ANALISIS PERUNDANGAN DAN POLISI BERKAITAN SEKURITI MAKANAN HALALAN TAYYIBAN DI MALAYSIA: SATU SOROTAN

LEGISLATION AND POLICIES ANALYSIS RELATED TO HALALAN TAYYIBAN FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA: AN OVERVIEW

Abstract

Sekuriti makanan halalan tayyiban merupakan suatu tuntutan syariah yang menegaskan pematuhan terhadap aspek kehalalan dan kebaikan makanan secara menyeluruh, merangkumi keselamatan, kebersihan, serta keberkesanan pemakanan kepada pengguna. Pemerkasaan prinsip ini menuntut kerangka dasar dan perundangan yang kukuh serta bersifat inklusif. Namun, dalam konteks Malaysia yang terdiri daripada masyarakat majmuk berbilang kaum dan agama, pelaksanaan sekuriti makanan halalan tayyiban berdepan pelbagai kekangan dari segi dasar, pelaksanaan dan penyelarasan antara agensi. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menganalisis secara kritikal kerangka perundangan dan dasar semasa yang menyokong pelaksanaan sekuriti makanan halalan tayyiban di Malaysia. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah analisis dokumen, kajian ini memfokuskan kepada penilaian terhadap akta-akta berkaitan, dasar-dasar kerajaan dan dapatan kajian terdahulu. Hasil kajian mengenal pasti empat dasar utama yang berkait secara langsung dan tidak langsung dengan pengukuhan sekuriti makanan halalan tayyiban, iaitu Dasar Sekuriti Makanan Negara (DSMN) 2021–2025, Dasar Halal Negara (DHN) 2025–2035, Pelan Induk Industri Halal Malaysia (HIMP) 2030, dan Dasar Agromakanan Negara 2021–2030 (DAN 2.0). Meskipun dasar-dasar ini menggambarkan komitmen kerajaan terhadap pembangunan sistem makanan patuh syariah, pelaksanaannya masih berdepan beberapa cabaran utama. Antaranya termasuk kelemahan penyelarasan antara agensi pelaksana, keterbatasan sokongan kepada perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS), serta tahap pengintegrasian teknologi yang belum mencapai tahap optimum. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini mencadangkan supaya sebuah badan penyelaras tunggal diwujudkan di peringkat nasional bagi memperkemas tadbir urus, menyelaras pelaksanaan dasar secara menyeluruh dan menjamin kelestarian sekuriti makanan halalan tayyiban di Malaysia.

Halalan tayyiban food security is a sharia requirement that emphasises compliance with the aspects of halal and goodness of food comprehensively, including safety, cleanliness, and nutritional effectiveness for consumers. Empowerment of this principle demands a robust and inclusive policy and legal framework. However, in the context of Malaysia, which consists of a multicultural society with multiple ethnicities and religions, the implementation of halal and wholesome food security faces various constraints in terms of policy, execution, and coordination between agencies. This study is conducted to critically analyse the current legal framework and policies that support the implementation of halalan tayyiban food security in Malaysia. Using a qualitative approach through content analysis methods, this study focusses on the evaluation of relevant acts, government policies, and previous research findings. The study identified four main policies directly and indirectly related to the strengthening of halalan tayyiban food security, namely the National Food Security Policy (DSMN) 2021–2025, the National Halal Policy (DHN) 2025–2035, the Malaysian Halal Industry Master Plan (HIMP) 2030, and the National Agro-Food Policy 2021–2030 (DAN 2.0). Although these policies reflect the government's commitment to the development of a sharia-compliant food system, their implementation still faces several major challenges. Among them are the weaknesses in coordination between implementing agencies, limited support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and the level of technology integration that has not yet reached an optimal stage. In this regard, this study proposes the establishment of a single coordinating body at the national level to streamline governance, coordinate comprehensive policy implementation, and ensure the sustainability of halalan tayyiban food security in Malaysia.