TADBIR URUS KESELAMATAN SIBER BERPUSATKAN RAKYAT: PERANAN PENGANTARAAN LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM KALANGAN MANGSA PENIPUAN SIBER DI MALAYSIA
CITIZEN-CENTRED CYBERSECURITY GOVERNANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG CYBER-FRAUD VICTIMS IN MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1145055Keywords:
Jurang Digital (Digital Divide), Kerajaan Digital (Digital Government), Literasi Digital (Digital Literacy), Pelaksanaan Dasar (Policy Implementation), Penipuan Siber (Cyber Fraud), Tadbir Urus Keselamatan Siber (Cybersecurity Governance)Abstract
Pendigitalan perkhidmatan awam telah memperluas akses kepada maklumat rasmi, kempen kesedaran, saluran pelaporan dan mekanisme perlindungan keselamatan siber. Namun, peranan literasi digital dalam hubungan antara orientasi sosiobudaya dengan persepsi terhadap pelaksanaan dasar keselamatan siber masih belum jelas, khususnya dalam kalangan mangsa penipuan siber. Kajian ini menguji literasi digital sebagai pemboleh ubah pengantara dalam hubungan tersebut. Tinjauan keratan rentas dijalankan terhadap 500 warganegara Malaysia berumur 18 tahun ke atas yang pernah menjadi mangsa penipuan siber dan telah membuat laporan polis. Data dianalisis menggunakan pemodelan persamaan berstruktur kuasa dua terkecil separa (PLS-SEM). Orientasi sosiobudaya mempunyai hubungan negatif yang signifikan dengan literasi digital. Literasi digital pula mempunyai hubungan positif yang tinggi dengan persepsi terhadap pelaksanaan dasar (β = 0.912). Hubungan langsung antara orientasi sosiobudaya dengan persepsi terhadap pelaksanaan dasar tidak signifikan, manakala hubungan tidak langsung melalui literasi digital adalah signifikan (β = −0.404). Model menerangkan 82.9 peratus varians persepsi terhadap pelaksanaan dasar dalam sampel kajian. Walau bagaimanapun, nilai HTMT sebanyak 0.952 menunjukkan kemungkinan pertindihan empirikal antara literasi digital dengan persepsi terhadap pelaksanaan dasar. Oleh itu, kekuatan hubungan antara kedua-duanya perlu ditafsir dengan berhati-hati. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa literasi digital berkait rapat dengan cara mangsa menilai pelaksanaan dasar keselamatan siber. Komunikasi dasar yang jelas tentang tindakan yang perlu diambil, saluran pelaporan yang mudah digunakan dan latihan literasi digital berasaskan situasi sebenar wajar diberi perhatian dalam tadbir urus keselamatan siber.
The digitalisation of public services has expanded access to official information, awareness campaigns, reporting channels and cybersecurity protection mechanisms. However, the role of digital literacy in the relationship between sociocultural orientation and perceptions of cybersecurity policy implementation remains unclear, particularly among cyber fraud victims. This study examines digital literacy as a mediating variable in that relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 500 Malaysian citizens aged 18 and above who had experienced cyber fraud and filed a police report. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sociocultural orientation had a significant negative association with digital literacy. Digital literacy, in turn, had a strong positive association with perceptions of policy implementation (β = 0.912). The direct association between sociocultural orientation and perceptions of policy implementation was not significant, whereas the indirect association through digital literacy was significant (β = −0.404). The model explained 82.9% of the variance in perceptions of policy implementation within the study sample. However, the HTMT value of 0.952 indicates possible empirical overlap between digital literacy and perceptions of policy implementation. The strength of the association between the two should therefore be interpreted with caution. The findings show that digital literacy is closely associated with how victims assess cybersecurity policy implementation. Policy communication that clearly explains what actions to take, accessible reporting channels and digital literacy training based on real-world scenarios warrant attention in cybersecurity governance.
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