IMPLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG ‘TIADA KLAUSA PANDANG BELAKANG’ DALAM KONTRAK INSURANS MALAYSIA BAGI SYARIKAT-SYARIKAT INSURANS DAN PEMEGANG-PEMEGANG POLISI
LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF NO LOOK-BACK CLAUSES IN MALAYSIAN INSURANCE CONTRACTS FOR INSURANCE COMPANIES AND POLICYHOLDERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1145051Keywords:
Insurans (Insurance), Kontrak (Contract), Malaysia, Pandang Belakang (Look-Back)Abstract
Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) sedang mempertimbangkan satu klausa khas untuk Pelan Insurans dan Takaful Perubatan dan Kesihatan (MHIT) Asas yang akan memperkenalkan mekanisme ‘Tiada Klause Pandang Belakang’ bagi melindungi hak pengguna. Mekanisme ini pada asasnya menetapkan bahawa selepas satu tempoh perlindungan berterusan yang dipersetujui, syarikat insurans dan pengendali takaful tidak lagi dibenarkan menolak tuntutan pesakit atas alasan penyakit sedia ada, dan perkara ini juga mengelakkan penolakan tuntutan oleh syarikat insurans dan pengendali takaful kerana kegagalan pendedahan sejarah penyakit pada masa lalu oleh pemegang polisi. Doktrin asas uberrimae fidei atau niat baik sepenuhnya merupakan prinsip tafsiran yang asas dalam kontrak insurans. Walau bagaimanapun, penerapannya perlu dimodenkan bagi mengambil kira ketidakseimbangan kuasa tawar-menawar yang wujud dalam hubungan kontraktual pada masa kini. Artikel ini melibatkan satu kajian kualitatif yang melibatkan kajian secara bersistem mengenai pandangan falsafah dan akademik menerusi literatur. Oleh itu, kajian ini bukanlah satu kajian empirikal, sebaliknya merupakan satu kajian kepustakaan yang bersumberkan pelbagai data primer. Perlindungan hak pengguna dalam bidang ini bergantung kepada prinsip bahawa ketelusan merupakan mekanisme utama dalam membina kepercayaan dalam pasaran insurans.
Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is considering a special clause for the Basic Medical and Health Insurance and Takaful (MHIT) Plan which will introduce a ‘No Look Back Clause’ mechanism to protect consumer rights. This mechanism essentially stipulates that after an agreed period of continuous coverage, insurance companies and takaful operators are no longer allowed to reject a patient’s claim on the grounds of pre-existing conditions, and it also prevents the rejection of claims due to failure to disclose past medical history, the aim being to provide long-term certainty so that policyholders are not ‘stuck’ when protection is needed most. The fundamental doctrine of uberrimae fidei or absolute good faith is a fundamental interpretative principle in insurance contracts. However, its application needs to be modernised to take into account the imbalance of bargaining power that exists in contractual relationships today. This is a qualitative study involving a systematic review of philosophical and academic views through the literature. Therefore, this study is not an empirical study, but rather a literature review sourced from various primary data. The protection of consumer rights in this area relies on the principle that transparency is a key mechanism in building trust in the insurance market.
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