PEMAHAMAN ORGANISASI BADAN BUKAN KERAJAAN (NGO) DALAM KONTEKS TADBIR URUS DI MALAYSIA MELALUI TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIK
UNDERSTANDING NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) IN THE CONTEXT OF GOVERNANCE IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1145020Keywords:
Organisasi Badan Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) (Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), Tadbir Urus (Governance), Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (Systematic Literature Review), PRISMA 2020, Malaysia (Malaysian)Abstract
Organisasi Badan Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) memainkan peranan penting dalam pembangunan sosial, ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Malaysia. Keberkesanan sesebuah NGO amat bergantung kepada amalan tadbir urus yang baik bagi memastikan organisasi beroperasi secara telus, berakauntabiliti, berintegriti dan responsif terhadap keperluan pihak berkepentingan. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian berkaitan tadbir urus NGO di Malaysia masih bersifat fragmentasi serta lebih tertumpu kepada aspek pematuhan undang-undang dan pelaporan kewangan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan mensintesis definisi, dimensi utama serta jurang penyelidikan berkaitan tadbir urus NGO dalam konteks Malaysia melalui pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (Systematic Literature Review, SLR). Kajian ini menggunakan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) dalam proses pencarian, pemilihan, penilaian dan sintesis artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2025 daripada pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Dimensions dan MyJurnal. Analisis tematik menunjukkan bahawa tadbir urus NGO ditakrifkan sebagai sistem kepimpinan strategik yang merangkumi struktur pentadbiran, mekanisme akauntabiliti, ketelusan dan pelaporan prestasi bagi memastikan organisasi mencapai matlamat penubuhannya secara berkesan. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti lima dimensi utama tadbir urus NGO, iaitu akauntabiliti, ketelusan, keberkesanan, responsiviti dan struktur lembaga. Selain itu, kajian turut mengenal pasti beberapa jurang penyelidikan, termasuk penekanan yang berlebihan terhadap pematuhan peraturan berbanding tadbir urus strategik, kekurangan kajian mengenai akauntabiliti kepada komuniti penerima manfaat serta keterbatasan kajian empirikal dalam konteks Malaysia. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa terdapat keperluan untuk membangunkan kerangka konseptual tadbir urus NGO yang lebih komprehensif, kontekstual dan berorientasikan nilai bagi memperkukuh keberkesanan, akauntabiliti dan kelestarian NGO di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan kepada penyelidik, pembuat dasar dan pengamal NGO dalam memperkukuh amalan tadbir urus serta meningkatkan keupayaan NGO menyokong pembangunan masyarakat madani.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in Malaysia's social, economic, and governance development. However, the effectiveness of NGOs depends on the implementation of good governance practices that ensure transparency, accountability, integrity, and organizational sustainability. Existing studies on NGO governance remain fragmented and mainly focus on specific aspects, resulting in a limited comprehensive understanding of the concept, dimensions, and challenges of NGO governance. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize the existing literature on NGO governance in the Malaysian context through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The study adopts the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines to identify, screen, assess, and synthesize relevant studies retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, Dimensions, MyJurnal, and Google Scholar. The selected articles meet the predefined inclusion criteria, including peer-reviewed journal publications from 2020 to 2025 that are directly related to NGO governance in Malaysia. The findings are expected to identify the prevailing definitions of NGO governance, key governance dimensions such as accountability, transparency, integrity, leadership, financial management, stakeholder participation, and regulatory compliance, as well as the issues and challenges affecting governance practices. The review is also expected to identify existing research gaps and propose directions for future studies. Overall, this study is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge on NGO governance and serve as a valuable reference for researchers, policymakers, and NGO practitioners in strengthening governance practices within the Malaysian context.
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