PEMAKAIAN KETERANGAN PENDAPAT SEBAGAI KAEDAH PEMBUKTIAN DALAM JENAYAH SIHIR DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH

THE APPLICATION OF OPINION TESTIMONY AS A METHOD OF PROOF IN WITCHCRAFT CRIMES IN THE SYARIAH COURT

Abstract

Pembuktian jenayah sihir di Mahkamah Syariah merupakan cabaran besar kerana sifatnya yang subjektif dan ketiadaan bukti fizikal yang nyata. Jenayah sihir sukar dibuktikan melalui kaedah pembuktian biasa dan memerlukan keterangan pendapat dari pelbagai pihak, termasuk pendapat pakar dan bukan pakar. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengupas pemakaian pendapat pakar seperti pakar perubatan, forensik, psikologi, dan pengamal pengubatan Islam, serta pendapat bukan pakar yang merangkumi saksi-saksi tertentu dalam membuktikan jenayah sihir di Mahkamah Syariah. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganalisis sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder seperti statut, keputusan mahkamah, jurnal, buku, dan laporan kes serta dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan jurispruden Islam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemakaian pendapat pakar memberikan asas saintifik yang lebih kukuh, manakala pendapat bukan pakar membantu melengkapkan bukti melalui pengalaman dan pengamatan langsung. Pembuktian jenayah sihir memerlukan kombinasi pendapat pakar dan bukan pakar yang konklusif dan komprehensif. Cadangan perundangan termasuklah memperluas skop pemakaian kedua-dua jenis pendapat ini serta memperkenalkan prosedur khusus bagi memastikan keberkesanan pembuktian jenayah sihir di Mahkamah Syariah.

The proof of witchcraft crimes in the Syariah Court poses a significant challenge due to its subjective nature and the absence of tangible physical evidence. Witchcraft crimes are difficult to establish through conventional methods of proof, necessitating expert and non-expert opinions from various parties, including medical, forensic, and psychological experts, as well as Islamic healing practitioners. The objective of this article is to explore the application of expert opinions such as those from medical, forensic, psychological experts, and Islamic healers, alongside non-expert opinions, including specific witnesses, in proving witchcraft crimes in the Syariah Court. The research methodology adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing primary and secondary sources, including statutes, court decisions, journals, books, and case reports, and is analyzed using an Islamic jurisprudential approach. The findings indicate that the use of expert opinions provides a stronger scientific basis, while non-expert opinions complement the evidence through experience and direct observation. Proving witchcraft crimes requires a conclusive and comprehensive combination of expert and non-expert opinions. Legislative recommendations include expanding the scope of both types of opinions and introducing specific procedures to ensure the effectiveness of proving witchcraft crimes in the Syariah Court.