THE MALAY SCHOLARS’ REJECTION OF WAHHABI IDEOLOGY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study investigates the intellectual resistance of Malay scholars toward the spread of Wahhabi ideology, tracing both historical and contemporary responses within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Originating in the early 20th century through reformist movements aligned with Wahhabi principles, most notably Kaum Muda, the introduction of this ideology into the Malay Archipelago triggered theological and sociocultural tensions, challenging long-established religious traditions rooted in Shafi’i jurisprudence and Ash’ari theology. The problem addressed in this study centers on how Wahhabi ideology, with its rigid textual literalism and rejection of taqlid, mysticism, and communal practices such as tawassul and talqīn, prompted a counter-response among Malay religious elites. Employing a qualitative methodology, this research draws upon classical texts, fatwas, and writings by prominent scholars such as Shaikh Muhammad Syafie of Patani, Sheikh Uthman Jalaluddin al-Kelantani, and Sheikh Abdul Qadir al-Mandili. Through critical analysis, the findings reveal that the scholars’ opposition was grounded in theological reasoning and sociocultural awareness, highlighting their concern for preserving religious harmony and resisting divisive sectarian ideologies. The study identifies core themes in the scholars’ critique, such as safeguarding Sunni orthodoxy, defending spiritual traditions, and rejecting takfiri tendencies. By positioning Wahhabism alongside historical extremist sects like the Khawarij, Malay scholars framed their rebuttals within a broader Islamic intellectual tradition. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of theological resistance in Southeast Asia, offering insights into the role of localized scholarly authority in countering ideological extremism. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of sustaining intellectual continuity and spiritual moderation to uphold communal integrity in the face of imported radical currents.