PENEROKAAN TINGKAH LAKU RISIKO PENONTON TERHADAP KAWALAN KESELAMATAN DIKALANGAN PASUKAN POLIS DI STADIUM BOLA SEPAK,MALAYSIA: EXPLORATION OF SPECTATORS' RISK BEHAVIOR TOWARDS SECURITY CONTROL AMONG POLICE TEAMS AT FOOTBALL STADIUMS, MALAYSIA - Nor Razireen Ahmad Tarmizi; Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee; Inderjit Singh Tara Singh, (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW, GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNICATION (IJLGC), 2024)
Abstrak: Di Malaysia isu keganasan peminat bola sepak bukanlah isu baru. Malah, isu ini semakin menjadi-jadi sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini. Semasa perlawanan kelayakan Piala Dunia 2022/Piala Asia 2023 antara Malaysia dan Indonesia pada 19 November 2019 dicemari insiden kekecohan di luar Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil sebaik perlawanan tamat. Organisasi keselamatan termasuk Pasukan Unit Simpanan Persekutuan (FRU) dan polis telah dikerahkan untuk mengawal seluruh kawasan stadium dengan mengadakan kawalan yang lebih ketat di pintu masuk bagi memastikan penonton tidak membawa bunga api atau sebarang objek yang boleh menyebabkan keadaan huru-hara dan tidak stabil. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengkaji hubungan antara tingkah laku risiko penonton terhadap kawalan keselamatan dikalangan pasukan polis di Stadium Bola Sepak. Seramai 260 anggota yang terlibat dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM), Hasil dapatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian komputer Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 29.0 dan model laluan dianalisis dengan SEM menggunakan perisian SmartPLS versi 4.3. Dua elemen tingkah laku risiko penonton yang terdiri daripada kesesakan penonton dan senjata telah dipilih sebagai pembolehubah tidak bersandar (IV). Manakala, keselamatan pasukan polis telah dijadikan sebagai pembolehubah bersandar (DV) dalam kajian ini. Elemen kawalan keselamatan dimasukkan sebagai pembolehubah pengantara (MV). Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa semua elemen pembolehubah tidak bersandar dalam kajian ini mempunyai hubungan signifikan dan positif iaitu (p<0.001) antara tingkah laku risiko (TLR) dengan keselamatan pasukan polis (KPP). Manakala, kemasukan pembolehubah pengantara kawalan keselamatan sedikit sebanyak memberi impak kepada keselamatan pasukan polis. Sebagai kesimpulannya, kajian ini akan menyumbang terhadap mewujudkan model dalam bidang pengetahuan dan polisi bagi membantu meningkatkan tahap keselamatan dalam penugasan pasukan polis di dalam stadium bola sepak. Abstract: In Malaysia, the issue of violence by football fans is not a new issue. In fact, this issue has become more common in recent years. During the World Cup 2022/Asian Cup 2023 qualifying match between Malaysia and Indonesia on 19 November 2019, an incident of commotion outside the Bukit Jalil National Stadium was marred after the match ended. Security organizations including the Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) and the police have been deployed to guard the entire stadium area with tighter controls at the entrance to ensure spectators do not bring fireworks or any other objects that may cause chaos and instability. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between spectator risk behavior and security control among the police force at the Football Stadium. A total of 260 members involved in this study consist of the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM). The findings were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 29.0 computer software and the path model was analyzed with SEM using the Smart PLS version 4.3 software. Two elements of audience risk behavior consisting of audience crowding and weapons were selected as independent variables (IV). Meanwhile, the safety of the police force has been used as a dependent variable (DV) in this study. The safety control element was included as a mediating variable (MV). The findings of the study also show that all elements of independent variables in this study have a significant and positive relationship which is (p<0.001) between risk behavior (TLR) and police force safety (KPP). Meanwhile, the inclusion of mediating variables of security control to some extent has an impact on the security of the police force. In conclusion, this study will contribute to creating a model in the field of knowledge and policy to help improve the level of security in the assignment of police forces in football stadiums.