Mohd Faizal, M.S. and Osman, K. 2026. KAJIAN TINDAKAN: MEMPERKASA PEMIKIRAN KRITIS DAN PEMBELAJARAN KENDIRI DALAM SUBJEK SAINS TINGKATAN 1 MELALUI AI: EMPOWERING CRITICAL THINKING AND SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING IN FORM 1 SCIENCE SUBJECT THROUGH AI: AN ACTION RESEARCH. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN EDUCATION (IJMOE). 8, 29 (Mar. 2026), 679–699. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.829041.