KECENDERUNGAN PENGUNDI INDIA DALAM PILIHAN RAYA UMUM DI MALAYSIA: ANALISIS PRESTASI MALAYSIAN INDIAN CONGRESS (MIC) PASCA PRU KE-12
INDIAN VOTER TENDENCIES IN THE MALAYSIAN GENERAL ELECTION: ANALYSIS OF THE MALAYSIAN INDIAN CONGRESS (MIC) PERFORMANCE AFTER THE 12TH GE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1143015Keywords:
Pengenalpastian Parti (Party Identification), Pilihan Rasional (Rational Choice), Politik Emosi (Emotional Politics), Sosiologi (Sociology), Tingkah Laku Pengundian (Voting Behavior)Abstract
Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif tematik yang bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor-faktor penentu yang membentuk pilihan mengundi dalam kalangan pengundi India di Malaysia dalam tempoh pasca Pilihan Raya Umum ke-12 (PRU-12). Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi memahami perubahan corak tingkah laku politik pengundi India susulan peralihan landskap politik nasional selepas PRU-12. Data kajian diperoleh melalui temu bual kualitatif separa berstruktur bersama 30 orang informan yang mewakli komuniti India. Semua temu bual telah ditranskripsikan dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian NVivo bagi mengenalpasti tema-tema utama yang muncul daripada set data. Pendekatan analisis kajian ini berpandukan model tingkah laku pengundian klasik, iaitu model sosiologi, identifikasi parti dan pilihan rasional. Namun demikian, kajian ini melangkaui kerangka teori konvensional dengan meneliti peranan emosi dalam mempengaruhi proses pembuatan keputusan mengundi. Pengintegrasian dimensi emosi ke dalam analisis membolehkan pemahaman yang lebih menyeluruh terhadap dinamik tingkah laku politik pengundi India di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan berlakunya peralihan yang ketara daripada kesetiaan berasaskan faktor sosiologi dan kepartian kepada motivasi yang lebih rasional serta dipengaruhi oleh emosi. Emosi afektif seperti kemarahan, kekecewaan, rasa tidak puas hati dan aspirasi terhadap maruah, muncul sebagai penentu utama dalam pembentukan pilihan pengundian, sekali gus mencerminkan perubahan landskap politik dan kesedaran politik yang semakin matang dalam kalangan pengundi India pasca PRU-12.
This study adopts a thematic qualitative approach to identify the key determinants shaping voting choices among Indian voters in Malaysia in the post-12th General Election (GE-12) period. The study is motivated by the need to understand the evolving political behaviour of the Indian community following significant electoral realignment after G-12. Research data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 informants representing diverse segments of the Indian community. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and systematically analyzed using NVivo software to identify dominant themes emerging from the data set. The analytical framework of the study is grounded in classical models of voting behaviour, namely the sociological model, party identification and rational choice theory. These models provide the foundational lens for examining structural, partisan, and instrumental considerations influencing voting decisions. However, the study extends beyond conventional theoretical framework by explicitly examining the role of emotions in influencing the voting decisions-making process. The integration of emotional dimensions into the analysis allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the dynamics underpinning political behaviour among Indian voters in Malaysia. The findings reveal a significant shift away from traditional sociological and party-based loyalties towards voting motivations that are increasingly rational and emotionally driven. Affective emotions such as anger, frustrations, dissatisfaction, and aspirations for dignity emerge as key determinants in shaping voting preferences. This shift reflect broader changes in the political landscape and indicates a growing level of political awareness, and maturity among Indian voters in Malaysia in the post-GE12 period.
