INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (IJIREV)

APPLICATION OF GENERATIVE AI MODELS IN DECONSTRUCTION AND INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF TRADITIONAL PATTERNS FOR SHU EMBROIDERY FANS

Xu Liru, Nur Safinas Albakry — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This research endeavors to address the challenges of intergenerational inheritance and to advance Shu embroidery by exploring the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) to deconstruct and design innovative traditional Shu embroidery fan patterns. A triphasic AI-driven methodological framework was formulated, encompassing AI-facilitated pattern deconstruction and domain-specific dataset construction. The framework also included optimizing the Stable Diffusion model via Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuning and a comprehensive assessment of AI-generated patterns, integrating objective metrics (Inception Score [IS], Fréchet Inception Distance [FID]) and subjective evaluation protocols. Empirical findings demonstrate that the optimized model proficiently captures the stylistic essence of traditional Shu embroidery. The model also attains substantial innovations in pattern elements, compositional structures, and color harmonization, thereby striking a balance between heritage preservation and creative advancement. Overall, the research concludes that generative AI serves as a pivotal driver of innovation in Shu embroidery fan patterns, offering a technical paradigm for the organic integration of inheritance and innovation in the protection and development of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH).

OCCUPATIONAL BIOMECHANICS RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THEMATIC EVOLUTION AND MODELLING TRENDS

Khairul Hafezad Abdullah — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Occupational biomechanics has developed into a diverse and steadily expanding field. It is shaped not only by advances in kinematics and modelling but also by changing workplace demands and technological pressures. This study presents a bibliometric mapping of research published from 1990 to 2025. This study utilises Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) to examine publication trends, geographical patterns, thematic evolution, and the modelling approaches. A total of 128 publications formed the final dataset, which was analysed using ScientoPy to trace performance indicators and shifts in authors’ keywords. The findings indicate a gradual increase in research activity, with significant growth after 2005. The United States emerges as the leading contributor, followed by Canada and the Netherlands, while several countries show emerging but modest contributions. Thematic patterns also change considerably over time, where early work emphasised biomechanical modelling and movement mechanics, while later periods introduced ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, manual handling, and, most recently, wearable sensors and integrated cognitive–physical ergonomics. This bibliometric analysis further reveals that biomechanical, musculoskeletal, skeletal, digital human, and response surface models each contribute distinct analytical strengths. The results indicate a shift in the field from laboratory-based modelling toward applied, technology-enabled, and context-sensitive inquiry. The study emphasised the need for deeper interdisciplinary engagement and future exploration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven analytics in occupational biomechanics.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN RARE EARTH ELEMENT (REE) SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES

Elena Mazlinda Mazlan, Zulhasni Abdul Rahim — Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The escalating worldwide requirement for Rare Earth Elements (REEs), propelled by their indispensable applications in clean energy technologies, electronics, and advanced manufacturing, has intensified research into efficient and sustainable separation technologies. Despite substantial scientific progress, the expanding volume of literature has created challenges in identifying dominant research trends, key contributors, as well as newly emerging thematic developments within this area. This study seeks to bridge this gap by offering an extensive bibliometric examination of REE separation technologies. A systematically compiled dataset was extracted from the Scopus database through the use of advanced search strategies built around two core terms, namely “rare earth element” and “separation technology.” The dataset comprises 1,193 publications spanning the period from 2018 to May 2026. Data cleaning as well as refinement were carried out through OpenRefine, whereas performance analysis and visualization of scientific mapping were conducted using VOSviewer and the Scopus analytical tools. The results demonstrate a pronounced upward trajectory in yearly publication output, with a sharp increase observed after 2021, indicating growing global research interest. China, the United States, and Germany stand out as the principal contributors when assessed through publication volume and citation influence. Meanwhile, keyword co-occurrence mapping identifies dominant themes such as Solvent Extraction (SX), adsorption, and hydrometallurgical processes, alongside emerging topics including green separation technologies and membrane-based systems. Collaboration network analysis further highlights increasing international research partnerships, particularly among technologically advanced economies. To conclude, this study delivers a structured synthesis of the knowledge framework and the shifting research landscape surrounding REE separation technologies, yielding meaningful insights for researchers, policymakers, as well as industry stakeholders to guide future research directions, funding priorities, and innovation strategies in support of sustainable resource development.

A HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR ENHANCED WATER QUALITY PREDICTION: INTEGRATING RANDOM FOREST AND GRADIENT BOOSTING

Syaimak Abdul Shukor, Cheng Peng — Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The escalating contamination of global water resources poses significant challenges to human health and environmental sustainability, necessitating the development of rapid, high-precision monitoring technologies. While traditional chemical and biological assessments are reliable, they are often hindered by high costs, complexity, and significant analytical latency. In response to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, this research proposes a hybrid machine learning framework that integrates Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting (GB) through two fusion strategies: error-based boosting and weighted model averaging to automate and optimise water quality prediction. It implements a structured methodology including data preprocessing, feature extraction, and hyperparameter tuning. By leveraging the complementary strengths of RF (overfitting resistance) and GB (sequential error reduction), the fusion model is designed to capture nonlinear relationships in the datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimised hybrid approach outperforms standalone models, achieving higher prediction accuracy and better generalisation. Furthermore, it provides a comparative analysis of feature configurations, identifying the optimal parameters for reliable detection. The findings suggest that integrating such intelligent algorithms into environmental management systems can improve automation and decision-making in water monitoring. The study concludes by outlining future trajectories, emphasising the integration of Deep Learning and Big Data analytics to further refine the practicality of water quality assessment. Ultimately, it provides a basis for further development and application for sustainable water resource management in the era of digital transformation.

GLOBAL RESEARCH TRENDS ON OIL PALM WASTE-BASED AS SOUND ABSORPTION MATERIAL: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The increasing demand for sustainable acoustic materials has accelerated research into renewable biomass resources as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic absorbers. Among these resources, oil palm waste has received increasing attention due to its abundance, renewability and the potential suitability for sound absorption applications. However, despite the growing literature, comprehensive bibliometric evidence describing publication trends, collaboration networks, thematic evolution and emerging research directions remains limited. Therefore, this study attempts to perform a bibliometric analysis to assess global research trends on oil palm waste-based sound absorption material. Bibliometric data were extracted from the Scopus database and analysed using VOSviewer, Scopus Analyzer and Scopus AI to identify publication trends, highly cited publications, co-occurrence patterns of keywords, leading contributing countries and international collaboration networks. The results showed a significant increase in publications after 2010, indicating growing scientific interests in the utilisation of oil palm biomass for sustainable acoustic applications. Furthermore, citation analysis also demonstrated that the most cited studies were mostly related to composite materials, thermal performance and sustainable engineering applications. The keyword co-occurrence analysis identified acoustic performance, material characterisation and multifunctional engineering material, whereby the leading research themes placed Malaysia as the main contributor and the collaborator hub. Notably, the strong interconnection between mechanical properties, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, density, natural fibres and oil palm biomass suggests that research trends increasingly emphasise integrated performance optimisations rather than isolated acoustic assessment. Thus, this field has evolved from agricultural waste utilisation towards multifunctional material development involving acoustic, physical, thermal and mechanical optimisation. The findings contribute to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by supporting sustainable material innovation and biomass valorisation strategies.

LEADERSHIP MECHANISMS DRIVING INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study comprehensively examines the development of global research related to leadership and resilience in the context of Innovative Work Behaviour (IWB) through a bibliometric analysis approach for the period 2016 to 2026. In an organizational landscape increasingly influenced by digital transformation, environmental instability and changing workforce dynamics, leadership and employee resilience are increasingly considered strategic elements that support the continuity of innovation. This change has driven increased academic interest in the role of both constructs in strengthening the ability of organizations to adapt to current and future challenges. Although the number of studies published in this field continues to increase, understanding of the underlying knowledge structure has not yet developed comprehensively. To address this issue, the study systematically mapped the evolution, influence, and thematic composition of the literature to reveal how knowledge in this field has expanded. Using a rigorous bibliometric methodology, 518 Scopus-indexed documents were retrieved and refined through OpenRefine to ensure validity, rigor, and consistency of the data. Descriptive performance analysis was conducted using Scopus Analyzer, while science mapping techniques, co-authorship, citation, and keyword co-occurrence analysis were performed using VOSviewer. The results reveal a rapid growth and continued surge in publications after 2020, reflecting the increased scholarly attention driven by digitalization and post-pandemic organizational challenges. Innovative work behaviors stand out as a key thematic focus, having significant convergence with leadership styles such as transformational, servant, ethical, inclusive, and digital leadership, while being driven by psychological mechanisms related to resilience including empowerment, self-efficacy, and work engagement. China, Pakistan, and Malaysia lead the way in publication output and the strength of collaborative links, reflecting the growing influence of emerging economies in shaping this research agenda. Thematic clustering further conceptualizes an overreliance on leadership- and individual-level explanations, with relatively limited integration of digital capability and sustainability perspectives. Overall, this research effort pioneers a structured mapping of the intellectual foundation in the field, while also exploring saturation points and underexplored research gaps. This study provides a comprehensive view of the current research scope that incorporates the dimensions of leadership, resilience, and innovative work behaviour in modern organisational environments.

OPTIMIZATION OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IN SHAH ALAM USING MAXIMUM FLOW ANALYSIS AND MILP

Ardiani Syazwin Haizal, Raja Noor Farah Raja Ma’amor Shah — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in Malaysia has intensified the need for effective and spatially efficient planning of charging infrastructure. This study proposes two approaches to evaluate existing electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) and to identify optimal expansion strategies within Shah Alam, Selangor, focusing on Sections 1 to 24. In the first phase, a maximum flow-based model is employed to assess how much charging demand can be satisfied by the current network of fast charging stations (CS)s. The results reveal a substantial imbalance between demand and available capacity, with only 1.42% of total charging demand being satisfied, thereby exposing significant spatial coverage gaps across the study area. Building upon these findings, the second phase applies a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to determine optimal locations and capacity allocations for new EVCS under realistic budget constraints, with the objective of maximizing satisfied demand. The optimization outcomes provide a targeted expansion strategy that improves demand coverage, station utilization, and cost efficiency. The resulting station configuration is also examined alongside the locations proposed through national planning initiatives to illustrate differences in spatial emphasis and coverage outcomes. Overall, the study demonstrates that integrating maximum flow analysis with MILP offers a systematic and data-driven approach for EVCS planning. The optimization models provide practical insights for urban planners and policymakers seeking to support sustainable EV adoption through efficient and demand-responsive charging infrastructure deployment.

COAL GANGUE AS AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE: A REVIEW ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES, AND PERFORMANCE IMPACTS

Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This by-product that is produced by the process of coal extraction and washing, is produced in high quantities and is causing some major environmental problems. The use of coal gangue as a concrete aggregate has recently undergone extensive research as one of the strategies to utilize the waste resource. However, past research has mainly focused on either coarse or fine aggregate models, and little has been done to integrate overall performance assessment and adjustment plans. The review is a critical study of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the coal gangue in different regions of the world, and its effect on the fresh performance, mechanical behavior, and strength of coal gangue aggregate concrete (CGAC). The focus lies on enhancing performance techniques like pre-wetting, calcification, surface coating, and increased the mixture of minerals. The paper also demonstrates the presence of critical performance thresholds so that optimal levels of substitution (usually 20-40%) can result in the enhancement of the durability of CGAC. Further studies must focus on the construction of multi-dimensional models of durability assessment and field experiments to confirm the laboratory results and encourage the process of standardization of large-scale CGAC.

WHAT KEEPS CHINESE EXPATRIATES IN GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS? MULTI-COUNTRY EVIDENCE ON CROSS-CULTURAL ADJUSTMENT, COMPENSATION, AND TRAINING

Li Xinyong, Basheer Al-haimi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The management of international operations by expatriate workers has been linked to growth in the construction industry, aided by advances in globalization. Nevertheless, retaining expatriates from a developed country like China is a major challenge. This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence Chinese expatriates’ retention in construction by focusing on cross-cultural adjustment, benefits and compensation, and training. The study also addresses the concern that many expatriates are planning to return due to cultural difficulties, inadequate funding, and a lack of training. With a quantitative approach, this study adopted a purposive sampling strategy, employing a snowball technique to reach the target population of 213 Chinese expatriates (general managers, middle managers, & operational staff). A total of 213 expatriates from Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Zambia, and South Africa comprised the sample. Findings from the study indicate that cross-cultural adjustment and compensation are connected to the retention intentions, while training has a trivial effect. Further findings reveal that there are varying factors that influence the retention of expatriates across countries. The findings aim to assist construction firms in improving expatriate retention by dealing with key issues that lead to the departure. Based on the researcher's findings, this study is the first to examine this topic across multiple countries using data on Chinese construction expatriates.

UTILIZATION OF SAGO WASTE IN POLYMER COMPOSITES

Syarfadila Ezurida Shaari, Farihana A. Rahman, Verawaty Ismail — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Sago has been known as a natural reinforcement material. Therefore, the waste should still have the same composition. The fibre produced from sago palm is a by-product from the sago industry. According to Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), in 2023 Sarawak had exported 35,000 metric tonnes of sago. This paper studies the use of sago palm waste as natural reinforcement in polymer composites. The main aim is to reduce agricultural waste and at the same time, develop an eco-friendly alternative for reinforcement material. The sago waste fibres were processed and combined with epoxy resin to produce composite samples. The hand lay-up method was used. Samples with fibre contents of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight were produced and tested for tensile and flexural strength according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 standards. The results showed that the 5% and 10% fibre contents produced the highest tensile strength and achieved the best flexural strength respectively. The findings have proven that sago waste fibres can be utilized. Lightweight and sustainable composites suitable for construction and aesthetic applications can be produced by using sago waste fibres. This research demonstrates the potential of sago palm fibre as a renewable alternative to synthetic reinforcement materials.

ANALYSIS OF ANEURYSMS IN MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES: A REVIEW OF CURRENT COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Cerebral aneurysms in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), particularly saccular aneurysms, present a significant clinical risk due to their potential for rupture and associated high morbidity and mortality. This review aims to analyse current computational modelling approaches used to investigate haemodynamics, rupture risk, and treatment strategies for MCA aneurysms. A systematic literature review was conducted using three major databases: PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 were identified using predefined keywords related to saccular aneurysms, computational modelling, and MCA. Inclusion criteria focused on original studies involving human or patient-specific models, while non-computational studies, reviews, and non-MCA-related research were excluded. A total of 14 studies were selected following PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted and synthesised based on modelling approaches, haemodynamic parameters, and clinical applications. Most studies employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyse haemodynamic factors, including wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and inflow jet dynamics. These parameters were consistently associated with aneurysm growth and rupture risk. Patient-specific modelling and integration with imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), improved simulation accuracy. Alternative computational methods, including finite element analysis (FEA), statistical modelling, and image-based reconstruction, complement CFD in device evaluation and morphological assessment. Additionally, computational modelling has been widely applied in optimising treatment strategies, including flow-diverting devices and bypass surgeries. Computational modelling plays a crucial role in advancing the understanding and management of MCA aneurysms. While CFD remains the dominant approach for haemodynamic analysis, integrating multi-modal imaging, patient-specific data, and emerging techniques such as machine learning can further improve rupture risk prediction and personalised treatment planning. Future research should focus on enhancing model accuracy and clinical translation.

ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF AGRIVOLTAICS SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: A SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION OF ENERGY GENERATION AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN BEHEIRA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

Mohammed Elsayed Samier Madboli Ibrahim , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Elsayed Madbouly — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Egypt’s agricultural development and solar energy exploitation are competing for the country’s limited land and water resources, and this conflict is particularly prominent in high-yield agricultural regions such as the Nile Delta. While the agrivoltaics strategy, which enables dual use of land for both photovoltaic power generation and crop cultivation, has been proposed, there is a lack of assessment of its actual on-site performance at the provincial level in Egypt, and a clear research gap persists in Buhara Province, the nation’s major wheat-producing region. This study set up two scenarios on a 1-hectare local plot: a standalone photovoltaic array scenario with 70% coverage, and an agrivoltaic scenario with 40% coverage, to verify the feasibility of this model for sustainable land use. PVsyst simulation was used to estimate energy generation and techno-economic performance, while wheat productivity was assessed using a shading-based yield reduction assumption derived from similar agrivoltaics and crop-shading studies. The 70% solar-only PV scenario recorded an annual PV array output of 2,626.9 MWh/year and exported 2,490.7 MWh/year to the grid, generating an estimated annual electricity revenue of USD 99,628. It achieved an LCOE of USD 0.042/kWh, a payback period of 11.7 years, an NPV of USD 684,422.64, and an ROI of 71.6%. The 40% agrivoltaics scenario recorded an annual PV array output of 1,502.5 MWh/year and exported 1,404.8 MWh/year to the grid, generating USD 56,192/year from electricity sales. Under partial PV shading, wheat yield was estimated at 5.14 t/ha compared with 6.59 t/ha under open-field conditions, giving a combined annual return of USD 57,023.13–57,112.47. Although the solar-only scenario showed stronger direct financial performance, the agrivoltaics scenario achieved an LER of approximately 1.35, indicating 35% higher land-use efficiency than separate wheat cultivation and PV production. The results show that agrivoltaics can support food production, renewable energy generation, carbon-emission reduction, and more efficient land-use planning in Beheira Governorate.

EMPOWERING BLIND STUDENTS WITH HIGH-QUALITY TACTILE GRAPHICS FOR STEM EDUCATION

Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the essential features and design strategies required to produce high-quality graphics that effectively support blind students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. This study involved individual semi-structured interviews with 19 blind students aged 14 to 17 years, enrolled at a secondary school for visually impaired students in Malaysia, in 2024. Each interview, lasting between 30 and 45 minutes, was meant to address the exact design flaws and cognitive obstacles that occurred during the exploration of STEM tactile graphics. Data were collected through audio recordings that were later transcribed verbatim. A systematic thematic analysis by Atlas.ti software allows identifications of key themes. Every student (100%) indicated an absence of access to assistive tools tailored for tactile graphic exploration, while also demonstrating the urgency for such resources. Furthermore, 84.2% emphasized substantial obstacles in the exploration of tactile graphics, especially regarding gridlines. These challenges became worse when gridlines were excessively small, overlapping with other components, or appeared like braille dot labels, leading to increased confusion. These findings reveal the urgency for improved tactile design. The framework developed in this study is important for informing the development of high-quality tactile graphics so that a systematic approach can be developed to address design deficiencies and cognitive challenges faced by blind students. In addition, clear and identifiable textures and systematic guidance such as step-by-step navigation are of great importance in making it better understood and more accessible. This framework enhances STEM Mathematics accessibility and promotes independent learning among blind students.

FROM MASCOTS TO AVATARS: EXPLORING CHARACTER DESIGN AS A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT

Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Character design has been a branding staple for decades, with mascots embodying brand values, generating familiarity, and establishing consumer trust. In the contemporary, contemporary digital environment, the rise of avatars and AI-driven characters is a significant evolution in strategic brand communication. These digital entities provide interactive, adaptive, and even personalised experiences that go beyond the symbolic role of traditional mascots, creating new opportunities for brands to build engagement. The article examines how character design is used as a strategic method of building consumer engagement, emphasizing the development from mascots to avatars as a continuum rather than substitution. Grounded in anthropomorphism theory, parasocial interaction theory, and narrative transportation theory, the study develops a conceptual model that connects character design with consumer engagement on the basis of psychological and entertainment processes. The paper also highlights a significant research gap, the lack of understanding regarding how digital avatars uniquely affect consumer relationships compared to mascots. By completing this gap, the study contributes theoretically to branding literature and practically to managers who are seeking to leverage character-based methods in the contemporary markets.

THE GAP VALUES THAT BIND: PERSONAL VALUES AND ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT IN MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between personal values (stimulation, universalism, achievement, benevolence, and self-direction) and organizational commitment for local technical personnel at a selected construction company. The literature review indicates that there is limited research examining the relationship between the studied variables within the Malaysian social and cultural context, specifically from the perspective of local workers in the construction industry. Data were analysed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Science 26 (SPSS26) to evaluate the factors impacting organizational commitment in this context. This study enhances the existing evidence that personal values are important to organizational commitment, with practical implications for recruitment, regulation, and policy development, particularly in how these values can be integrated into hiring practices and organizational policies to improve employee retention in the Malaysian construction industry.

DENSITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE CONTAINING HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCEMENT

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Lightweight concrete (LWC) has advantages of lower self-weight and better thermal efficiency, yet its limited mechanical performance restricts its broader use in structural fields. This study attempts to investigate the effect of hybrid micro-synthetic fibre reinforcement on physical and mechanical properties of LWC, namely density and compressive strength under open-air curing conditions. Control (no fibre), single-fibre (0.5% PP and 0.5% nylon) and hybrid-fibre mixes were prepared by adding polypropylene (PP) and nylon fibres at total volume fractions of 0.20%, 0.25% and 0.30%, respectively, while maintaining a constant 1:1 ratio of PP to nylon. The findings showed that the insertion of hybrid fibres resulted in a modest increase in the density of LWC because of improved packing of the matrix and reduction of air voids. Moreover, the compressive strength showed a remarkable improvement compared to the control and single-fibre mixes, with the best performance obtained at 0.20% and 0.30% hybrid fibre contents. The synergistic interaction of PP and nylon fibres increased stress transfer, crack-bridging capability and microstructural stability, providing evidence of the potential of hybrid fibre-reinforced LWC as a sustainable material for semi-structural applications.

ESG IN SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: A SCOPUS-BASED BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The incorporation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into sustainable construction has gained increasing attention as the built environment faces mounting pressure to align with global sustainability goals. Despite this growing interest, the field’s intellectual architecture, progression of research, as well as thematic trajectories concerning ESG within sustainable construction remain fragmented and insufficiently synthesized. This research seeks to bridge this deficiency by undertaking an extensive bibliometric examination to chart the development, key contributors, and emerging trends in this domain. A systematic data retrieval process was performed using Scopus, applying an advanced search strategy based on the keywords “ESG,” “sustainable construction,” and “eco-friendly construction.” The dataset, limited to the period from 2005 to May 2026, yielded a total of 164 relevant publications. The analysis was conducted employing Scopus Analyzer to perform an initial evaluation of research performance, OpenRefine to facilitate data cleaning and preparation, and VOSviewer to generate visualizations and map the resulting networks. The results demonstrate a pronounced increase in publication output, especially from 2020 onward, indicating the rapid emergence of ESG as a central research focus. Influential articles are predominantly review-based, contributing to the conceptual consolidation of the field. At the same time, leading countries such as China, Australia, and the United States demonstrate strong publication and citation performance. Keyword co-occurrence analysis further identifies “sustainability,” “green building,” and “corporate social responsibility” as dominant themes, alongside emerging topics such as ESG integration, stakeholder decision-making, and digital technologies. Overall, the study underscores a distinct shift away from conventional sustainability discourse toward a more integrated ESG framework, emphasizing the growing importance of multidisciplinary approaches in advancing sustainable construction practices. The findings offer meaningful insights for both practitioners and researchers by outlining current research trajectories and identifying future directions for ESG implementation in the construction sector.

CLEANROOM OPTIMISATION OF INLET-OUTLET CONFIGURATION AT VARIOUS ACH FOR PARTICLE DISPERSION IN ISO CLASS 5 SEMICONDUCTOR CLEANROOM STANDARD

Zharif Samsudin, Sh Mohd Firdaus Sh Abdul Nasir, Hazimi Ismail — Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The performance of modular cleanrooms is highly dependent on effective airflow distribution and thermal control to minimize contamination and ensure product quality. This study investigates the influence of inlet–outlet configuration and operating parameters on airflow and temperature distribution inside a modular semiconductor cleanroom. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to evaluate airflow vector patterns, mean air velocity, and temperature contours at different cross-sectional and working height levels. ANSYS Fluent was used for CFD simulation. Four key parameters, namely inlet size (number of FFUs), outlet size, inlet air temperature, and inlet air velocity, were optimized using the Taguchi method. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis based on the larger-the-better criterion was employed to identify the optimal parameter levels for maximizing mean air velocity, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the contribution of each parameter. The results indicate that inlet air velocity is the most significant factor, contributing 56.16% to airflow performance, followed by inlet size, outlet size, and inlet air temperature. The optimal operating condition was identified as 6 FFU, a combined outlet configuration of two large outlets, size (1090 × 1096 mm) and one small outlet, size (534 × 1096 mm), an inlet air temperature of 294 K, and an inlet air velocity of 0.4 m/s. Under the optimal condition, the CFD predicted mean air velocity was 0.44 m/s, which showed good agreement with the experimental result of 0.45 m/s, with a deviation of approximately 2%. The optimized configuration demonstrates improved airflow uniformity and stable temperature distribution at the working height level, confirming the reliability of the proposed optimization framework. This study provides a practical framework for optimizing cleanroom airflow design by identifying the optimal combination of FFU number, inlet velocity, and outlet configuration to improve airflow uniformity, reduce contamination risk, and enhance energy efficiency in ISO Class 5 cleanrooms.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ZNO/GAAS AND ZNO/ALGAAS/SI-BASED SOLAR CELLS

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The increasing demand for high efficiency solar cell device has continuous research into advanced semiconductor solar cell and optical enhancement techniques. The ZnO is a well-known and widely used material in photovoltaic (PV) industry due to its low cost, abundant material that offers high electron mobility, excellent transparency and wide bandgap. Although silicon (Si) is commonly paired with ZnO due to its superior performance, previous study has demonstrated that ZnO/GaAs solar cell structure exhibits good optoelectronic properties and higher theoretical conversion efficiency. Besides, the solar cell could be improved by widening the bandgap of the structures by forming a triple-heterojunction solar cell. The ZnO/AlGaAs/Si solar cell was proposed as a new design of the solar cell structures and numerically investigates to analyse the performance and the efficiency of the solar cell. However, research on this device structure remains limited compared with conventional solar cell. The device performance was evaluated by using Personal Computer 1-Dimensional (PC1D) simulation under the standard AM1.5G illumination, which 0.1W/cm² and one-sun condition. The , , , fill factor (FF) and efficiency were used to evaluate the device performance. Compared to the ZnO/GaAs solar cell, the ZnO/AlGaAs/Si increased the electrical properties with from 3.253A to 3.870A, from 1.954W to 2.418W, and from 0.7130V to 0.7417V. This increment could increase the efficiency from 17.76% to 21.98%. These results can be attributed by the AlGaAs layer, which improves band alignment and increases photocurrent generation by allowing more incident photons to be transmitted to the silicon absorber due to its larger bandgap.

ASSESSING PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ADOPTION OF IoT INTEGRATED MINI GREENHOUSE GARDENS FOR URBAN FARMING USING THE AIDA MODEL

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This research investigates how the Internet of Things (IoT) can help address sustainability challenges and food security in urban cities. As urban populations grow rapidly, this research uses the AIDA model namely Attention, Interest, Desire and Action, to assess public awareness and adoption of IoT integrated mini greenhouse gardens for urban farming. Both social and technical aspects of willingness to explore resource saving methods and self suffiency at home have been examined. The survey that adapted the AIDA model was conducted among participants aged 18 and above in urban Malaysian cities. There are 20 items in a survey with 5 items per factor of the AIDA model. This method is recognized for reliably measuring attitudes and intentions in agricultural research. In order to ensure accurate interpretation, mean scores and percentages were calculated using the true limits convention. The result is believed to introduce new technology to urban farming and guide policy decisions. As a result, this research will be supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Zero Hunger (Goal 2), Sustainable Cities and Communities (Goal 11), and Climate Action (Goal 13), helping cities become more sustainable and resilient.

GLOBAL RESEARCH TREND IN WATER QUALITY: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

Wed, 10 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Water quality has become a critical universal concern due to increasing environmental pressures from industrial activities, urbanisation, agricultural practices and anthropogenic activities. As research in this field continues to expand, understanding the quantitative data- overview and emerging trends is essential. This bibliometric study presents a comprehensive analysis of scientific publications on water quality indexed in the Web of Science (WOS) database from 2000 to 2025. Bibliometric analysis was applied to explore the publication performance, language of document, document types, authorship, highly cited publication and well-known source titles. The science mapping on co-authorship between countries and keyword co-occurrence was conducted using VOSviewer, which helps to determine the influential country, major research theme and emerging topics. The result highlights a steady increase in water quality research over 25 years, which is due to the increasing concern about water quality, pollution and human health. Research articles constitute 82% of the document type, highlighting active scientific exploration and data production. The top research area in water quality is environmental science, with the Science of the Total Environment Journal demonstrating strong citation influence, indicating higher scholarly impact. Keyword analysis shows growth towards emerging trends such as advanced removal technologies, effective pollution detection, machine learning and data-driven approaches for water quality management. This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of this field by examining its evolution, mapping the research structure, analysing publication trends, and identifying future research directions. It offers updated insights into collaboration networks and emerging data-driven approaches in the field. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers in supporting global initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which aims to ensure clean water and sanitation for all.

SMART CONTROL WITH FUZZY LOGIC: A MULTI-APPLICATION FIS-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Norliana Mohd Najib, Noor Azzah Awang, Nur Syafzan Sufter — Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) have proven applicable in a wide range of smart control applications by handling imprecision, uncertainties and mimicking human reasoning. This paper presents a comparative study of FIS-based projects in diverse domains of smart controller which includes air-conditioning, washing machine, an irrigation system, and traffic-light. The system uses linguistic inputs and produces control outputs. All systems employ Mamdani-Fuzzy inference system type with triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. The rule bases on the order of 27 to 81 rules. This study summarizes each project based on inputs, outputs, membership functions, rule evaluation, and defuzzification method and the compare their performance in the term of responsiveness, service efficiency, and resource usage. Results indicate that fuzzy controllers can significantly improve efficiency and adaptively tuning control actions. The findings and analysis highlight the common design patterns of fuzzification process and its challenges for rule explosion involving many inputs. A generalized FIS framework and methodology framework was introduced to illustrate the collective architecture as a guideline in future endeavours. This synthesis not only demonstrates the versatility of fuzzy logic in automation and resource management but also serves as a reference survey of FIS design. The paper concludes with some limitations for further optimization in adaptive neural or Sugeno extensions and suggests best practices for implementing fuzzy controllers in design automation.

SMARTGROW: AN ENERGY-AWARE SOLAR-POWERED IOT VERTICAL HYDROPONIC MONITORING AND AUTONOMOUS CONTROL SYSTEM

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

With the increasing need for sustainable and resource-efficient food production, hydroponic systems have become popular for urban agriculture, particularly for the cultivation of vegetables and other plants, where the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is employed. There are currently many hydroponic platforms that are still connected to a grid power source and offer only partial integration of renewable energy, autonomous control, and remote monitoring in a single platform. These restrictions lower the operational sustainability, reduce deployment flexibility and require human intervention at all times. In this study, an energy-aware IoT vertical hydroponic monitoring and autonomous control system, called SmartGrow, is designed, developed, and implemented to enhance the cultivation efficiency, energy sustainability, and remote management of the system. The methodology proposed here uses a systematic engineering process with three major phases: system architecture design, hardware development, embedded software implementation, printed circuit board design, prototype fabrication and experimental validation. The microcontroller is an ESP32, which is equipped with pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), water level and light intensity sensors, and also automatically controls the nutrient pump, water circulation pump and grow light according to the set threshold values. The system also has an embedded HTML based web dashboard for in-situ monitoring and manual operation, a cloud based data logging system using Google Sheets, an instant alert notification system using Telegram and an energy subsystem powered by PV modules to enable energy aware operation. Experimental testing proved that sensors could be acquired, the threshold based actuator responses were reliable, data could be recorded continuously in the cloud, data could be monitored remotely and real-time alerts could be sent in the event of abnormal operating conditions. Combining renewable energy with automation via the IoT increases the system's autonomy and decreases reliance on traditional power sources. The proposed SmartGrow platform highlights the capability of developing a vertically integrated hydroponic system with renewable energy, intelligent sensors, autonomous control, and cloud-based monitoring, providing a viable and scalable solution for sustainable urban agriculture, educational purposes, and future smart agriculture projects.

TRENDS AND RESEARCH CROWD LOGISTIC A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Thiban Krishnamoorthi, Norhidayah Azman, Sena Atmaja, Mizan Asnawi — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Occupancy of passenger cars has been declining for years. Partially empty automobiles reduce the viability of passenger mobility on our roads while simultaneously offering a freight transportation opportunity. Crowd logistics makes advantage of the extra passenger capacity on current routes to conduct delivery operations, which benefits the environment, society, and economics. This investigation report may offer readers with extra information on the subject. The study covers a thorough evaluation of 604 articles gathered between 1988 and 2025. This article will examine the conclusions of notable writers, publications, countries/regions, and disciplines of research. This essay also sought to identify several themes that emerged and evolved throughout the active years using co-citation and co-occurrence networks. In light of the increasing amount of research publications and the broad adoption of Crowd logistics in many countries, bibliometric analysis is required to give a complete collection of statistics that may assist investigators in locating the most significant studies to time. These may be accomplished by using the VOS Viewer and Biblioshiny tools to investigate various aspects of the Crowd Logistics research area and identify prospective future study areas.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE 3-IN-1 COLLECTION TROLLEY

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The increasing volume of food waste generated in institutional dining facilities presents significant challenges in terms of operational efficiency, hygiene, and environmental sustainability. This study presents the design and development of a portable 3-in-1 collection trolley aimed at improving plate handling and food waste management in university café environments. The proposed system integrates a spring-loaded plate stacking mechanism, a dedicated utensil compartment, and an enclosed waste bin within a single mobile unit. The design adopts a systematic engineering approach, incorporating user-centered design principles, morphological analysis, and mechanical performance evaluation. Experimental validation demonstrates that the trolley can safely support up to 80 plates while maintaining stability and accessibility. In addition, the enclosed waste compartment significantly reduces odour emission and pest attraction compared to conventional open systems. User feedback further indicates improvements in operational efficiency, ergonomics, and workplace hygiene. The findings suggest that the proposed design offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for improving food service operations, with potential applications in institutional and commercial environments.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT TEMPEH FERMENTATION: CHALLENGES IN SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Tempeh is a traditional fermented cuisine, generally produced from soybeans and Rhizopus spp., with great nutritional content and functional health advantages. In recent years, the increasing demand for locally available, sustainable and cost-effective protein sources has led to significant interest in developing non-soy tempeh using alternative substrates such as peanuts. Although peanut-based tempeh has been suggested as a substitute for soybean tempeh, there is insufficient empirical investigation of the fermentation behaviour, failure mechanisms and process stability of peanut substrates under controlled small-scale production circumstances. This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation behaviour of peanut tempeh and to determine the possible reasons for fermentation failure, with the practical relevance in small-scale and community-based production. Peanut substrates were inoculated with commercial Rhizopus starter and fermented under ambient conditions. The fermentation process was tracked over a period of three days using visual observation, temperature profiling and pH testing. The results showed that the fermentation did not occur. On Day 1 there was little mycelial development seen, peanut kernels were loose, and surface wetness was present. By Day 2 it showed greyish mycelial development, uneven colonisation and increasing condensation. By the third day, there was heavy contamination with grey-black mycelium and green-yellow patches of fungus, and this was a complete failure of fermentation. The temperature profile was non-linear with an increase from 26.18°C to 31.01°C on Day 1, decrease to 29.29°C on Day 2 and increase again to 31.22°C on Day 3. In addition, pH increased from 5.46 to 6.62, indicating alkaline conditions consistent with microbial deterioration. The observed failure in fermentation might have been caused by insufficient compacting of the substrate, uneven moisture distribution and inappropriate fermentation conditions. Nevertheless, further controlled experiments are necessary to confirm these contributing factors. Results from the point of view of small-scale production show practical difficulties in adapting peanut tempeh for small-scale and community production where control over the process is limited. These results provide a basis for the optimisation of fermentation techniques and improved practicality of peanut-based tempeh as a sustainable alternative protein product for community-scale production.

DESIGN FOR SAFETY (DFS) IN EDUCATION FOR CONSTRUCTION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Design for Safety (DfS) has emerged as a critical approach in the construction industry to eliminate or minimize occupational hazards through informed design decisions proactively. Despite increasing recognition of DfS principles, the integration of DfS into construction education and curriculum development remains fragmented and underexplored in the existing literature. Limited studies have systematically examined the intellectual structure, research evolution, and collaborative patterns of DfS in educational contexts, thereby constraining the development of comprehensive pedagogical frameworks for future construction professionals. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends related to DfS in education for construction. Bibliographic data were systematically retrieved from the Scopus database. The retrieved dataset was subsequently refined and standardized using OpenRefine to ensure data consistency and accuracy prior to analysis. Scopus Analyzer and VOSviewer software were employed to examine publication trends, citation structures, keyword co-occurrence patterns, and country-level collaboration networks. Following the screening and refinement process, a total of 744 relevant publications were identified and analysed. The findings reveal a substantial increase in publication output after 2015, indicating growing scholarly attention toward integrating safety-oriented design principles into construction education. Keyword co-occurrence analysis further identified dominant research themes in construction, health and safety, construction safety, Building Information Modeling (BIM), virtual reality, and prevention through design, reflecting the increasing influence of digital technologies and Industry 4.0 in safety education. In addition, country-level collaboration analysis demonstrated that the United States and the United Kingdom remain the leading contributors to DfS educational research. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the intellectual development, thematic evolution, and global research landscape of DfS in construction education, offering valuable insights for researchers, educators, policymakers, and industry practitioners seeking to advance proactive safety integration within construction curricula and professional training.

AN EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TANZANIA: THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE PROJECT’S EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Iddi Samson Marugujo, Jasmine Ahmad, Fatma Sami Hafez — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Public construction projects in Tanzania continue to face recurrent issues, including cost overruns of 25–61% and delays of up to 48 months. Despite being essential to the nation's growth, these projects continue to face these challenges. These challenges highlighted systemic flaws in planning, procurement, cash flow management, and stakeholder coordination. Although critical success factors (CSFs) have been the subject of research worldwide, Tanzania lacks an empirically validated framework that integrates internal project capabilities with external environmental variables. By identifying, ranking, and testing critical success factors (CSFs) in Tanzanian public construction projects and by investigating the moderating effect of the Project External Environment (PEE), this study addresses the identified gap. This research analyzes five CSF categories: Risk management, Project Planning and Management, Project Stakeholders, Project Procurement and Supply, and PEE. The research is guided by Resource-Based Theory and Stakeholder Theory. A quantitative cross-section survey design was adopted, using structured questionnaires administered to 200 professionals involved in public construction projects in Tanzania, yielding 165 valid responses from project managers, engineers, contractors, and government supervisors. Data were analyzed using SPSS through reliability tests, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and moderation analysis. The findings revealed that CSFs had a significant positive influence on project success, with management support, effective planning, and stakeholder coordination emerging as the strongest predictors. The results further showed that the external environment significantly moderated the relationship between CSFs and project success, indicating that favourable political, economic, regulatory, technological, and social conditions strengthened project outcomes, while adverse conditions weakened them. The findings offer practitioners and policymakers insights that may be put into action, with a particular emphasis on effective resource allocation, stakeholder involvement, risk management, and adaptive planning. Within Tanzania's construction industry, the framework provided is a useful tool that may increase efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance the implementation of sustainable project outcomes.

ENHANCING INNOVATION THROUGH HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN INDUSTRY 5.0: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST

Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Industry 5.0 envisions a human-centric industrial future where collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) enables sustainable innovation. However, despite the transformative potential of Human-AI Collaboration (HAIC), its impact on innovation remains inconsistent. This variability stems largely from insufficient attention to the psychological and relational mechanisms that facilitate effective partnership, particularly trust. The present research addresses this gap by proposing a conceptual framework that positions trust as the critical mediator between HAIC and innovation performance. Using a structured integrative review approach, we analyzed 28 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database (2020–2025) through thematic analysis to synthesize current knowledge and identify theoretical linkages. Our findings reveal that trust is not a static outcome but a dynamic, context-dependent construct shaped by transparency, explainability, reliability, and ethical AI design. Trust enables human operators to engage in risk-taking, knowledge sharing, and co-creative behaviors that directly enhance innovation in products, processes, and business models. This work provides a dual contribution: it unifies socio-technical systems theory with Industry 5.0 principles into a coherent mediation framework and offers actionable insights for designing “trustworthy-by-design” AI systems. The proposed framework underscores that technological sophistication alone is insufficient; fostering calibrated trust is essential to unlock the full innovative potential of human–AI symbiosis in next-generation manufacturing.

TIME SERIES FORECASTING AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study provides a detailed and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the time series forecasting technique and parameter estimation methodologies in agricultural commodity price analysis, a field that has gained increasing attention due to the growing price volatility, market uncertainty and the demand for effective decision-support tools. Despite the substantial growth of publications, a systematic understanding of the intellectual structure, influential contributions and methodological evolution remain limited. Thus, to fill the gap, this study analyses 761 articles indexed in Scopus from 2000 to January 2026. Bibliographic data were standardized using Scopus Analyzer and OpenRefine to ensure consistency in author names, affiliations, and keywords. Bibliometric techniques, including citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and country-level co-authorship network analysis, were conducted using VOSviewer. The results of the study show a steady growth in the number of research articles published in the domain, especially since 2010, suggesting that the research domain is mature. The citation analysis identifies a handful of research articles that have made a significant contribution to the advancement of the research field, especially with respect to long-memory processes, fractional integrations, volatility modelling and estimation techniques. The co-occurrence of keywords indicates that research articles published in the domain have been centred on long-memory processes, fractional integrations, ARFIMA models, volatility modelling, and estimation methodologies. The study also reveals a shift in research methodological approaches from traditional techniques to Bayesian estimation, state-space models, time-varying parameters and volatility modelling. Finally, the analysis also shows that research output and impact are concentrated in a limited number of countries, suggesting a strong degree of author collaboration.

GLOBAL RESEARCH TRENDS AND EMERGING FRONTIERS IN DAMAGE CONTROL RESUSCITATION

Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm in modern trauma care, integrating hemorrhage control, hemostatic resuscitation, and rapid surgical intervention to improve survival outcomes. Despite its growing clinical importance, the evolution of research trends, collaborative patterns, and emerging thematic frontiers within this domain remains insufficiently characterized. This study aims to systematically evaluate the global research landscape of DCR through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database using an advanced search strategy based on the keywords “damage control resuscitation” and “trauma,” covering publications from 2000 to May 2026. A total of 868 peer-reviewed articles were identified and analyzed. Bibliometric tools, including Scopus Analyzer, OpenRefine, and VOSviewer, were employed to examine publication trends, citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and international collaboration networks. The findings demonstrate a marked increase in publication output over time, with a significant surge observed after 2015, reflecting heightened academic and clinical interest in DCR. The United States and the United Kingdom emerged as leading contributors, both in productivity and collaborative influence. Highly cited articles predominantly focused on transfusion strategies, particularly balanced blood product ratios, underscoring their central role in advancing clinical practice. Keyword analysis revealed dominant themes centered on trauma, hemorrhage, and resuscitation, alongside emerging areas such as Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), whole blood transfusion, and prehospital care. In conclusion, the field of DCR is characterized by rapid growth, strong international collaboration, and evolving research priorities driven by technological and clinical innovations. This study provides valuable insights into the intellectual structure and emerging directions of DCR, offering a foundation for future research and evidence-based advancements in trauma care.