Ammalina Dalillah Mohd Isa, Roziah Sidik @ Mat Sidek, Napisah Karimah Ismail, Nurliyana Mohd Talib and Afeez Nawfal Mohd Isa 2025. PERANAN KAPAL SEBAGAI ALAT STRATEGIK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN DAN PENGUKUHAN KUASA UTHMANIYYAH: THE USE OF SHIPS AS A STRATEGIC ASSET IN THE FORMATION AND EXPANSION OF OTTOMAN AUTHORITY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW, GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNICATION (IJLGC). 10, 40 (Jun. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.1040028.