INTEGRASI TEORI PEMBELAJARAN DAN MODEL REKA BENTUK PENGAJARAN DALAM MEMBANGUNKAN STRATEGI PENGAJARAN EFEKTIF ABAD KE-21
INTEGRASI TEORI PEMBELAJARAN DAN MODEL REKA BENTUK PENGAJARAN DALAM MEMBANGUNKAN STRATEGI PENGAJARAN EFEKTIF ABAD KE-21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.830020Keywords:
Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (Twenty-First Century Learning), Konstruktivisme (Constructivism), Reka Bentuk Pengajaran (Instructional Design), Strategi Pengajaran (Teaching Strategies), Teori Pembelajaran (Learning Theories), AddieAbstract
Dalam era pendidikan yang dipacu oleh teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan (AI), pembangunan strategi pengajaran yang efektif memerlukan integrasi antara teori pembelajaran dan model reka bentuk pengajaran. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis secara kritikal peranan tiga teori pembelajaran utama, iaitu behaviorisme, kognitivisme dan konstruktivisme, serta beberapa model reka bentuk pengajaran seperti ADDIE, ASSURE, Design Thinking dan Dick & Carey dalam membentuk strategi pengajaran yang berkesan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis literatur dengan mensintesis dapatan kajian terdahulu bagi mengenal pasti kekuatan, batasan dan kesesuaian setiap teori dan model dalam usaha memperkukuhkan pengalaman pembelajaran murid. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa tiada satu teori atau model yang unggul secara mutlak, sebaliknya keberkesanan pengajaran bergantung kepada keupayaan guru mengintegrasikan pelbagai pendekatan secara komplementari. Oleh itu, pendekatan hibrid yang menggabungkan struktur sistematik, fleksibiliti pedagogi dan integrasi teknologi dilihat sebagai pendekatan yang paling sesuai dalam pendidikan abad ke-21.
In an era of education driven by technology and artificial intelligence (AI), the development of effective teaching strategies requires the integration of learning theories and instructional design models. This article aims to critically analyze the roles of three main learning theories, namely behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism, as well as several instructional design models such as ADDIE, ASSURE, Design Thinking, and Dick & Carey in shaping effective teaching strategies. This study employs a literature analysis approach by synthesizing previous research findings to identify the strengths, limitations, and suitability of each theory and model in efforts to enhance students' learning experiences. The results of the analysis show that there is no single theory or model that is absolutely superior; instead, the effectiveness of teaching depends on the teacher's ability to integrate various approaches complementarily. Therefore, a hybrid approach that combines systematic structure, pedagogical flexibility, and technology integration is seen as the most suitable approach in 21st-century education.
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