quality and regulatory frameworks, significantly shape market accessibility, while financial factors, including market liquidity and risk exposure, influence sukuk pricing and issuance decisions. External shocks, including geopolitical risks and the COVID-19 pandemic, have also impacted sukuk market stability and investor sentiment. Theoretically, this study consolidates fragmented research into a unified framework, improving the understanding of sukuk market dynamics. Practically, it provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and investors seeking to optimize sukuk issuance strategies and mitigate risks. Despite its contributions, the study is limited by its reliance on secondary data and variations in sukuk market structures across jurisdictions. Future research should incorporate empirical modeling to quantify the direct impact of external determinants on sukuk issuance, particularly in evolving global economic conditions.

VOICE-ACCESSIBLE IOT HYDROPONIC MONITORING FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED INDIVIDUAL

2025-05-05T12:28:20+08:00

This paper presents the development of a voice-accessible IoT hydroponic monitoring system, specifically designed for individuals with visual impairments. Visually impaired individuals often face challenges in managing hydroponic systems due to the reliance on visual indicators for monitoring parameters such as water levels, nutrient concentrations, and plant health. The lack of accessible tools to interpret these parameters hinders their active participation in modern agriculture. To address these limitations, the integration of sustainable hydroponics with IoT technologies in this project offers an inclusive and empowering experience. The system's hardware comprises ESP32 microcontrollers that collect data and manage devices, alongside water level and TDS sensors to assess critical parameters such as water availability and nutrient concentration. Environmental sensors monitor temperature and humidity to support precise climate regulation, while automatic water pumps manage irrigation, promoting optimal plant growth with minimal operator intervention. A key component of the system is a website designed for real-time data reporting that is accessible to blind individuals. This allows users to remotely access vital agricultural data and understand their system’s performance. To further enhance accessibility, the web interface integrates voice-assistive technology, delivering audio feedback on essential parameters such as water levels, fertilizer concentration, temperature, humidity, and plant development stages. The voice-activated interface empowers blind users to manage their hydroponic systems independently through intuitive audio commands. This initiative, funded by the Sarawak Branch of the Society of the Blind, Malaysia, in collaboration with Politeknik Kuching and supported by Sarawak's Information Technology and Communication Department, highlights the potential of IoT to bridge accessibility gaps. Beyond technological innovation, the project equips visually impaired individuals with practical skills, promotes autonomy, and creates sustainable income opportunities. It emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts in developing inclusive, community-centered solutions. By leveraging IoT and voice-accessible technologies, the initiative not only removes barriers but also fosters social inclusion and demonstrates the transformative power of technology in agriculture and beyond.

ENHANCING ISLAMIC FINANCE LITERACY: EXPLORING THE PERSPECTIVES ON E-LEARNING TO IMPROVE THE MALAYSIAN TAKAFUL INDUSTRY

2025-03-20T10:57:51+08:00

As the landscape of education evolves rapidly in today’s world, technology plays an increasingly important role in delivering information and acting as a crucial tool in teaching and learning. E-learning, is one of the prominent tools in enhancing accessibility, flexibility, and engagement in various educational settings, offering an abundance of opportunities for both learners and educators. However, there has been a gap in knowledge regarding the availability of interactive e-learning materials for Islamic finance education, particularly in the Takaful industry. By examining findings from previous research, this study seeks to address the viewpoints of e-learning in the Islamic finance industry. The outcome of this study is to identify the challenges of implementing e-learning in Islamic finance, the level of acceptance, and user satisfaction of utilizing this method of education. It also aims on evaluating the quality of service as well as critical success factors of e-learning platforms. This study uses narrative review and focus group discussion, which synthesize the concept in the study and identify the design factors for e-book development. This research seeks to improve Islamic financial literacy in Malaysia by high-lighting the significance of employing interactive e-learning materials such as e-books in the Islamic finance sector, within the Takaful industry.

DESIGN CONCEPT: PORTABLE SPECTROSCOPY USING OPTICAL LIGHT PROPAGATION FOR RAPID LIQUID-BASED SENSING APPLICATION

2025-03-02T09:56:12+08:00

Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy is a technique used to measure the intensity of light absorbed after passing through a sample solution. UV-VIS spectroscopy analyses samples using light within the ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges. Compared to other methods, this technique is non-invasive and less complex. However, current spectrometers are often bulky and not portable. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to design a portable Arduino-based spectroscopy system for liquid-based solutions and to integrate a motorised XY-axis into the proposed system. The spectroscopy setup includes a light source, Arduino, light sensor, stepper motor, gears, and pulleys. The XY-axis table was designed to adjust the optical light position, thereby improving measurement accuracy. Additionally, the dimensions of each component were identified, and the motorised structure of the XY-axis table was designed using 3D modelling. The proposed design is small, with dimensions of 16.5 cm (L) x 14 cm (W) x 13 cm (H). The experiment results on Kelulut honey showed that the average peak wavelength matched market spectroscopy values. The different XY-axis positions improved accuracy, making the system compact, portable, and motorised.

PENGGUNAAN PASIR SILIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN GANTIAN PASIR DALAM PENGHASILAN BATA SIMEN

2025-04-07T14:03:02+08:00

Pasir silika mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan dalam industri pembinaan seperti pembuatan lantai, mortar, jubin bumbung, campuran asfalt, serta sebagai agregat dalam konkrit bagi meningkatkan kekuatan dan ketahanan terhadap tekanan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kadar penyerapan air dan kekuatan mampatan bata simen dengan menggunakan bahan gantian pasir silika 0%, 7%, dan 10%, dengan nisbah bancuhan 1:6. Sample kajian berukuran 215mm × 103mm × 65mm dihasilkan menggunakan acuan kayu dan diuji melalui ujian resapan air dan kekuatan mampatan pada hari ke 7 dan 14. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bata ubah suai dengan 7% pasir silika memiliki kadar resapan air tertinggi, 17.09% dan 16.87% .Bata dengan 10% pasir silika mencatat 14.32% dan 14.11%, manakala sampel kawalan (0%) merekod 14.08% dan 13.41% masing-masing pada hari ke 7 dan 14. Ini membuktikan bahawa bata ubah suai 7% dan 10% dapat mengurangkan kadar resapan air sebanyak 0.22% dan 0.21% dalam tempoh 7 hari, namun masih tidak memenuhi standard MS 7.6:1972 maksimum 7%. Ujian kekuatan mampatan menunjukkan bata ubah suai 7% pasir silika mencatat 1.93 N/mm² dan 2.05 N/mm² pada hari ke-7 & 14, meningkat sebanyak 0.12 N/mm² dalam 7 hari. Namun, nilai ini masih di bawah standard MS 7.6:1972 iaitu 5.2 N/mm². Namun, pasir silika berpotensi digunakan dalam penghasilan bata simen dengan pengubahsuaian bagi memenuhi piawaian yang ditetapkan sebagai bahan gantian.

Silica sand has various uses in the construction industry such as flooring, mortar, roof tiles, asphalt mixtures, as well as an aggregate in concrete to increase strength and resistance to pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the water absorption rate and compressive strength of cement bricks by using 0%, 7%, and 10% silica sand substitutes, with a mixing ratio of 1:6. The study sample measuring 215mm × 103mm × 65mm was produced using a wooden mould and tested through water diffusion and compressive strength tests on days 7 and 14. The results showed that modified bricks with 7% silica sand had the highest water absorption rates, 17.09% and 16.87% respectively. Bricks with 10% silica sand recorded 14.32% and 14.11%, while control samples (0%) recorded 14.08% and 13.41% on days 7 and 14 respectively. This proves that 7% and 10% modified bricks can reduce water diffusion rates by 0.22% and 0.21% within 7 days, yet still do not meet the MS 7.6:1972 standard of a maximum of 7%. Compressive strength tests showed 7% modified bricks of silica sand recorded 1.93 N/mm² and 2.05 N/mm² on days 7 & 14, increasing by 0.12 N/mm² in 7 days. However, this value is still below the MS 7.6:1972 standard of 5.2 N/mm². However, silica sand has the potential to be used in the production of cement bricks with modifications to meet the standards set as a substitute material.

KAJIAN PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN KURSUS WORK BASED LEARNING DI KELAS YANG BESAR DI POLITEKNIK METRO JOHOR BAHRU

2025-03-18T12:12:05+08:00

Kursus Work Based Learning (WBL) di Kelas Yang Besar bermaksud kelas yang mempunyai bilangan pelajar yang ramai iaitu melebihi 30 orang. Ianya mungkin kos efektif untuk sesebuah institusi pendidikan, tetapi sebenarnya, memberikan banyak kelemahan, termasuk kadar ketidakhadiran pelajar dan kegagalan hantar tugasan dan akhirnya kurang minat untuk belajar. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mereka bentuk semula kursus WBL Procurement in Logistics untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran pelajar menerusi kaedah kolaboratif, bergantung dan berdikari (dependent, and independent learning) , dengan memperkenalkan tiga perubahan: tutorial wajib dengan aktiviti pembelajaran aktif; konsistensi dalam pengajar kursus; dan kuiz dalam talian. Cadangan reka bentuk ini telah diuji oleh sekumpulan 50 orang pelajar Diploma Pengurusan Logistik dan Rantaian Bekalan di Politeknik METrO Johor Bahru yang mengikuti kursus WBL Procurement in Logistics. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menilai kesan perubahan ini ke atas tiga hasil pembelajaran: pertama; pencapaian purata markah akhir dalam menjelaskan proses perolehan logistik dan prosedur yang dilaksanakan oleh organisasi, kedua; mengetahui penentuan harga dan mengurus kualiti perolehan dalam logistik; ketiga; tindak balas mengenai etika dan tanggungjawab sosial terhadap isu perolehan. Data kajian dianalisis melalui laporan hasil pembelajaran kursus menggunakan sistem i exam spmp. Hasil penemuan kajian, menunjukkan ianya memberi kesan positif kepada semua hasil pembelajaran, terutamanya disebabkan peningkatan kehadiran semasa tutorial. Peningkatan yang paling ketara berlaku untuk pembelajaran pelajar iaitu mencatat pencapaian melebihi 70% berbanding sasaran Jabatan Akademik, PMJB iaitu 50%.

The Work Based Learning (WBL) course in the Large Class means a class with a large number of students, more than 30 people. It may be cost-effective for an educational institution, but in fact, many disadvantages, including student absenteeism and failure to submit assignments and ultimately lack of interest in learning. This study was conducted to redesign the WBL Procurement in Logistics course to improve student learning outcomes through collaborative, dependent, and independent learning methods, by introducing three changes: mandatory tutorials with active learning activities; consistency in course instructors; and online quizzes. This design proposal was tested by a group of 50 Diploma in Logistics and Supply Chain Management students at METrO Johor Bahru Polytechnic who enrolled the WBL Procurement in Logistics course. This study was carried out by evaluating the impact of these changes on three learning outcomes: first; the achievement of the average final score in explaining the logistics procurement process and procedures implemented by the organization, second; knowing pricing and managing procurement quality in logistics; third; responses on ethics and social responsibility to procurement issues. Research data is analyzed through course learning results reports using the i exam spmp system. The findings of the study show that it has a positive effect on all learning outcomes, especially due to increased attendance during tutorials. The most significant increase occurred in student learning which recorded an achievement of more than 70% compared to the target of the Academic Department, PMJB which is 50%.

A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDELINES HOW TO CONDUCT A WEBOMETRIC ANALYSIS: MAPPING ANALYSIS THE DIGITAL WEBSITE

2025-03-02T09:24:42+08:00

This study aims to provide a step-by-step guideline on how to conduct a webometric analysis. The Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education’s website has been analyzed using SEO tools provided by SimilarWeb from October to December 2023. An analysis will be conducted based on indicators such as website traffic, engagement overview, visits over time, geography analysis, social traffic, age and gender distribution. According to the study, 1.580 million visitors visited the website https://www.mohe.gov.my (Malaysia). A strong global rank of #124,482 has been achieved and an impressive country ranking of #1,437 has been achieved. In terms of traffic share, the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education’s website (mohe.gov.my) maintains a dominating position at 78.88%. Social traffic analysis revealed that YouTube accounted for 35.22% of all traffic. There is a slightly higher proportion of females than males, with 63.72% compared with 36.28%. The age distribution shows that the largest percentage is found in the 25-34 age group, accounting for 24.70% of the total. The findings will provide and contribute insights into the digital presence and impact of the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education’s website, offering opportunities for improvement and development.

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM FOR SOIL MOISTURE LEVEL DETECTOR

2025-04-06T08:20:13+08:00

This paper is to aim in designing a system which is capable of detecting moisture level in the soil and capable of taking the decision of switching ON/OFF water pump in irrigation system. The microcontroller, Arduino forms the heart of the device for detecting the moisture in the soil and is programmed with the Arduino software. This project involves the development an automatic watering system that utilizes sensor that determines soil moisture level and water level designator additionally its pumping system that aims to distribute the needed water predicated on the assigned soil moisture value. The reading of the soil sensor is above 70%, the water pump will turn off, and when it is below 70%, the water pump will turn on until the soil sensor reading returns to normal. As a result of this project, the prototype successfully operated in line with the simulation. As the results at 1pm, 4^th June 2024 with temperature 28^oC, humidity is 73% the higher volume of water is 5.5ml with 5-minute water pumps was on. Next, the results for solar PV as main supply, the high output voltage is 14.8V at 2pm, 14^th and 16^th June 2024. As conclusion, this project has successfully achieved all the stated objectives and performs its desired functions, such as measuring humidity levels, temperature values, and soil moisture levels. This innovative system enhances plant care by providing users with real-time data and potential also ensuring optimal growing conditions and convenience for plant conditions.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR MUSLIM-FRIENDLY ACCOMMODATION

2025-03-18T11:46:24+08:00

Muslim Friendly Accommodation (MFA) is considered a new direction to capture the market among Muslim travellers. Consecutively, service quality is a significant concept related to consumer behaviour and is intertwined with behavioural intentions and satisfaction. The relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction is an important strategy because MFA has become an alternative way for the tourism industry to generate profit. This study examines the MFA context's service quality elements concerning customer satisfaction using correlation analysis. 150 questionnaires were distributed to budget hotel customers in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. The findings showed that SERVQUAL’s elements of tangible, empathy, and responsiveness are the main elements influencing customer satisfaction in the MFA context. Thus, the hotel’s physical facilities and equipment should be in perfect condition, with the staff being well-trained to attend to and be aware of customers’ requests and needs in a specific time frame.

COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EMBANKMENT DAM AND CONCRETE GRAVITY DAM UNDER NEAR-FIELD EARTHQUAKE

2025-02-08T18:10:18+08:00

One of the crucial elements impacting the dam’s seismic behaviour is the height of the reservoir’s water. As such, this study employs Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) to examine the performance of the Semenyih earth embankment dam and concrete gravity dam during near-field earthquakes with variations in the water level behind the embankment dam. Water levels varying from 0 to 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and the entire height of the embankment dam are considered an essential measure of how well the structures perform. These assessments were conducted under seven near-field earthquake datasets utilising the ABAQUS finite element framework. Seven ground movements were transformed into response spectra and adjusted by the soil type’s characteristics to create an elastic response spectrum. According to Eurocode 8, the soil type A-based elastic response spectrum was created. The limit states of the embankment dam that are yielding and the final condition are discovered by applying the IDA approach based on static analysis. The earth embankment dam results of average Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is 0.02 g for the yielding state and 0.57 g and 0.52 g, respectively, for the ultimate state. Meanwhile, the concrete gravity dam reveals 0.46 g and 0.59 at the yielding point, and the ultimate state is 0.59 g and 0.69 g. According to the findings, both types of dam operation at zero water level pose a greater danger than a full water reservoir, and the displacement for both dams was larger as the PGA rose. Lastly, the comparison between these two suggests that concrete gravity dams are more reliable to withstand the effect of seismic load.

EFFECT OF USING A NEW GAS SPLITTING TECHNIQUE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AMINE SWEETENING PROCESS AT REDUCED NATURAL GAS PRESSURES

2025-04-06T08:08:40+08:00

Throughout the duration of any natural gas reservoir, its pressure declines which directly affect the amine sweetening efficiency, so relevant techniques are used nowadays to overcome this problem such as drilling new wells, modifying process parameters that will increase power/heat consumption, using amine blends and re-design the conventional gas sweetening process. The present study aims to find a new solution or modification to the basic amine sweetening process using Aspen HYSYS to overcome the pressure reduction phenomenon. The proposed solution was based on the idea of splitting the raw natural gas entering the absorber into two streams, one entering from the normal bottom tray and the other fed to the middle tray, in order to allow a better sour gas/amine contact area, consequently a better absorption without consuming higher energy. After simulating the conventional amine sweetening process, along with its modified version utilizing Aspen HYSYS, the findings revealed that the modified split gas flow technique increases effectively the absorption of hydrogen sulphide from natural gas by a factor ranging from 53% to 72% compared to the normal amine sweetening process but this applies only at certain feed gas flow rates. At high pressure, both techniques are delivering on-spec. sweet gas, but when pressure is reduced only the modified solution can produce on-spec. sweet gas at relatively feed gas flow rates while the conventional process failed to maintain the H₂S concentration below the maximum allowable limit.

REKA CORAK GEOMETRIK DALAM PEMBANGUNAN MOTIF PADI: KOLABORASI REKA-KRAF DALAM KOMUNITI ANYAMAN KELARAI BERTAM

2025-03-13T12:14:46+08:00

Industri kraf tradisional berdepan dengan cabaran pemodenan dan perubahan kehendak pengguna yang mengakibatkan kemerosotan kepenggunaan produk kraf tempatan. Salah satu cabaran utama ialah kesukaran menyesuaikan reka bentuk tradisional dengan kehendak pasaran semasa. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka potensi kerjasama reka-kraf dalam mencipta motif baharu bagi anyaman kelarai bertam dengan fokus kepada adaptasi konsep geometri dan inspirasi flora tempatan negeri Kedah iaitu pokok padi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah kajian kes, kajian ini melibatkan pemerhatian, temu bual separa berstruktur, dan bengkel reka bentuk bersama komuniti penggiat kraf anyaman kelarai bertam di Sik, Kedah. Proses kerjasama berlangsung selama lapan bulan di mana pereka bekerjasama dengan penggiat kraf untuk membangunkan motif baharu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kerjasama antara pereka dan penggiat kraf meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap keperluan pasaran, selain memperkayakan nilai estetika motif anyaman baharu. Hasilnya penggiat kraf didedahkan kepada teknik reka bentuk moden, sementara pereka mempelajari nilai budaya dan kemahiran seni warisan. Kajian ini memberi implikasi penting terhadap pembangunan kraf anyaman kelarai bertam. Kajian juga telah mencadangkan perlunya sokongan berterusan daripada institusi pendidikan dan agensi kerajaan untuk mempromosikan model kerjasama reka-kraf dalam meningkatkan daya saing produk kraf Malaysia di pasaran global.

The traditional craft industry faces challenges of modernization and changing consumer demands, leading to a decline in the use of local craft products. One of the main challenges is the difficulty of adapting traditional designs to meet current market demands. This study aims to explore the potential of craft-design collaboration in creating new motifs for kelarai bertam weaving, focusing on the adaptation of geometric concepts and inspiration from local flora, specifically paddy plants, in Kedah. Using a qualitative approach through case study methods, this research involved observations, semi-structured interviews, and design workshops with the kelarai bertam weaving craft community in Sik, Kedah. The collaboration process lasted eight months, during which designers worked with craft practitioners to develop new motifs. The study's findings show that the collaboration between designers and craft practitioners enhanced their understanding of market needs while enriching the aesthetic value of the new woven motifs. As a result, the craft practitioners were exposed to modern design techniques, while the designers learned about cultural values and heritage art skills. This study has significant implications for the development of kelarai bertam weaving crafts. It also proposed the need for ongoing support from educational institutions and government agencies to promote the craft-design collaboration model in enhancing the competitiveness of Malaysian craft products in the global market.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES ON MATHEMATICS MOBILE APPLICATIONS USING FUZZY TOPSIS BASED ON RATINGS OF SUB-CRITERIA

2025-05-05T12:53:56+08:00

This study addresses the challenge of selecting the most effective Mathematics mobile applications amidst a growing array of tools with varied features and user experiences. It presents an analysis of students' preferences using the Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, based on ratings of various sub-criteria. This research involved collecting and aggregating student feedback on different applications, assessing criteria such as functionality, quality, features and efficiency. Mathematics mobile applications that are frequently used by students are Symbolab, Photomath, Mathway, Malmath, and Cymath. There is a problem identified in this study which the secondary data from Jumadi and Imran (2023) that uses Fuzzy Grade Matrix does not meet the criteria to apply Fuzzy TOPSIS. Therefore, aggregation of sub criteria is done to apply the Fuzzy TOPSIS effectively. There are three objectives in this study which are to transform sub-criteria to criteria using aggregated method, to determine each criterion's fuzzy weight, to rank the mathematical mobile applications using Fuzzy TOPSIS based on ratings of sub-criteria. The use of fuzzy set addressed the inherent uncertainties and subjectivities in these ratings, providing a more accurate and reliable assessment. Subsequently, the Fuzzy TOPSIS method was applied to rank the applications that consists of nine steps in the methodology. Mathematics mobile applications were analyzed, and the rankings are as Symbolab ≈ Photomath ≻ Mathway ≻ Cymath ≻ Malmath. This shows that Symbolab and Photomath are the most preferred Mathematics mobile applications. For criteria, the rankings are as functionality (X4)≻ quality (X3)≻ features (X1)≻ efficiency (X2). This implies that when it comes to assessing these applications by students, the most crucial criteria are functionality. The findings provide valuable insights for educators and developers, aiding in the selection and improvement of mathematics learning tools.

FROM OUTBREAKS TO ENDEMIC: ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF COVID-19 CLUSTERS IN MALAYSIA

2025-03-20T11:09:36+08:00

From 2020 to 2023, Malaysia experienced multiple waves of COVID-19, with clusters playing a significant role in transmission dynamics. Understanding these clusters is crucial for public health, as their characteristics and management significantly impact outbreak control. Unfortunately, existing regional research often focuses on national-level data, neglecting the insights hidden within cluster-level analysis. In these regards, this research aims to bridge this gap by comprehensively analyzing COVID-19 clusters in Malaysia from 2020 to 2023 through the development of a data dashboard using Microsoft Power BI. To fulfil that, the high-risk areas, the trend of COVID-19 clusters, the active time of each cluster, and the total cases of COVID-19 in each cluster have been identified. As a result, the developed dashboard reveals that the community cluster has the highest death toll of over 500 people while the highest number of COVID-19 infection cases has been recorded by the workplace group (over 300,000 cases) followed by the community group (100,000 cases). It can be induced that community clusters often see higher mortality rates despite the lower number of cases because they often affect more vulnerable populations such as the elderly compared to workplace clusters which usually involve younger working-age individuals. This knowledge will empower policymakers, healthcare professionals, and local communities to tailor their efforts to mitigate future waves and reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Consequently, by bridging the gap in research and focusing on the granular level of clusters, the project aspires to pave the way for a more data-driven and localized approach to pandemic management in Malaysia and across the globe.

IS VIRTUAL REALITY THE FUTURE OF LIBRARY REFERENCE SERVICES?

2025-03-10T13:40:19+08:00

This paper explores the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) to revolutionize library reference services, addressing gaps in engagement and accessibility characteristic of traditional and digital tools. Despite the growing adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) in education and entertainment, its application in library reference services remains underexplored. Traditional digital reference tools lack the depth of engagement and immediacy required for user-centered assistance. This study proposes a Design Thinking framework to bridge this gap, offering immersive, accessible, and interactive VR-based library services. By focusing on immersive user engagement, equitable access, and collaborative knowledge spaces, the study introduces a three-tiered conceptual model for VR integration. The paper identifies critical challenges, including financial constraints, technical accessibility, and staff readiness, offering strategic solutions to overcome these barriers. It highlights VR applications such as immersive exploration of collections, real-time librarian assistance via avatars, and collaborative virtual research spaces. These innovations align with constructivist and sociocultural theories to enhance user interaction and learning. The study contributes to the theoretical discourse by bridging technological innovation with user-centered design, advancing the role of libraries as inclusive, adaptive institutions. It provides actionable insights for leveraging VR to redefine reference services, positioning libraries as leaders in immersive, equitable, and dynamic information access in the digital age.

RADIATION SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF TIN-POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE (PDMS) COMPOSITES AGAINST GAMMA RAY AT 356 KEV

2025-05-05T12:21:28+08:00

Radiation shielding materials are essential for various applications, but conventional lead-based (Pb) shields pose environmental and health risks. This study investigates polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reinforced with tin as a sustainable alternative. Composites with varying tin concentrations were fabricated and analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to evaluate structural integrity and morphology. Shielding performance was assessed through Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Half-Value Layer (HVL), and Radiation Protection Efficiency (RPE). The results indicate that increasing tin content improves attenuation performance. Composites with 50% and 60% tin filler exhibited the highest MAC values (0.0905 and 0.0762 cm² g^-1) and RPE (16.26 and 16.89 %) while maintaining lower HVL (1.91 and 2.02 cm), respectively, making them the most promising candidates. Although control lead showed the highest MAC, Pb toxicity remains a major concern, reinforcing the need for alternative materials. FTIR analysis confirmed successful interaction between tin and PDMS, while FESEM images showed uniform tin dispersion at optimal concentrations. However, higher tin loading resulted in agglomeration, potentially affecting performance. Control PDMS exhibited the lowest efficiency, confirming its limited attenuation capability. Tin-reinforced composites demonstrated enhanced shielding due to tin’s high atomic number, increasing photon interactions. While HVL variations were observed, results suggest that an optimal tin concentration is necessary to achieve efficient shielding without compromising mechanical stability. In conclusion, tin-reinforced PDMS composites show strong potential as lead-free shielding materials with competitive attenuation properties. Their improved performance, combined with environmental and health benefits, supports their feasibility for radiation protection. Future work should focus on optimising tin dispersion and evaluating long-term durability. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable, non-toxic materials for shielding applications.