INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN EDUCATION (IJMOE)

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AI IN ASSESSING ESL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING IN COMPARISON TO RUBRIC-BASED ASSESSMENT AND TOULMIN’S MODEL OF ARGUMENTATION

Farous Izwan Abdul Aziz — 2025-09-27

Mastering argumentative writing is essential for ESL university students, yet many continue to face challenges in structuring logical arguments, providing evidence, and articulating ideas effectively. This study examines their writing proficiency through rubric-based assessment and Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, while also comparing AI-assisted grading with human evaluation. A total of 72 student essays were analysed to assess argument structure, reasoning, and language proficiency. Results indicate that while students consistently present claims and grounds, they often struggle with incorporating warrants, backing, and rebuttals. Additional issues include weak organisation, repetitive reasoning, and frequent grammatical errors that impair clarity. AI-based grading demonstrated efficiency in evaluating grammar and structure but tended to be stricter than human evaluators. The findings highlight the importance of explicit instruction in argumentation, the integration of Toulmin’s Model into ESL pedagogy, and targeted grammar interventions. AI assessment tools, while operationally beneficial, should augment rather than supplant human evaluators to maintain holistic judgment. Strengthening these areas can enhance students’ critical thinking and overall writing performance.

GAMIFYING TEACHER PREPARATION: EVALUATING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ ACCEPTANCE OF MINECRAFT EDUCATION IN DESIGN-BASED LEARNING

Wee-Ling Tan — 2025-10-13

Digital technologies are becoming increasingly central to education. Therefore, providing educators of the future with the skills to use innovative tools is crucial. Digital game-based learning (DGBL) platforms, for example Minecraft Education Edition (MEE), have transformative potential for classrooms in the 21st century. Nevertheless, numerous pre-teachers are unable to effectively integrate such platforms. This quantitative study examined the readiness of pre-service teachers to use MEE through the technology acceptance model (TAM). The study focused on the influence of perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitudes toward use (ATU), facilitating conditions (FC), and perceived usefulness (PU). This study involved 95 participants attending a Minecraft Teacher Academy workshop. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that FC significantly influenced PU and PEOU. The PEOU mediated the relationship between FC and ATU. These results highlighted the importance of supportive training environments that enhance ease of use and perceived value, which increase pre-service teachers’ confidence and intention to incorporate MEE into teaching practices. This study contributed to the discourse on teacher education digital pedagogies and presented implications for designing professional development programmes and curriculum innovation in technology-enhanced learning.

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN TEACHER EDUCATION: UNPACKING TRAINEE TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS, BENEFITS, AND BARRIERS

Jayemogen Shanmugam — 2025-09-16

This study examines trainee teachers’ perceptions of technology integration in classroom instruction, focusing on its perceived benefits and challenges. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 100 trainee teachers at Universiti Selangor through questionnaires and open-ended responses. The findings reveal that most respondents view educational technology positively, recognising its role in enhancing student engagement, supporting differentiated instruction, and streamlining classroom management. Frequently used platforms include Google Classroom, Kahoot, and Canva. However, despite their enthusiasm, many respondents identified significant barriers to effective implementation. These include insufficient training, limited access to digital infrastructure, and a lack of consistent institutional support, particularly during practicum placements. While many trainees expressed confidence in using technology, gaps in hands-on training and institutional backing remain pressing concerns. The study concludes that for successful technology integration, teacher education programmes must provide structured, experiential digital training and address infrastructural limitations. These efforts are essential to preparing future educators for the demands of digitally enriched learning environments.

KONSEP DAN FUNGSI MURSYID DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER MURID: PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK MENURUT AL-GHAZALI

Mohd Hafni Abd Halim — 2025-09-30

Artikel ini membincangkan konsep dan fungsi mursyid dalam pembentukan karakter murid menurut kerangka pendidikan akhlak Imam al-Ghazali. Dalam menghadapi cabaran pendidikan moden yang lebih menekankan pencapaian akademik dan cenderung mengabaikan dimensi spiritual, pemikiran al-Ghazali menawarkan asas yang signifikan bagi membina model pendidikan akhlak yang holistik dan berteraskan nilai kerohanian. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan teoretikal, dengan kaedah metodologi analisis dokumen terhadap karya klasik Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din serta sorotan sistematik terhadap kajian kontemporari yang relevan dari tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Melalui metodologi ini, tema-tema utama pendidikan akhlak seperti tazkiyah al-nafs, qudwah hasanah, dan hubungan spiritual antara guru dan murid telah dianalisis secara kritis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa mursyid dalam perspektif al-Ghazali bukan sekadar penyampai ilmu, tetapi merupakan pembimbing rohani yang berperanan dalam menyucikan jiwa, membentuk akhlak mulia melalui teladan, serta menanam nilai kehidupan rabbani dalam diri murid. Berdasarkan dapatan ini, kajian telah membentuk satu model konseptual pendidikan akhlak yang menggabungkan unsur kerohanian, interaksi guru-murid, dan pembentukan karakter berasaskan kerangka pemikiran Islam klasik. Model ini dirumus sebagai satu sumbangan teoritikal ke arah memperkukuh sistem pendidikan Islam yang menyeluruh dan seimbang dari aspek intelek, emosi, dan spiritual. Kajian ini mengemukakan implikasi penting terhadap pembangunan kurikulum pendidikan Islam kontemporari, khususnya dalam memperkasa peranan guru sebagai pembentuk jiwa dan akhlak, serta menyepadukan dimensi tazkiyah dalam falsafah dan pelaksanaan pendidikan akhlak. Rumusannya, gagasan pendidikan al-Ghazali memberikan asas yang kukuh bagi pembinaan model pendidikan akhlak yang berpaksikan nilai tradisi dan responsif terhadap keperluan semasa.

This article discusses the concept and function of the murshid (spiritual guide) in shaping students’ character based on the moral educational framework of Imam al-Ghazali. In light of the challenges of modern education often overly focused on academic achievement while neglecting spiritual dimensions al-Ghazali’s thought provides a significant foundation for developing a holistic moral education model grounded in spiritual values. This study adopts a conceptual and theoretical approach, employing a document analysis methodology focused on al-Ghazali’s classical work Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, supported by a systematic review of contemporary studies published between 2020 and 2025. Through this methodology, key moral education themes such as tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification), qudwah hasanah (exemplary conduct), and spiritual teacher-student relationships are critically examined.The findings indicate that, from al-Ghazali’s perspective, a murshid is not merely a transmitter of knowledge, but a spiritual mentor who plays a vital role in purifying the soul, nurturing ethical character through moral exemplarity, and instilling divine purpose in students. Based on these insights, the study formulates a conceptual model of moral education that integrates spirituality, teacher-student interaction, and character formation grounded in classical Islamic pedagogy. This model is presented as a theoretical contribution to strengthen a comprehensive and balanced Islamic education system intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually.The study also outlines important implications for contemporary Islamic education, especially in empowering teachers as moral and spiritual mentors, embedding tazkiyah in curriculum design, and rethinking the philosophy and implementation of character education. In conclusion, al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy offers a profound and relevant foundation for building a moral education model that is rooted in tradition and responsive to contemporary challenges.

THREE LEVELS AND SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION: A REVIEW

Norfatimah Ahmad Tarmizi — 2025-10-15

Schools are an organization that requires a cultural process to preserve the development of knowledge among organizational citizens. Learning organizations are a culture that is very practical to practice in schools. Practicing of learning organizations in schools has been widely discussed in existing research. However, most of last research only discusses the level of learning organization as a whole. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of practice of the seven dimensions of the learning organization, which have been divided into three levels, among 377 primary school teachers. This study was also conducted to identify the dimensions of more practiced learning organizations among teachers. This study is quantitative, using the survey method. The research instrument is a questionnaire consisting of two sections. A total of 43 items were adapted from the "Dimensions of Learning Organizations Questionnaire" instrument used for this study to evaluate each dimension in the learning organization, namely the communication system dimensions, networking system, empowerment, leadership for learning, continuous learning dimension, dialogue and inquiry, dimension and team learning dimension. The findings of this study showed that the organizational level (M = 4.55, SP = 0.63) and the dialogue and inquiry dimensions (M = 4.02, SP = 0.66) were at the highest level. Researchers hope that this study can serve as a guide and contribute to the development of an organization, especially schools.

FACTORS INFLUENCING EDUCATORS' ADOPTION OF AI IN HIGHER EDUCATIONS

Loga Thurghaa Sivaraja — 2025-09-27

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is significantly altering the ways in which knowledge is delivered, accessed, and assessed. As AI tools become more embedded in academic settings, their acceptance by educators is influenced by several critical factors: pedagogical beliefs, which affect their willingness to embrace AI enhanced teaching methods; self-efficacy, which indicates the confidence and skills necessary for effective AI utilization; and the speed of technological Advancement, which impacts the availability and relevance of AI tools in educational contexts. This research utilized a qualitative case study approach to investigate these factors within specific higher education institutions. The data collection process included the examination and thematic analysis of curriculum design documents, faculty development frameworks, and institutional AI strategy reports. This methodology yielded rich, contextual insights into how educators' perceptions and institutional preparedness affect AI adoption in teaching and learning. The results indicate that the successful integration of AI relies on cultivating positive pedagogical attitudes, improving digital self-efficacy, and aligning institutional strategies with swift technological advancements. Ongoing adaptation and support are essential to ensure that educators are equipped and motivated to integrate AI into pedagogical practices that prepare students for the future.

EXPLORING EDUCATORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF AI TOOLS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A TAM-BASED CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY

Wee-Ling Tan — 2025-10-10

As global education systems are growing digital, the effective adoption and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) among the educators have emerged as a crucial focal point. Hence, this research studied Southeast Asian educators’ AI tool integration perceptions, directed by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) levels across the Southeast Asian countries and teaching levels. Quantitative data were collected from 35 educators across Southeast Asian countries via questionnaire, and descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and Pearson correlation tests were conducted. The results revealed well-defined adoption patterns whereby Malaysia and the Philippines displayed the highest PU and PEOU, showing mature adoption phases. Timor-Leste and Brunei also recorded high PEOU scores but slightly lower PU scores than Malaysia and the Philippines, indicating good navigation on the AI platform but not utilising AI tools. Conversely, Cambodia exhibited low PU and PEOU, indicating a low level of digital readiness. Unusually, Laos has high PEOU but low PU, indicating issues between perceived accessibility and tool usability, while Singapore exhibits high PU but lower PEOU due to the complexity of the system. These findings highlight a growing readiness among educators to embrace AI yet results also reveal the need for targeted professional development, localised digital policy support, and context-sensitive pedagogical frameworks. The research results concluded that AI use is gaining momentum in Southeast Asia with its transformative potential power.

AI-DRIVEN PERSONALIZED LEARNING PATHWAYS: TRANSFORMING EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES THROUGH ADAPTIVE CONTENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Sellappan Palaniappan — 2025-10-27

This study presents a comprehensive AI-driven personalized learning system that transforms educational outcomes through adaptive content delivery mechanisms. We developed and evaluated an intelligent learning platform that leverages machine learning algorithms to create individualized learning pathways for diverse student populations. The platform utilizes student clustering, prediction algorithms of performance, and content recommendation systems to provide individualized learning experiences. Our empirical test with 500 students, 100 units of content, and 5,000 learning interactions shows significant educational outcome gains. The AI system attained 78.5% completion prediction accuracy and low prediction error of performance (MSE = 0.0112). Most importantly, students who utilized the personalized learning paths saw a mean 11.7% improvement in performance and a 6.3% increase in completion rates compared to the conventional means of learning. The platform successfully segmented four learner clusters, allowing for targeted intervention on underachieving students, average ones, high-achieving ones, and fast learners. Our findings provide compelling evidence that AI-driven personalization can forcefully counteract the inadequacies of one-size-fits-all education, with great potential for the advancement of educational equity and learning efficiency.

ELEMEN FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN DALAM KANDUNGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN KESIHATAN MELALUI SIRI FILEM ANIMASI UPIN DAN IPIN

Siti Aisyah Yap Abdullah — 2025-09-16

Penjagaan kesihatan dalam bentuk hiburan filem animasi merupakan antara kandungan pendidikan pada masa kini terhadap golongan kanak-kanak. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan generasi pelapis masyarakat golongan muda terhindar dari masalah pengabaian penjagaan kesihatan terhadap fizikal, rohani, emosi dan intelektual yang merupakan elemen utama yang terdapat di dalam falsafah pendidikan negara sebagai modal pembangunan insan. Oleh itu, artikel ini menggunakan model proses pembelajaran secara formal, tidak formal, kurikulum tersembunyi dan kurikulum tidak langsung untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen utama tersebut. Dari sudut metodologi, kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kajian perpustakaan dan analisis kandungan data dari filem animasi yang ditonton. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa siri animasi Upin dan Ipin merupakan antara agen pendidikan kepada penonton untuk mengamalkan gaya hidup yang sihat.

Health care delivered through animated films represents a significant educational content for children in contemporary society. The objective is to ensure that the younger generation is safeguarded against neglecting health care concerning physical, mental, emotional, and intellectual well-being, which are essential elements outlined in the national education philosophy as part of human development. Therefore, this article employs models of formal and informal learning processes, hidden curriculum, and indirect curriculum to analyze these key elements. From a methodological perspective, this qualitative study utilizes library research and content analysis of data from the viewed animated films. The findings indicate that the Upin and Ipin animated series serves as an educational agent for viewers to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

TRAINERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON DELIVERING CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD) TRAINING AT THE INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND FOREIGN RELATIONS (IDFR)

Nur Farhah Nayli Sharil Azman — 2025-09-30

In the modern, rapidly evolving, and linked global landscape, diplomats must exhibit adaptability, cultural competence, and possess current knowledge to effectively tackle international difficulties. Continuous Professional Development (CPD), especially pre-posting training, is essential for equipping diplomatic officers to meet these demands. Traditional CPD approaches, typically reliant on lecture-based formats, are widely regarded as obsolete and detached from the actual demands of diplomatic practice. Major concerns encompass inconsistent delivery, insufficient institutional support, restricted digital access, and inflexible training frameworks. This study examines the perspectives of trainers at the Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR) on the effectiveness of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes, with an emphasis on how adult learning theories are integrated into their design and delivery. This study adopted a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews conducted with four experienced trainers. The interview findings reveal strong support for learner-centered, experiential, and self-directed learning approaches, grounded in the principles of andragogy and heutagogy. Nevertheless, trainers encounter obstacles including institutional rigidity and constrained resources. This research underscores the importance of integrating adult learning principles into the design of CPD programmes and calls for greater institutional commitment to cultivating flexible, responsive, and collaborative training environments that address the evolving professional development needs of diplomatic officers.

STUDENT DEVELOPMENT IN CREATIVE MULTIMEDIA IN MALAYSIA

Suguna Olakanathan — 2025-10-15

The field of student development in creative multimedia technology is expanding rapidly in Malaysia, driven by national initiatives aimed at integrating digital creativity into the education system. This study examines how government policies, educational reforms, and institutional practices contribute to the development of students’ creative multimedia skills within the Malaysian context. Employing an empirical content analysis method, relevant policy documents, curriculum frameworks, and institutional reports were systematically reviewed and analysed using NVivo-based clustering techniques. The findings reveal that strategic government initiatives, curriculum reforms, and specialised institutions have collectively strengthened students’ creative problem-solving skills and technological competencies. The results also highlight the importance of aligning policies with classroom practices to ensure effective integration of multimedia technologies in education. The study concludes that sustained policy support and curriculum innovation are crucial for enhancing students' skills in creative multimedia. Future research should assess the effects of multimedia strategies on student engagement, attitudes, and competency development. Embracing these approaches can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of their benefits in educational settings.

CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING REMOTE LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH

Wan Nur Afiqah Zulkefli — 2025-09-16

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid transition from traditional classrooms to remote learning, creating both opportunities and challenges. This study investigates factors influencing remote learning effectiveness among secondary school students. Using a quantitative design, structured surveys measured technological readiness, attitudes, motivation, and perceptions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that attitude, motivation, and perception significantly impact learning success, with student readiness, engagement, and satisfaction playing key roles. Addressing technological barriers, fostering participation, and enhancing teachers’ digital skills emerged as essential strategies. The study also emphasizes supportive home environments and attention to students’ psychological well-being. Findings offer practical guidance for creating inclusive, resilient, and adaptive educational systems prepared for future disruptions.

KEMENDIRIAN SOSIOEKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELAYU DALAM SAUDAGAR BESAR DARI KUALA LUMPUR

Abdul Wahab Alias — 2025-10-10

Sesebuah karya yang dihasilkan oleh seseorang pengarang sering memaparkan rentetan peristiwa yang diadun di dalam karyanya secara tidak langsung merupakan pandangan pengarang terhadap persoalan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Frasa tujuan menemukan kepada karya sasterawan Negara Keris Mas, novel Saudagar Besar dari Kuala Lumpur dengan tujuan menemukan pemikiran atau mitos pengarang yang menyentuh isu sosioekonomi Bumiputera di dalam teks dan bagaimana Bumiputera mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Bagi memastikan objektif kajian ini tercapai, kajian ini akan mengaplikasikan pendekatan mitologi Barthes secara berstruktur dengan mengenal pasti tanda dan seterusnya menganalisis makna di dalam teks. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapatnya tanda dan makna yang ada kaitan dengan punca permasalahan sosioekonomi Bumiputera dan penyelesaiannya. Turut digarap perlaksanaan Dasar Ekonomi Baharu (DEB) yang diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan bertujuan untuk membasmi kemiskinan terutama dalam kalangan masyarakat Bumiputera. Implikasinya, sebagai petunjuk melalui DEB kerajaan menggalakkan masyarakat luar bandar terutamanya Melayu meninggalkan pekerjaan tradisi dengan menceburi bidang pekerjaan baharu yang berkaitan dengan usahawan untuk meningkatkan taraf pendapatan dan ekonomi masyarakat tempatan.

A work produced by an author often displays a series of events that are blended in his work, which indirectly represents the author's view of the problems that occur in society. The purpose phrase is to find the work of the National writer Keris Mas, the novel Saudagar Besar from Kuala Lumpur with the aim of finding the author's thoughts or myths that touch on Bumiputera socioeconomic issues in the text and how Bumiputera overcome these problems. To ensure that the objectives of this study are achieved, this study will apply Barthes' mythology approach in a structured way by identifying signs and then analyzing the meaning in the text. The findings show that there are signs and meanings that are related to the causes of Bumiputera socioeconomic problems and their solutions. Also being worked on is the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced by the government with the aim of eradicating poverty, especially among the Bumiputera community. The implication is that as a guide through the NEP, the government encourages rural communities, especially Malays, to leave traditional jobs by venturing into new job fields related to entrepreneurs to improve the income and economic standards of the local community.

ULASAN SISTEMATIK LITERATUR (SLR) MENGENAI INTEGRASI KECERDASAN BUATAN DALAM PENGAJARAN LITERASI BAHASA MELAYU

Nazmie Kendaran — 2025-10-27

Artikel ini membentangkan satu ulasan sistematik literatur (Systematic Literature Review, SLR) yang memfokuskan kepada penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Literasi Bahasa Melayu di peringkat sekolah rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti trend penyelidikan, potensi penggunaan AI, cabaran pelaksanaannya, serta jurang kajian yang masih wujud dalam bidang ini. Carian literatur dilaksanakan menggunakan kata kunci seperti “AI”, “literasi”, “Bahasa Melayu”, dan “pendidikan” dalam pangkalan data Google Scholar dan Scopus bagi tempoh 2019–2024. Sebanyak empat artikel utama telah dikenal pasti dan dianalisis secara kritikal. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa AI mempunyai potensi besar untuk meningkatkan literasi melalui pembelajaran yang diperibadikan dan pemberian maklum balas segera. Namun, pelaksanaan AI masih berdepan kekangan seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur, kurangnya latihan guru, dan kekurangan sumber data korpus Bahasa Melayu. Artikel ini turut mencadangkan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif berbentuk kajian kes sebagai asas penyelidikan lanjutan. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu penyelidik dan penggubal dasar merangka pendekatan yang lebih berkesan, inklusif, dan relevan dengan konteks pendidikan literasi berasaskan AI di Malaysia.

This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focusing on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the teaching and learning of Malay language literacy at the primary school level. The purpose of this study is to identify research trends, potential applications of AI, implementation challenges, and existing research gaps in this field. The literature search was conducted using keywords such as “AI”, “literacy”, “Malay language”, and “education” across databases including Google Scholar and Scopus, covering the period from 2019 to 2024. A total of four key articles were identified and critically analyzed. The findings reveal that AI holds significant potential to enhance literacy through personalized learning and the provision of immediate feedback. However, the implementation of AI remains constrained by challenges such as limited infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, and the lack of a comprehensive Malay language corpus. This article further proposes a qualitative case study design as a foundation for future research. The implications of this study are expected to assist researchers and policymakers in formulating more effective, inclusive, and contextually relevant AI-based literacy education approaches in Malaysia.

EXPLORING ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND ETHICAL CONCERNS ON THE USE OF AI (LLMS) IN COURSEWORK

Nik Nurul Aswani Nik Kamarudin — 2025-09-30

This study examines accounting students’ perceptions and ethical concerns regarding the use of large language models (LLMs) in academic coursework. Specifically, it explores patterns of AI tool usage, perceived educational benefits and risks, and students’ views on acceptable practices in accounting education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 160 undergraduate accounting students from a Malaysian public university using a structured online questionnaire that included both closed- and open-ended items. The findings indicate widespread use of AI tools, particularly for drafting assignments, clarifying concepts, and solving tutorial questions, with most students viewing them as effective learning aids. Despite this, concerns about academic dishonesty, overdependence on AI, and a lack of clear ethical guidelines were common. Students emphasized the need for institutional policies, AI literacy training, and responsible integration strategies. These insights have important implications for educators and policymakers seeking to support ethical AI adoption while upholding academic integrity in accounting education.

“PENDIDIKAN ANTIRASUAH SEBAGAI ASAS NILAI MAHASISWA: SUATU TINJAUAN KUALITATIF DI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS”

Nor Hafizan Habib Sultan — 2025-10-15

Pendidikan antirasuah memainkan peranan penting dalam memupuk budaya integriti dalam kalangan mahasiswa, namun keberkesanannya banyak bergantung pada tahap kefahaman, penghayatan dan pengalaman pelajar. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka bagaimana pelajar universiti mentafsir pendidikan antirasuah sebagai asas pembentukan nilai moral, etika dan integriti dalam kehidupan peribadi dan profesional mereka. Walaupun pelbagai inisiatif telah dilaksanakan diperingkat institusi pengajian tinggi, terdapat jurang pemahaman mendalam terhadap bagaimana nilai ini diinternalisasi oleh mahasiswa. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan kajian kes melibatkan 98 pelajar dari pelbagai fakulti di Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Data diperolehi melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati pelajar memahami pendidikan antirasuah melalui empat dimensi utama: (i) pengalaman pembelajaran dan pendedahan mahasiswa, (ii) pembentukan nilai moral dan etika (iii) usaha sisematik masyarakat (iv) panduan kehidupan dalam menghadapi cabaran profesional. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman lebih holistik mengenai pendidikan antirasuah dalam kalangan pelajar universiti, serta memberi implikasi penting terhadap reka bentuk dasar pendidikan tinggi. Penemuan ini menggesa pendekatan pengajaran yang lebih kontekstual dan reflektif dalam menyemai nilai integriti serta memastikan pendidikan antirasuah bukan sekadar pengisian kurikulum, tetapi sebagai alat transformasi karakter generasi muda.

Anti-corruption education plays a vital role in fostering a culture of integrity among university students; however, its effectiveness largely depends on the level of students’ understanding, internalisation, and lived experience. This study aims to explore how university students interpret anti-corruption education as a foundation for developing moral, ethical, and integrity-based values in their personal and professional lives. Although various initiatives have been implemented at the higher education level, there remains a gap in understanding how these values are internalised by students. This research employed a qualitative case study approach involving 98 students from various faculties at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students understand anti-corruption education through four main dimensions: (i) learning experiences and student exposure, (ii) the development of moral and ethical values, (iii) systematic societal efforts, and (iv) guidance for navigating professional challenges. This study contributes to a more holistic understanding of anti-corruption education among university students and has important implications for the design of higher education policies. The findings call for a more contextual and reflective teaching approach in instilling integrity values, ensuring that anti-corruption education is not merely a curricular component, but a transformative tool for shaping the character of the younger generation.

PENGINTEGRASIAN SENI VISUAL DI DALAM PENGAJARAN PERLEMBAGAAN NEGARA MELALUI KURSUS JATI DIRI KEBANGSAAN

Norfiza Apfandi — 2025-09-16

Cabaran arus globalisasi kini mendorong Malaysia mengambil inisiatif penting iaitu mewujudkan masyarakat yang mempunyai nilai jati diri yang tinggi terutamanya dalam kalangan golongan belia. Dalam konteks pendidikan, seni bukan hanya dilihat sebagai satu bentuk ekspresi kreatif tetapi juga sebagai alat untuk membangunkan pemikiran kritikal, kemahiran sosial, dan kecerdasan emosi pelajar. Oleh itu, pengintegrasian seni visual dalam pengajaran Perlembagaan Negara melalui kursus Jati Diri Kebangsaan dalam kalangan pelajar universiti adalah bertujuan untuk mewujudkan kaedah pembelajaran yang lebih menarik, efektif dan boleh meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan meneroka bagaimanakah pengintegrasian seni visual khususnya seni lukisan boleh dilakukan dalam pengajaran topik Perlembagaan Negara melalui kursus Jati Diri Kebangsaan dan impaknya kepada pemahaman pelajar. Seterusnya, apakah cabaran dan potensi yang boleh diketengahkan pada masa hadapan melalui pengintegrasian seni visual ini dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran kursus Jati Diri Kebangsaan. Reka bentuk kajian kualitatif ini berdasarkan metodologi ‘Penyelidikan Berasaskan Seni’ dengan membuat tinjauan terhadap 13 orang responden dalam kalangan pelajar Asasipintar Antarabangsa, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia berumur 17 hingga 19 tahun. Analisis dokumen dilakukan terhadap data yang diperolehi melalui rancangan pengajaran, pemerhatian dan temu bual secara terbuka. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pengintegrasian seni visual dalam pengajaran topik Perlembagaan Negara melalui kursus Jati Diri Kebangsaan boleh dilakukan melalui persediaan penyelidik dan mempunyai impak terhadap kefahaman pelajar tentang Perlembagaan Persekutuan dan nilai-nilai jati diri kebangsaan. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat cabaran dan potensi yang dihadapi oleh pelajar dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunakan seni visual dalam kursus Jati Diri Kebangsaan.

The current challenges of globalization have prompted Malaysia to take important initiatives, namely the development of a society with strong values of national identity, especially among the youth. In the context of education, art is not only seen as a form of creative expression but also as a tool to develop students' critical thinking, social skills, and emotional intelligence. Therefore, the integration of visual arts in the teaching of the Federal Constitution through the National Identity course among university students aims to create a more engaging and effective learning method that can enhance students’ understanding. Hence, this study aims to explore how the integration of visual arts, particularly drawing, can be implemented in teaching the topic of the Federal Constitution through the National Identity course and its impact on students’ understanding. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the challenges and potentials that can be highlighted in the future through the integration of visual arts in the teaching and learning of the National Identity course. This survey-based study involved 13 respondents among the students of ASASIpintar International, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia aged between 17 and 19 years. Document analysis was conducted using data obtained from teaching plans, observations and open interviews. The findings of this study show that the integration of visual arts in teaching the Federal Constitution’s topic through the National Identity course can be carried out through the preparation of the researcher and has an impact on students’ understanding of the Federal Constitution and the values of national identity. Finally, the findings also indicate that there are challenges and potentials faced by students in implementing learning through visual arts in the National Identity course.

FAKTOR RISIKO PENGGUNA MOTOSIKAL DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH DI MALAYSIA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR BERSISTEMATIK MOBILITI BELIA SELAMAT

Siti Nazirah Kamaruddin — 2025-10-01

Pelajar sekolah di Malaysia, khususnya pengguna motosikal, terdedah kepada risiko keselamatan jalan raya yang dipacu oleh faktor individu, persekitaran dan sistem. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko, termasuk tingkah laku berbahaya pengguna motosikal dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah di Malaysia. Kaedah tinjauan literatur bersistematik berasaskan protokol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) digunakan, melibatkan 20 artikel yang dinilai menggunakan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti empat tema utama yang menjadi faktor kepada kemalangan jalan raya dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah iaitu: i) pendedahan risiko ii) mod pengangkutan selamat, iii) kadar kemalangan, dan iv) tahap kecederaan. Hasil tinjauan ini memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang dimensi risiko yang dihadapi oleh pelajar sekolah, terutamanya pengguna motosikal muda. Kajian ini mencadangkan penguatkuasaan peraturan trafik yang lebih ketat, peningkatan pendidikan keselamatan jalan raya dalam kalangan pelajar, serta penambahbaikan infrastruktur jalan raya sebagai langkah strategik untuk mengurangkan risiko kemalangan. Penemuan ini menjadi asas penting ke arah pembangunan strategi mobiliti belia selamat yang bukan sahaja menumpukan kepada pengurangan kemalangan, tetapi juga menyokong akses pendidikan yang lebih selamat, mampan, dan inklusif untuk golongan pelajar sekolah di Malaysia sejajar dengan Pelan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Malaysia 2022-2030 yang menyasarkan pengurangan 50 peratus kematian akibat nahas jalan raya menjelang tahun 2030.

School students in Malaysia, particularly those who ride motorcycles, encounter many obstacles during their daily journey to school, which are contributed by individual, environmental, and system factors. This study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors, including unsafe riding behaviors, among school student motorcyclists in Malaysia. This study systematically reviewed 20 academic articles following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and rigorously assessed them using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The findings discover four groups of themes that become the factors that contribute to road accidents among school students, which are: i) risk exposure, ii) safer mode of transportation, iii) accident rate, and iv) injury severity. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the risks faced by school student motorcyclists. The study recommends stricter enforcement of traffic regulations, enhanced road safety education among students, and improved road infrastructure as strategic measures to reduce accident risks. These findings are instrumental in developing a safer youth mobility strategy that addresses accident reduction and promotes more sustainable and inclusive access to education for school students in Malaysia. These findings align with the Malaysian Road Safety Plan 2022-2030, which targets a 50 percent reduction in road traffic fatalities by 2030.

TRENDS AND RESEARCH FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM YEAR 2021-2025

Siti Hidayana Nassiri — 2025-10-15

This study explores global trends and research frontiers in physics education from 2021 to 2025 through a bibliometric analysis of 886 publications indexed in Scopus. Using Scopus Analyzer, descriptive statistics and growth patterns were examined, while OpenRefine ensured dataset consistency and VOSviewer facilitated network mapping of co-authorships, citations, and keyword co-occurrence. The findings reveal a steady increase in research output, peaking in 2024 with 200 publications, before a slight drop in 2025 due to indexing delays. The United States emerged as the largest contributor, followed by Indonesia, which demonstrates the growing visibility of Southeast Asian scholarship. Journal analysis highlights Physics Education as the dominant outlet, complemented by regional and interdisciplinary journals that reflect diverse contexts and themes. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified seven clusters, underscoring research frontiers in technology integration (augmented/virtual reality, e-learning), affective and cognitive constructs (motivation, self-efficacy, critical thinking), STEM and curriculum reform, and traditional physics teaching practices. Co-authorship mapping revealed nine international collaboration clusters, with the United States, Germany, Indonesia, and China as central nodes, alongside smaller yet high-impact contributors such as Finland and the Netherlands. These results demonstrate a field that balances established pedagogical concerns with expanding frontiers shaped by technology and global collaboration. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by offering empirical insights into the specialization, diversification, and internationalization of physics education research, providing guidance for future investigations and policy development.

CONSTRUCTIVISM VS. BEHAVIORISM OF PEDAGOGICAL THEORIES TO THE DIGITAL CLASSROOM: PRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATORS

Liyao Chen — 2025-09-27

In the rapidly evolving background of higher education, the digital classroom has emerged as a trans-formative atmosphere where traditional pedagogical theories are being re-imagined to meet the needs of contemporary learners. This paper explores the application of two prominent pedagogical theories—Behaviorism and Constructivism in digital learning environments, highlighting their distinct approaches and practical implications for higher education. The paper discusses that a blended method, integrating both Behaviorist and Constructivist tactics, can create a more inclusive and dynamic digital learning environment. By leveraging the strengths of each theory, higher educators can design courses that cater to diverse learning needs, promote student engagement, and enhance learning results. Practical recommendations include the usage of Learning Management Systems (LMS) for structured content delivery, personalized learning through adaptive tools, and fostering social interaction through collaborative platforms. This paper concludes that while Behaviorism and Constructivism offer distinct theoretical foundations, their combined application in the digital classroom can lead to a more effective and student-centered learning experience. Behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors, reinforcement, and structured learning experiences while Constructivism, on the other hand, focuses on active learning, cognitive processes, and the co-construction of knowledge. By thoughtfully integrating these pedagogical approaches, higher educators can better prepare students for the challenges of the digital age and foster a culture of lifelong learning.

DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE IN SCHOOLS

Nur Khairunnisa Liyana Ahmad — 2025-10-13

This study seeks to ascertain the implementation of safety, health, and physical environmental management in Malaysian primary schools to establish a secure learning environment. The researcher utilized grounded theory research. The researcher formulates the analytical framework for the study's questions and objectives grounded in the applied theory. This researcher created thematic tables that offer detailed information on the analysed element. The present implementation of the safety and health management component in Malaysian elementary schools was illustrated. Moreover, it is feasible to discern the challenges faced by Malaysian primary schools in managing the physical environment. Moreover, a viable framework exists that primary schools can utilize to improve the execution of occupational safety and health, so rendering Malaysian schools safer. It is feasible to conclude that, both conceptually and practically, every element of safety and health management is interrelated.

APLIKASI KAEDAH INTERPRETIVE STRUCTRAL MODELLING UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN MODEL KEMAHIRAN VISUALISASI MATA PELAJARAN GRAFIK KOMUNIKASI TEKNIKAL

Zaliza Hanapi — 2025-09-16

Kemahiran visualisasi memainkan peranan penting dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran Grafik Komunikasi Teknikal (GKT), khususnya dalam konteks Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lepas menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besar pelajar masih menghadapi kesukaran dalam menguasai kemahiran ini, terutamanya dalam menafsir, memanipulasi, dan mengaplikasikan objek dua dimensi kepada bentuk tiga dimensi. Kekangan ini memberi kesan terhadap keberkesanan pengajaran dan pencapaian pelajar dalam bidang teknikal. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan model kemahiran visualisasi yang lebih sistematik dan berstruktur bagi mata pelajaran GKT. Dari segi metodologi, kajian ini menggunakan gabungan Nominal Group Technique (NGT) dan Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). NGT digunakan untuk mengenal pasti elemen-elemen utama yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan kemahiran visualisasi melalui konsensus pakar, manakala ISM diaplikasikan untuk membentuk model hierarki dengan mengintegrasikan hubungan antara elemen-elemen tersebut. Seramai 7 orang pakar dalam bidang pendidikan teknikal dan GKT telah terlibat, dan tujuh (7) elemen utama berjaya dikenal pasti serta dipetakan menggunakan perisian ISM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa elemen-elemen tersebut mempunyai hubungan hierarki yang berbeza dan boleh diagihkan kepada dua kuadran utama berdasarkan tahap kebergantungan dan kekuatan pemacu dalam pembangunan kemahiran visualisasi. Model yang dibangunkan ini memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas tentang kepentingan relatif setiap elemen, sekali gus menjadi panduan kepada pendidik dalam merancang strategi PdP yang lebih berkesan. Dapatan kajian ini diharap dapat membantu meningkatkan penguasaan visualisasi teknikal pelajar serta menyumbang kepada pengukuhan kurikulum GKT dan inovasi dalam TVET secara keseluruhannya.

Visualization skills play an important role in learning the subject of Technical Communication Graphics (GKT), especially in the context of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). However, previous studies have shown that most students still face difficulties in mastering this skill, especially in interpreting, manipulating, and applying two-dimensional objects to three-dimensional forms. This constraint affects the effectiveness of teaching and student achievement in the technical field. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a more systematic and structured visualization skills model for the GKT subject. In terms of methodology, this study used a combination of Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). NGT was used to identify the main elements that contribute to the improvement of visualization skills through expert consensus, while ISM was applied to form a hierarchical model by integrating the relationships between these elements. A total of 7 experts in the fields of technical education and GKT were involved, and seven (7) main elements were successfully identified and mapped using ISM software. The results of the analysis show that these elements have different hierarchical relationships and can be divided into two main quadrants based on the level of dependency and driving force in the development of visualization skills. This developed model provides a clearer picture of the relative importance of each element, thus serving as a guide for educators in planning more effective PdP strategies. The findings of this study are hoped to help improve students' mastery of technical visualization and contribute to strengthening the GKT curriculum and innovation in TVET as a whole.

TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN DIGITAL MALAYSIA DALAM MENANGANI CABARAN PASCA PANDEMIK

Muhammad Zaidi Asyrafi Muhammad Zaki — 2025-09-30

Artikel ini membincangkan peluang dan rintangan dalam proses transformasi pendidikan ke arah digital di Malaysia selepas pandemik COVID-19. Walaupun potensi besar yang ditawarkan oleh pembelajaran digital, sistem pendidikan negara masih berdepan dengan pelbagai cabaran kritikal, termasuklah perbezaan ketara dalam infrastruktur digital, masalah capaian internet, serta tahap literasi digital yang tidak seragam dalam kalangan pelajar dan tenaga pengajar. Kajian ini menganalisis inisiatif-inisiatif digital semasa dan mengenal pasti faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kejayaan dan keberkesanan perubahan pelaksanaan inisiatif digital. Penemuan utama menekankan kepentingan pendekatan menyeluruh yang merangkumi peningkatan prasarana digital, pembangunan keupayaan guru, pembentukan kurikulum yang relevan, dan penglibatan aktif komuniti bagi memastikan pembelajaran digital yang inklusif dan berkesan. Penyelidikan lanjutan adalah penting untuk menilai kesan jangka panjang inisiatif digital ini dan merangka strategi optimum untuk membina ekosistem pembelajaran digital yang mampan. Hasil dapatan kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi panduan berharga kepada pembentuk dasar pendidikan dan pihak berkepentingan dalam merancang strategi yang lebih kukuh untuk mempercepat transformasi pendidikan digital dan mengurangkan jurang digital di seluruh negara.

This article discusses the opportunities and challenges in the process of transforming education towards digitalization in Malaysia after the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the vast potential offered by digital learning, the national education system continues to face several critical challenges, including significant disparities in digital infrastructure, internet access issues, and inconsistent levels of digital literacy among students and educators. This study analyzes current digital initiatives and identifies key factors that influence the success and effectiveness of implementing digital transformation efforts. The main findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes improving digital infrastructure, enhancing teacher capabilities, developing relevant curricula, and encouraging active community involvement to ensure inclusive and effective digital learning. Further research is essential to assess the long-term impact of these digital initiatives and to formulate optimal strategies for building a sustainable digital learning ecosystem. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable guidance to education policymakers and stakeholders in planning stronger strategies to accelerate digital education transformation and reduce the digital divide across the country.

KEY ELEMENTS INFLUENCING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING SUCCESS IN ONLINE MENTORING PROGRAMS

Fadila Normahia Abd Manaf — 2025-10-15

This study investigates the contributing factors that influence students' perceived learning gains in the e-peer mentoring program implemented for low-performing students within a collaborative learning environment. It was conducted among diploma students enrolled in Calculus I at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Kelantan to determine which aspects of the mentoring experience most significantly support students' academic improvement during the e-peer mentoring program. Grounded in existing literature, six key variables: student motivation, problem-solving skills, knowledge skills, mentoring training, self-efficacy, and mentor credibility were identified as fundamental contributors to the success of e-peer mentoring program initiatives. A quantitative approach was used, involving 83 students who participated in the program. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires and then analysed using statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The statistical findings revealed that all six factors had significant positive correlations with students perceived academic benefit (p < 0.05). The regression model was statistically significant (F(2, 80) = 40.834, p < 0.05), with an R² value of 0.505, indicating that over half of the variance in perceived gains could be explained by the model. Among the six predictors, student motivation (β = 0.465, p = 0.001) and knowledge skill (β = 0.324, p = 0.002) were identified as the most influential factors. These results highlight the critical role of internal drive and content mastery in supporting meaningful student engagement during the e-peer mentoring program. This study provides practical implications for educators and instructional designers aiming to enhance digital mentoring programs to better support at-risk learners.

CABARAN DAN STRATEGI PEMERKASAAN PENDOKUMENTASIAN E-GAYAD MABALUT GLOSARI DI BEAUFORT, SABAH

Norcikeyonn Samuni — 2025-09-27

Pendokumentasian bahasa merupakan langkah penting dalam memelihara warisan linguistik etnik, terutamanya bagi bahasa yang semakin terpinggir seperti bahasa Bisaya di Beaufort, Sabah. Bahasa bukan sahaja alat komunikasi, tetapi juga cerminan identiti, nilai, dan budaya sesuatu komuniti. Walaupun bahasa Bisaya masih digunakan dalam kalangan masyarakat setempat, cabaran seperti perubahan sosial, dominasi bahasa arus perdana, dan kemajuan teknologi memberi tekanan terhadap kesinambungannya, terutama dalam kalangan generasi muda. Oleh itu, E-Gayad Mabalut Glosari diperkenalkan sebagai inisiatif pendokumentasian digital yang melibatkan penyertaan aktif komuniti Bisaya, bertujuan memudahkan penggunaan bahasa secara interaktif oleh generasi muda. Projek ini menumpukan bukan sahaja kepada pengumpulan kosa kata, tetapi juga pemerkasaan komuniti dalam mengenal pasti, mengesahkan, dan memperkayakan kandungan glosari berdasarkan konteks sebenar penggunaan. Kajian ini berbentuk kertas konsep yang mengkaji tiga tema utama: dokumentasi bahasa, penglibatan komuniti, dan aplikasi teknologi dalam pemeliharaan bahasa etnik. Artikel ini turut meneliti cabaran seperti kekurangan bahan bertulis, kesukaran mengekalkan ketepatan makna, dan keterbatasan akses teknologi di kawasan luar bandar. Di samping itu, strategi pemerkasaan seperti penggunaan platform digital mesra pengguna, sokongan institusi akademik, latihan komuniti, dan pemupukan kesedaran awam terhadap kepentingan bahasa ibunda dibincangkan sebagai cara mengatasi halangan tersebut. Secara keseluruhannya, E-Gayad Mabalut Glosari bukan sahaja menyumbang kepada pemuliharaan bahasa Bisaya, malah berfungsi sebagai model strategik dalam pendigitalan dokumentasi bahasa berasaskan komuniti. Melalui pendekatan inklusif dan kolaboratif, projek ini menjadi simbol pemerkasaan identiti dan warisan budaya masyarakat Bisaya di Sabah.

Language documentation is a crucial step in preserving the linguistic heritage of ethnic groups, especially for endangered languages such as Bisaya in Beaufort, Sabah. Language is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of a community’s identity, values, and culture. Although Bisaya is still spoken within the local community, challenges such as social changes, dominance of mainstream languages, and technological advancements threaten its continuity, particularly among younger generations. Therefore, the E-Gayad Mabalut Glossary was introduced as a digital documentation initiative involving active participation from the Bisaya community, aiming to facilitate easier and more interactive use of the language by the youth. This project focuses not only on vocabulary collection but also on empowering the community to identify, verify, and enrich the glossary content based on real-life usage contexts. This study takes the form of a concept paper that explores three main themes: language documentation, community involvement, and the application of technology in ethnic language preservation. It also examines key challenges such as the lack of written materials, difficulties in maintaining semantic accuracy, and limited access to technology in rural areas. Additionally, empowerment strategies such as user-friendly digital platforms, academic institutional support, community training, and raising public awareness of the importance of mother tongue are discussed as ways to overcome these obstacles. Overall, the E-Gayad Mabalut Glossary not only contributes to the preservation of the Bisaya language but also serves as a strategic model for community-based digital language documentation. Through an inclusive and collaborative approach, this project symbolizes the empowerment of the identity and cultural heritage of the Bisaya community in Sabah.

STRATEGI PERANCANGAN KEUSAHAWANAN DALAM KARYA TERPILIH SHAHNON AHMAD

Azhar Hj Wahid — 2025-10-13

Keupayaan pengurusan perancangan dalam memimpin organisasi telah diterima sebagai faktor penting yang menentukan kejayaan atau kegagalan sesebuah organisasi. Malah, perancangan merupakan keperluan asas dalam membina kekuatan organisasi, terutamanya dalam merancang hala tuju untuk mencapai matlamat bersama secara cemerlang. Kajian ini meneliti bentuk atau dasar pengurusan perancangan dalam kalangan usahawan masyarakat tani serta penduduk kampung seperti yang digambarkan dalam novel Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) dan Srengenge. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengenal pasti sikap pengurusan perancangan dalam kalangan masyarakat tani dan penduduk kampung yang terdapat dalam kedua-dua novel tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis elemen pengurusan perancangan dalam Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) dan Srengenge, yang dikaitkan dengan aktiviti keusahawanan tani dalam masyarakat Melayu serta kehidupan penduduk kampung yang dibelenggu kemiskinan dan kejahilan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat beberapa elemen dasar dan sifat kepimpinan yang terbentuk dalam diri pemimpin masyarakat, yang menunjukkan keupayaan tersendiri dalam usaha menjayakan keusahawanan tani masyarakat Melayu tradisional dan meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk kampung. Implikasinya, pengurusan kepimpinan Melayu, khususnya berkaitan dengan keusahawanan yang ditonjolkan oleh pengarang dalam Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) dan Srengenge, lebih bersifat kritikal dan seharusnya dapat mencerminkan corak kepimpinan yang relevan untuk pemimpin pada masa kini.

The ability of planning management in leading an organization has been accepted as an important factor that determines the success or failure of an organization. In fact, planning is a basic requirement in building organizational strength, especially in planning the direction to achieve common goals with excellence. This study examines the form or policy of planning management among farmers and villagers as depicted in the novels Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) and Srengenge. In addition, this study also identifies the attitude of planning management among farmers and villagers found in both novels. The research was conducted through an analysis of planning management elements in Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) and Srengenge, which are associated with agricultural entrepreneurial activities in the Malay community and the lives of villagers who are plagued by poverty and ignorance. The study findings show that there are several basic elements and leadership qualities that are formed in community leaders, which show their own ability in efforts to make traditional Malay agricultural entrepreneurship a success and improve the living standards of villagers. The implication is that Malay leadership management, especially in relation to entrepreneurship highlighted by the author in Ranjau Sepanjang Jalan (RSJ) and Srengenge, is more critical and should be able to reflect leadership patterns that are relevant for leaders today.

LEADERSHIP STYLES IN THE PRIVATE SECTORS OF SABAH IN RELATION TO JOB SATISFACTION MODERATED BY EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT

Sharifah Norasykin Said Madeen@Syed Nordin — 2025-10-27

Job satisfaction and leadership styles have long been recognised as interconnected themes in organisational research. In the context of Sabah’s private sector, understanding how leadership practices influence employees’ workplace experiences is particularly important, given the region’s evolving economic and cultural environment. The present article explores the relationships between transformational, transactional, and visionary leadership styles and job satisfaction, while also examining the moderating role of employee commitment. A quantitative survey was conducted among 170 private sector employees using validated questionnaires. Data were analysed with SPSS 27.0 to assess correlations, regression, and moderation effects. The findings show that all three leadership styles positively relate to job satisfaction, with visionary leadership demonstrating the strongest association with employee commitment. These results indicate that leadership effectiveness depends not only on style but also on the degree of workforce commitment. This study contributes to the broader literature by providing empirical evidence from Sabah and suggesting that organisations can enhance satisfaction and retention by integrating diverse leadership practices with strategies that foster employee commitment.

ENHANCING MUET PREPAREDNESS: A STUDENT-CENTRED EVALUATION OF SPACE UTM’S ENGLISH CURRICULUM IN DIPLOMA STUDIES

Farah Hamizah Muhd Zaimi — 2025-09-16

This research investigates diploma students' perspectives on the effectiveness of SPACE Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)'s English language courses in preparing them for the Malaysian University English Test (MUET). Despite these courses being structured around the four core MUET component; listening, speaking, reading, and writingittle is known about how students perceive their relevance and usefulness. Through a survey of 130 students and follow-up interviews, the findings reveal generally favourable attitudes, particularly toward the speaking and listening modules. Participants also expressed increased exam readiness. Nonetheless, criticisms emerged, including limited test simulations, outdated content, and insufficient individualized feedback. The Expectancy-Value Theory guided this analysis, highlighting how students' motivation is shaped by their expectations and the perceived value of these courses. Recommendations include more comprehensive feedback mechanisms, interactive learning sessions, expanded practice materials, and the integration of digital tools. The results emphasize the need for learner-driven reforms to improve academic English instruction and MUET outcomes.

TAHAP LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM KALANGAN GURU PELATIH PRAPERKHIDMATAN DI INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU (IPG): ANALISIS BERDASARKAN JANTINA DAN BIDANG PENGKHUSUSAN

Syazlina Mohamad Nawi — 2025-09-30

Literasi digital merupakan komponen kritikal dalam membentuk guru abad ke-21 yang berdaya saing, namun tahap penguasaan sebenar dalam kalangan guru pelatih praperkhidmatan masih kurang difahami, khususnya dari segi perbezaan jantina dan bidang pengkhususan. Permasalahan ini penting kerana guru pelatih perlu bersedia menghadapi ekosistem pendidikan digital yang semakin kompleks dan mencabar. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai tahap literasi digital dalam kalangan 520 guru pelatih praperkhidmatan di sebuah Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) di Malaysia serta mengenal pasti perbezaan berdasarkan jantina dan bidang pengkhususan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan. Instrumen soal selidik Literasi Digital oleh Bayrakci dan Narmanlioglu (2021) digunakan, meliputi enam subdimensi utama iaitu Etika dan Tanggungjawab, Pengetahuan Am dan Kemahiran Fungsian, Penggunaan Harian, Penghasilan Lanjutan, Privasi dan Keselamatan, serta Dimensi Sosial. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 30 melalui analisis deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap literasi digital keseluruhan adalah tinggi, dengan skor tertinggi pada subdimensi Etika dan Tanggungjawab serta Penggunaan Harian, manakala Penghasilan Lanjutan adalah paling rendah. Analisis inferensi mendapati wujud perbezaan signifikan berdasarkan jantina dan bidang pengkhususan. Implikasi kajian menekankan kepentingan latihan literasi digital yang lebih tersusun dan disesuaikan mengikut jantina serta bidang, dengan penekanan kepada pembangunan kemahiran penciptaan kandungan digital bagi melahirkan guru yang bersedia menghadapi cabaran pendidikan digital.

Digital literacy is a critical component in shaping competitive 21st-century teachers; however, the actual level of mastery among pre-service teachers remains insufficiently understood, particularly in terms of gender and specialisation differences. This issue is important as pre-service teachers must be prepared to face an increasingly complex and challenging digital education ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of digital literacy among 520 pre-service teachers at a Teacher Education Institute (IPG) in Malaysia and to identify differences based on gender and specialisation. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. The Digital Literacy Questionnaire developed by Bayrakci and Narmanlioglu (2021) was used, encompassing six main subdimensions: Ethics and Responsibility, General Knowledge and Functional Skills, Daily Use, Advanced Production, Privacy and Security, and Social Dimension. Data were analysed using SPSS version 30 through descriptive and inferential analyses. The findings indicated that the overall level of digital literacy was high, with the highest scores recorded in the Ethics and Responsibility and Daily Use subdimensions, while Advanced Production was the lowest. Inferential analysis revealed significant differences based on gender and specialisation. The implications of the study highlight the importance of more structured digital literacy training tailored to gender and specialisation, with emphasis on the development of digital content creation skills to prepare future teachers to meet the challenges of digital education.

DIGITAL EDUCATION IN MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: A NEO-INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

Nur Badariah Baharuddin — 2025-10-15

The integration of digital education has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary teaching and learning in higher education. The rapid advancement of technology underscores the need for comprehensive institutional policies to facilitate its effective implementation. Governments play a crucial role in ensuring equitable access to digital education while enabling public universities to manage and delegate operational responsibilities among key stakeholders, including university administrators, academics, and students. This study investigates the implementation of digital education policies in Malaysian public universities, analyzing the interactions between the Ministry of Higher Education, university management, academic staff, and students. Grounded in neo-institutional theory, the research employs a qualitative methodology, drawing on data from semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The findings illuminate the structural and cultural dynamics that shape policy implementation, offering insights into best practices and strategies to address barriers in the adoption of digital education. This study provides practical recommendations for policymakers and university leaders, contributing to the development of a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient digital education ecosystem in higher education.

A LONGITUDINAL SFL-BASED INVESTIGATION INTO TEXTUAL FUNCTIONS OF NOMINALIZING METAPHORS IN CHINESE POSTGRADUATES’ ACADEMIC WRITING

Song Hu — 2025-09-16

While the textual functions of nominalizing metaphors have been extensively discussed in theoretical literature, empirical research in this area remains limited. Existing studies often cross-sectionally compared texts authored by students at different proficiency levels, which may inadvertently reinforce and perpetuate linear, Western-centric ideologies of language development. Longitudinal studies are comparatively rare and typically involve either qualitative analyses or a small number of participants. To address these concerns, this study examines how a cohort of 50 Chinese postgraduate students develop their use of nominalizing metaphors serving textual functions in the literature review chapters of their MA dissertations and PhD theses. The findings indicate that these students consistently used nominalizing metaphors least frequently for building cohesion through anaphoric reconstruals. However, they consistently demonstrated the highest tendency to employ nominalizing metaphors to foreground clause meanings as the focus of new information. Over time, they also placed a significantly stronger emphasis on thematizing “process > thing” metaphors as a point of departure for further argumentation, while their use of thematized “quality > thing” metaphors remained stable. The findings above suggest both shift and stability in relation to the students’ use of nominalizing metaphors with textual functions. The study concludes by discussing the pedagogical implications of the above observations within the Chinese academic context.

NAVIGATING THE FUTURE: STUDENT EXPERIENCES WITH MICRO-CREDENTIALS AS A LEARNING TOOL

`Ainatul Fathiyah Abdul Rahim — 2025-10-10

This paper explores the UMC390 Public Expenditure micro-credential platform developed by the Institute of Continuing Education and Professional Studies (ICEPS) at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UITM). As traditional higher education evolves in response to technological advancements and industry demands, micro-credentials offer a flexible approach to skill acquisition. This study presents an infographic representation of the platform’s design, including its module structure, learning activities, and assessment methods, while capturing student perceptions and measuring learning outcomes. Using a case study methodology, the research collected data from 322 students, yielding 305 valid responses. Findings reveal high levels of student satisfaction with course content and delivery, indicating that the modular design enhances engagement and motivation. Notably, all participants expressed a willingness to recommend the course, highlighting its relevance and effectiveness. The results suggest that micro-credentials can effectively complement traditional education by providing accessible, competency-based pathways for upskilling. Despite the positive outcomes, the study acknowledges limitations, such as the need for longitudinal research on the long-term impact of micro-credentials. Ultimately, this paper advocates integrating micro credentials into higher education to better align educational offerings with the evolving labour market.

MEMACU MINAT SERTA MENINGKATKAN KEYAKINAN DAN KECEKAPAN GURU DAERAH BAU DALAM PENGHASILAN LAPORAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN MELALUI KIT_AIkt

Suk Mei Chin — 2025-10-27

Kajian ini menilai persepsi, peningkatan kecekapan dan keyakinan guru terhadap pelaksanaan kajian tindakan menggunakan KIT_AIkt, iaitu kit berasaskan kecerdasan buatan bagi memudahkan proses pelaksanaan dan penulisan laporan. Kit ini merangkumi QR code lagu, permainan Blooket, video tutorial, panduan etika penggunaan AI serta siri prompt kajian tindakan sebagai rujukan guru. Fokus kajian ialah guru di Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah Bau yang dikenal pasti kurang berminat dan kurang cekap dalam penyelidikan tindakan. Enam guru pelbagai subjek termasuk Sains, Matematik, Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Inggeris dan Prasekolah dipilih sebagai responden. Kaedah kajian menggabungkan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui temu bual separa berstruktur, soal selidik Likert serta analisis dokumen. Dapatan menunjukkan peningkatan minat, keyakinan dan kecekapan guru selepas menggunakan KIT_AIkt. Antara kelebihan utama ialah penjimatan masa, panduan jelas serta penghasilan laporan lebih sistematik. Walaupun terdapat cabaran awal terutama dalam kalangan guru kurang berpengalaman, bimbingan berperingkat dalam kit membantu mengatasi halangan. Kejayaan terbesar ialah semua enam guru berjaya dihantar menyertai Pertandingan Kajian Konvensyen Dasar Pendidikan Digital Zon Sarawak 2025 bersama 126 peserta lain. Dua guru, iaitu seorang guru prasekolah dan seorang guru Bahasa Inggeris, layak ke peringkat akhir yang akan berlangsung pada 29 Julai 2025 di UNIMAS. Kajian ini membuktikan KIT_AIkt berkesan mengukuhkan budaya reflektif, profesionalisme guru dan mencadangkan peluasan penggunaannya dengan penambahbaikan berterusan.

This study evaluates teachers’ perceptions, improvements in efficiency, and confidence in conducting action research using KIT_AIkt, an artificial intelligence-based toolkit designed to facilitate the implementation and reporting process. The kit includes song QR codes, Blooket games, video tutorial, AI ethics guidelines, and a series of action research prompts as teacher references. The focus of the study was teachers in the Bau District Education Office, who were identified as having low interest and limited skills in conducting action research. Six teachers from various subjects, including Science, Mathematics, Malay, English, and Preschool, were selected as respondents. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches through semi-structured interviews, Likert-scale questionnaires, and document analysis. Findings revealed significant improvements in teachers’ interest, confidence, and competence after using KIT_AIkt. Key advantages included time savings, clear guidance, and more systematic report production. Although initial challenges arose, especially among less experienced teachers, the step-by-step support within the kit helped overcome these barriers. The most notable achievement was that all six teachers successfully participated in the 2025 Sarawak Zone Digital Education Policy Action Research Convention, involving 126 participants. Two teachers, one from Preschool and one from English, qualified for the final round, to be held on 29 July 2025 at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). This study demonstrates that KIT_AIkt effectively strengthens reflective practices, enhances teacher professionalism, and recommends its wider adoption with continuous improvements based on user feedback.

FROM PLATFORMS TO PRACTICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN VOCATIONAL TEACHING

Magendran Munisamy — 2025-09-16

This systematic literature review examines the integration of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in vocational education and training, a sector undergoing rapid digital transformation. Although LMS adoption is widespread, vocational contexts face challenges of pedagogical alignment, digital competence, and contextual adaptability. Following PRISMA guidelines, articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords such as “Learning Management System”, “Digital Learning”, and “Vocational Education”. From 8,828 initial results, 51 high-quality studies were included for analysis. Thematic synthesis identified three core themes. First, LMS adoption, implementation, and user interaction highlighted institutional readiness, user perceptions, and infrastructural limitations. Second, LMS integration with interactive elements, hybrid learning, and instructional design emphasized pedagogical innovations, content personalization, and digital tools. Third, the role of learning analytics, AI, and adaptive pathways underscored data-informed practices and personalized learning. Findings suggest LMS can enhance vocational training through engagement and instructional delivery but challenges persist in usability, hands-on skill development, and teacher training. Effective deployment requires alignment of platform features with vocational pedagogy, supported by infrastructure and professional development. This review contributes a thematic framework, practical recommendations, and future research directions, emphasizing context-sensitive strategies and the potential of AI and analytics to optimize LMS in vocational education.

MAPPING STAGES OF CONCERN AMONG SARAWAK TEACHERS USING CBAM: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL COMPETENCY AND SCHOOL LOCATION

Sandra anak Hidi — 2025-09-30

This study investigates the stages of concern (SoC) among urban and rural public school teachers in Sarawak regarding the adoption of emerging technologies in their instructional practices. Guided by the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), a quantitative approach was employed involving 380 teachers who completed the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ). Univariate ANOVA analyses were conducted to examine the effects of School Location (SL) and Digital Competency Score (DCS) on the seven SoC dimensions. The results revealed significant differences (p < .01), indicating that both school location and digital competency significantly influence teachers’ emerging technologies adoption. These findings suggest the need for structured digital competency training tailored to teachers’ specific SoC stages based on geographical location and digital competency levels.

PEMBINAAN DAN PENGESAHAN INSTRUMEN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PELAKSANAAN PENTAKSIRAN BILIK DARJAH BAGI MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MELAYU

Muhammad Syafiq Majid — 2025-10-15

Kajian ini bertujuan membina dan mengesahkan instrumen bagi mengukur tahap kompetensi guru dalam pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) bagi mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu sekolah rendah di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Walaupun PBD telah menjadi dasar penting dalam sistem pendidikan, kajian lepas tentang pelaksanaannya dalam konteks mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu masih terhad. Selain itu, kajian tentang kompetensi guru dalam melaksanakan PBD juga belum banyak diterokai secara menyeluruh. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berasaskan model pembinaan instrumen Wilson (2004) yang dikenali sebagai four building blocks. Instrumen awal telah dinilai oleh lima orang pakar bagi memastikan kesahan kandungan, manakala Model Pengukuran Rasch pelbagai faset digunakan untuk mendapatkan bukti empirikal. Kajian rintis dijalankan melibatkan 120 guru, manakala kajian lapangan melibatkan 172 guru. Hasil analisis menunjukkan instrumen akhir mengandungi 34 item yang memenuhi ciri unidimensi dan mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi. Instrumen yang dinamakan sebagai IKGPBD BM ini mempunyai implikasi praktikal yang penting. Instrumen ini boleh digunakan oleh guru sebagai alat penilaian kendiri untuk mengenal pasti kekuatan dan kelemahan kompetensi mereka dalam pelaksanaan PBD bagi mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Pentadbir sekolah serta pegawai pendidikan di peringkat daerah dan negeri pula dapat memanfaatkannya untuk merancang program pembangunan profesional yang lebih bersasar. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini juga boleh dijadikan rujukan oleh institusi latihan guru dan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dalam usaha memperkukuh dasar dan latihan berkaitan pelaksanaan PBD.Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengukuhan amalan pentaksiran bilik darjah dalam konteks mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu serta menyediakan asas yang kukuh untuk penambahbaikan latihan guru dan dasar pendidikan negara.

This This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure teachers’ competency in implementing Classroom-Based Assessment (PBD) for the Malay Language subject in primary schools within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Although PBD has become an important policy in the education system, previous studies in the context of the Malay Language remain limited. Moreover, teachers’ competency in implementing PBD has not been extensively explored. The study employed a quantitative approach based on Wilson’s (2004) instrument development model, known as the four building blocks. The initial instrument was evaluated by five experts to ensure content validity, while the Multifaceted Rasch Measurement Model was applied to obtain empirical evidence. A pilot study involving 120 teachers was conducted, followed by a field study with 172 teachers. The findings showed that the final instrument consists of 34 items, which demonstrated unidimensionality and high reliability. The instrument, named IKGPBD BM, carries significant practical implications. It can serve as a self-assessment tool for teachers to identify their strengths and weaknesses in implementing PBD for the Malay Language subject. School administrators and education officers at the district and state levels may also use it to design more targeted professional development programs. In addition, the findings of this study can inform teacher training institutions and the Ministry of Education in strengthening policies and training related to PBD implementation. Overall, this study contributes to the enhancement of classroom-based assessment practices in the Malay Language subject and provides a solid foundation for improving teacher training and education policy.

CRITICAL THINKING-INTEGRATED LESSON PLAN WITH AQLI AND NAQLI ELEMENTS: AN EVALUATION USING LESSON PLAN ANALYSIS PROTOCOL

Afifah Quraishah Abdul Nasir — 2025-09-16

One component that is considered essential in embedding critical thinking in higher education is lesson planning, as it ensures how and when critical thinking should be exposed to students. The study evaluates a lesson plan that incorporates critical thinking and was designed for higher education lecturers using the Lesson Plan Analysis Protocol (LPAP). The main aim is to investigate to what extent the developed lesson plan can help educators integrate CT, and aqli and naqli elements in their lessons. This paper focuses on Phase 2 (design and development) of the ADDIE model. As part of Phase 2, expert review was done to evaluate the lesson plan. Five expert reviewers in the development phase provided feedback towards the lesson plan. The key findings show that the developed lesson plan is usable in encouraging critical thinking if integrated with the chosen critical thinking skills and elements of aqli and naqli. The experts suggested more detailed descriptions for the critical thinking skills that are utilized in the lesson plan. Recommendations highlight that there is still a need for further individualization of lesson plans, taking into consideration different subject needs for critical thinking pedagogy. Therefore, it adds to the overall objective of enhancing teaching methods that expose students to critical thinking skills, which would be beneficial in their studies and later in their professions.

REVOLUTIONIZING FACILITIES: A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INNOVATIONS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

Mohd Mubarak Shamsuddin — 2025-10-01

The need for Sustainable Facility Management (SFM) in tertiary institutions is crucial in reducing environmental impact and optimizing efficiency in Operation and Maintenance (O&M). This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyse and synthesize research on current practices of SFM in tertiary institutions which focusing on innovative approach applied in improving building O&M. The comprehensive understanding, their contributions and challenges faced in implementation are discussed. Researchers analyse, synthesize and report the results from 13 final selected studies whereby the screening, selection, and identification were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The corresponding data extraction and analysis were performed using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI). Result of the study demonstrates that innovative approach applied in building O&M such as Artificial Intelligent (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Building Management System (BMS) significantly contributed to SFM.

AI-ENHANCED TEACHING STYLES: LEVERAGING INTELLIGENT TOOLS FOR RESOURCE ACCESSIBILITY

Premilah Ganapathy — 2025-10-27

This study investigates the influence of teaching styles and the availability of learning resources on accounting students’ conceptual understanding, with an emphasis on how AI-enhanced teaching styles that use intelligent tools can improve resource accessibility. Based on the Constructivist Learning Theory as proposed by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, the research emphasizes the role of active knowledge construction through interaction with teaching methods and learning materials. Data were collected from 102 accounting students using a stratified convenience sampling technique. The research employed statistical tests of regression analyses. The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.86. Mean score analysis indicated that modern interactive teaching styles (mean 3.57) and digital learning resources (mean 3.39), particularly when enhanced with AI-driven personalization and real-time feedback, were the predominant approaches used in accounting education. The availability of these accessible and up-to-date intelligent digital resources played a significant role in enhancing accounting students’ conceptual understanding. Regression analysis revealed that availability of learning resources (p-value 0.004) and the combined factors of teaching styles and availability of learning resources (p-value 0.013), both had a positive and significant influence on accounting students’ conceptual understanding. However, teaching styles alone, without AI-supported interactivity, showed insignificant influence on accounting students’ conceptual understanding. These insights highlight the need for AI-driven, interactive, and resource-supported teaching environments in higher education. The study recommends that institutions invest in modern intelligent resources powered by AI and encourage instructors to adopt blended and adaptive teaching methods to promote deeper learning. This research contributes meaningfully to the ongoing enhancement of accounting education in Malaysian universities.

CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ENGAGING WITH CHINESE CULTURAL EVENT ON LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION

Chai Chuen Lee — 2025-09-27

This study explores the interplay of declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge in the regulation of cognition among non-native learners of Chinese, specifically through their engagement in a Chinese cultural event. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, a structured questionnaire comprising 24 items across eight cognitive dimensions was administered to 52 participants. The event, “Mandarin: A Festival of Language and Culture,” held at UiTM Kedah, included activities such as an interactive cultural race, traditional attire design, and a culinary workshop on dumpling and ketupat preparation. Findings revealed that learners demonstrated high proficiency in conditional knowledge and debugging strategies, with mean scores of 4.44 and 4.35 respectively, indicating strong cultural adaptability and problem-solving abilities. Conversely, information management strategies received the lowest mean score (4.06), suggesting variability in learners' abilities to organize and retain cultural knowledge. The results affirm that structured cultural experiences significantly enhance learners’ metacognitive awareness, language proficiency, and cultural understanding. These insights inform pedagogical practices by emphasizing the integration of cultural events into language learning curricula to promote cognitive and cultural competency.

KEBERKESANAN CAPAIAN INTERNET SEBAGAI INFRASTRUKTUR TEKNOLOGI DALAM MENYOKONG PENGAJARAN GURU DI SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH PINGGIR BANDAR DI DAERAH JERANTUT, PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR

Mohd Nor Izzat Mohd Johari — 2025-10-15

Kajian ini meneroka secara empirikal tahap keberkesanan capaian internet sebagai infrastruktur teknologi dalam konteks menyokong pelaksanaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran guru di sekolah-sekolah pinggir bandar dalam daerah Jerantut, Pahang Darul Makmur. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan dengan instrumen soal selidik yang disahkan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaannya, kajian ini telah melibatkan seramai 31 responden guru dari tiga buah sekolah terpilih. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa walaupun penggunaan teknologi digital dalam kalangan guru adalah tinggi, namun isu kritikal berkaitan kestabilan dan liputan capaian internet masih lagi menjadi hambatan utama. Dapatan kajian turut mendedahkan persepsi positif guru terhadap potensi teknologi digital dalam memperkasakan proses pedagogi, namun potensi ini kekal terhalang akibat cabaran infrastruktur yang masih belum diselesaikan secara tuntas. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini mengesyorkan agar pihak berwajib terutamanya Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia segera melaksanakan proses naik taraf infrastruktur digital yang lebih sistematik dan telus, serta memastikan kualiti subsidi peranti yang diagihkan benar-benar memenuhi keperluan semasa pedagogi digital. Kajian ini memberi implikasi signifikan terhadap penggubalan dasar pendidikan digital, pengurusan sekolah serta pembangunan profesionalisme guru, selain mencadangkan agar kajian lanjutan berbentuk longitudinal dilakukan bagi menilai impak sebenar inisiatif digital terhadap kualiti pendidikan di kawasan pinggir bandar.

This study empirically explores the effectiveness of internet access as a technological infrastructure in supporting the implementation of teaching and learning among teachers in suburban schools within the district of Jerantut, Pahang Darul Makmur. Employing a quantitative survey approach with a questionnaire instrument validated for its reliability and validity, the study involved 31 teacher respondents from three selected schools. Descriptive analysis reveals that although the use of digital technology among teachers is high, critical issues related to the stability and coverage of internet access remain the main hindrances. The findings further uncover teachers’ positive perceptions of the potential of digital technology in enhancing pedagogical processes; however, this potential remains constrained by unresolved infrastructural challenges. Therefore, the study recommends that the relevant authorities, particularly the Ministry of Education Malaysia, promptly implement a more systematic and transparent process of upgrading digital infrastructure and ensure that the quality of subsidised devices distributed truly meets the current needs of digital pedagogy. This study carries significant implications for the formulation of digital education policies, school management, and teacher professionalism development, while also suggesting that further longitudinal research be conducted to evaluate the actual impact of digital initiatives on the quality of education in suburban areas.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS IN MOTIVATING THE NON-TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND EDUCATORS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATION IN EDUCATION

Nurul Farhanah Mohd Nasir — 2025-09-16

With the awareness of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) and its implementation as an individual’s commitment as an educator, this study intends to see the motivating factors that caused the non-technology background educators to stay inspired in grasping the knowledge on artificial intelligence (AI) and includes the AI tools implementation while educating. As many are aware, AI tools can be an easy application for those with technology fundamentals, but it can be hard for those who are “digitally illiterate”. Using a qualitative research method, an in-depth interview session has been conducted with six participants who are the educators at private higher education in Malaysia. All participants were non-technology background educators. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings showed that all participants agreed that IWE awareness, such as effort and commitment, has driven them to seek knowledge on AI tools. Additionally, institutional support and personal satisfaction have caused them to include AI in their teaching and learning performances apart from valuing Islamic work ethics (IWE) in their profession.

ROLE AND IMPACT OF OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) IN ENHANCING LIFELONG LEARNING AMONG ADULT LEARNERS IN MALAYSIA

Muhamad Aizat Mohd Azmi — 2025-10-01

This study aims to examine the impact of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) on adult education in Malaysia, particularly in the context of higher education institutions. Alongside the transformation of the post-pandemic educational landscape, ODL has increasingly been recognized as a primary educational approach that offers flexible learning opportunities for adults. However, adult learners face various challenges, including time constraints, limited access to technology, and significant psychological pressures, all of which affect the effectiveness of the learning process. This research employed a quantitative approach with a survey design targeting adult learners aged 25 and above who were enrolled in either part-time or full-time ODL programs. Data were collected through an online questionnaire involving 100 respondents. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and ANOVA, to identify the relationship between demographic variables and learners’ perceptions of technological, pedagogical, and psychological aspects of ODL. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of ODL for adult learners is strongly influenced by their level of digital literacy, the appropriateness of pedagogical methods grounded in andragogical principles, and psychological well-being that sustains motivation and learning commitment. The study recommends improvements in curriculum design to better address adult learners’ needs, enhanced digital literacy training, and effective emotional support systems to strengthen online learning experiences. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference and guideline for higher education institutions and policymakers in developing more inclusive, flexible, and sustainable ODL implementations to maximize adult learning outcomes.

PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI BISAYA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN GLOSARI DIGITAL: E-GAYAD MABALUT GLOSARI

Norcikeyonn Samuni — 2025-10-15

Penggunaan bahasa ibunda dalam kalangan komuniti minoriti, khususnya generasi muda, menunjukkan trend penurunan yang membimbangkan. Antara yang turut terkesan ialah komuniti Bisaya di Beaufort, Sabah, di mana penggunaan bahasa Bisaya semakin merosot akibat pengaruh bahasa dominan yang lebih meluas dan berpengaruh dalam kehidupan seharian. Bagi menangani isu ini, kajian ini menumpukan kepada penglibatan aktif komuniti Bisaya dalam pembangunan E-Gayad Mabalut Glosari iaitu sebuah glosari digital yang dibangunkan secara partisipatif bagi tujuan pemeliharaan dan pendokumentasian bahasa serta warisan budaya komuniti, khususnya dalam kalangan generasi muda. Kajian ini turut mengenal pasti isu-isu utama seperti ketiadaan bahan rujukan glosari digital yang sistematik serta tahap penglibatan komuniti yang masih terhad dalam inisiatif pendokumentasian bahasa. Objektif kajian adalah untuk memahami bentuk dan tahap penglibatan komuniti, mengenal pasti cabaran sepanjang pelaksanaan projek, serta menilai implikasi pembangunan glosari digital tersebut. Pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan kajian kes digunakan, dengan data dikumpul melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dan bengkel pengumpulan istilah bersama komuniti. Seramai tujuh orang informan telah dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan bertujuan, melibatkan penutur asli, guru, dan pemimpin tempatan yang aktif dalam usaha pemeliharaan bahasa dan budaya Bisaya. Data dianalisis secara tematik bagi mengenal pasti bentuk penglibatan serta kesannya terhadap pembangunan glosari digital. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat tiga bentuk utama penglibatan komuniti, iaitu sumbangan istilah, pengesahan kandungan, dan penyebaran glosari digital. Secara keseluruhan, komuniti memberikan maklum balas yang positif terhadap pendekatan ini, meskipun berhadapan dengan cabaran seperti kekangan masa dan kemahiran digital yang terhad. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa pendekatan partisipatif bukan sahaja dapat memperkukuh proses dokumentasi bahasa minoriti, malah berpotensi menjadi model rujukan bagi komuniti lain di Malaysia dalam usaha memelihara warisan bahasa dan budaya tempatan melalui pembangunan glosari digital.

The use of mother tongue among minority communities, particularly the younger generation, is showing a worrying downward trend. One such affected group is the Bisaya community in Beaufort, Sabah, where the use of the Bisaya language is increasingly declining due to the influence of more dominant and widely used languages in daily life. To address this issue, this study focuses on the active involvement of the Bisaya community in the development of the E-Gayad Mabalut Glossary, a participatory digital glossary aimed at preserving and documenting the community’s language and cultural heritage, especially among the younger generation. This study also identifies key issues such as the lack of systematic digital glossary references and the limited level of community involvement in language documentation initiatives. The objectives of the study are to understand the forms and extent of community involvement, identify the challenges encountered during project implementation, and assess the implications of developing the digital glossary. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and term collection workshops involving the community. A total of seven informants were selected through purposive sampling, including native speakers, teachers, and local leaders actively involved in efforts to preserve the Bisaya language and culture. Data were analyzed thematically to identify forms of participation and their impact on the development of the digital glossary. Findings of the study revealed three main forms of community involvement: contribution of terms, content validation, and dissemination of the digital glossary. Overall, the community responded positively to this approach, despite facing challenges such as time constraints and limited digital skills. This study demonstrates that a participatory approach not only strengthens the process of documenting minority languages, but also has the potential to serve as a reference model for other communities in Malaysia in their efforts to preserve local language and cultural heritage through the development of digital glossaries.