READINESS, RESOURCES, AND CAPABILITIES FOR BLOCKCHAIN ADOPTION IN MALAYSIAN HALAL MEAT SUPPLY CHAINS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEMP.935072Keywords:
Blockchain, Halal, Policy, Supply ChainAbstract
The halal meat industry in Malaysia continues to face challenges in maintaining transparency and trust across its supply chains. Blockchain technology has been proposed as a potential way to address these challenges by improving traceability and information sharing. This systematic review examines the available evidence on the readiness, resources, and capabilities of Malaysian halal meat processors to adopt blockchain technology, with particular attention to awareness, organizational and environmental factors, barriers, and enabling conditions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies examining blockchain adoption readiness in halal food supply chains involving meat processors or related entities were screened, and relevant information on study characteristics and key findings was extracted. The findings indicate that awareness and knowledge of blockchain remain relatively limited among processors. Organizational factors, particularly top management support and external support, appear to play an important role in shaping adoption intentions. Financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and limited technical expertise are among the most frequently reported barriers, while supply chain integration and regulatory alignment may facilitate adoption. Overall, the available evidence points to substantial gaps in the organizational, technological, resource, and human capabilities needed to support blockchain adoption in Malaysian halal meat-processing and related supply-chain contexts. Successful adoption is therefore likely to depend not only on technological investment but also on organizational support and targeted capacity building. Policy initiatives should focus on strengthening foundational readiness through training, financial support, and capability development before large-scale implementation is pursued. Future research should further examine these interventions through longitudinal and action-oriented studies.
Downloads
References
Agung, A. A. G., Nugroho, H., & Hendriyanto, R. (2022). A blockchain-based halal certificate recording and verification prototype. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 6(2), 364–370. https://doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.2.995 Directory of Open Access Journals
Ali, M. H., Chung, L., Kumar, A., Zailani, S., & Tan, K. H. (2021). A sustainable blockchain framework for the halal food supply chain: Lessons from Malaysia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120870 ScienceDirect
Ali, M. H., Chung, L., Tan, K. H., Makhbul, Z. M., Zhan, Y., & Tseng, M.-L. (2024). Investigating blockchain technology adoption intention model in halal food small and medium enterprises: Moderating role of supply chain integration. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 27(12), 2753–2777. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2023.2217772 Orca
Barge, P., Franchetto, M. A. A., Maritano, V., Tortia, C., Gay, P., Schifanella, C., & Cena, F. (2023). Blockchain technology for food supply chain traceability and authentication. In V. Ferro, G. Giordano, S. Orlando, M. Vallone, G. Cascone, & S. M. C. Porto (Eds.), AIIA 2022: Biosystems engineering towards the Green Deal: Improving the resilience of agriculture, forestry and food systems in the post-Covid era (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Vol. 337, pp. 295–303). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30329-6_30 Springer
Dashti, L. A. H. F., Jackson, T., West, A., & Jackson, L. (2024). Enhancing halal food traceability: A model for rebuilding trust and integrity in Muslim countries. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(12), 3382–3408. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2023-0167 EconBiz
Ellahi, R. M., Wood, L. C., Khan, M., & Bekhit, A. E.-D. A. (2025). Integrity challenges in halal meat supply chain: Potential Industry 4.0 technologies as catalysts for resolution. Foods, 14(7), 1135. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071135 PubMed
Elfarnawani, M. O., & Kartiwi, M. (2024). Perspectives of stakeholders on the application of blockchain technology in halal supply chain in Malaysia. Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 6(4), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2024.v06i04.003 ResearchGate
Hamdi, M., Ikawati, R., & Linarti, U. (2025). Development of a halal broiler supply chain model: HABITS (Halal-Hygiene Assurance, Blockchain-Integrated Traceability System). JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen), 16(2), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v16i2.31482 Journal Unnes
Hawkins, R. (1999). The rise of consortia in the information and communication technology industries: Emerging implications for policy. Telecommunications Policy, 23(2), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-5961(98)00085-8 IDEAS/RePEc
Hew, J.-J., Wong, L.-W., Tan, G. W.-H., Ooi, K.-B., & Lin, B. (2020). The blockchain-based Halal traceability systems: A hype or reality? Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 25(6), 863–879. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2020-0044 Emerald Publishing
Hidayah, N. J., Fauzi, A. M., Rahayuningsih, M., & Arkeman, Y. (2024). The behavior toward halal traceability using blockchain for beef-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (literature review). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1359(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012039 ResearchGate
Masudin, I., Nugraha, R., & Khoidir, A. (2026). A hybrid intuitionistic fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS-DEMATEL framework for prioritizing and strategizing blockchain integration in Indonesia’s halal sustainable meat supply chains. Journal of Islamic Marketing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2025-0383 DOI
Nair, J., Chellasamy, A., & Singh, B. N. B. (2019). Readiness factors for information technology adoption in SMEs: Testing an exploratory model in an Indian context. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 13(4), 694–718. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-09-2018-0254 Emerald Publishing
Noordin, N., Md Noor, N. L., Hashim, M., & Samicho, Z. (2009, July 13–14). Value chain of halal certification system: A case of the Malaysia halal industry [Conference paper]. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS 2009), İzmir, Turkey. ResearchGate
Othman, P., Sungkar, I., & Wan Hussin, W. S. (2009). Malaysia as an international halal food hub: Competitiveness and potential of meat-based industries. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 26(3), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.1355/AE26-3F ISEAS Publishing
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 PubMed
Qader, G., Shahid, Z. A., Junaid, M., Shaikh, I. M., & Qureshi, M. A. (2023). The role of diffusion of innovation theory towards the adoption of halal meat supply chain. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(5), 1211–1228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0032 EconBiz
Wan Rosli, W. N., Md Sikin, A., & Ramli, M. H. (2024). Blockchain challenges in halal food industry using Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) and FMEA framework. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 6(1), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijbtm.2024.6.1.30 ResearchGate
Susanty, A., Yahya, M. D., Puspitasari, N. B., Sari, D. P., Rosyada, Z. F., & Jati, S. (2024). Mapping the barrier factor of blockchain-based halal traceability system adoption among chicken meat-based food supply chain actors. In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 11–15). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM62345.2024.10857168 Universitas Diponegoro
Tan, A., Gligor, D., & Ngah, A. (2022). Applying blockchain for Halal food traceability. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(6), 947–964. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2020.1825653 Taylor & Francis Online
Ulaga, W. (2003). Capturing value creation in business relationships: A customer perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 32(8), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.06.008 ScienceDirect
Zailani, S., Arrifin, Z., Abd Wahid, N., Othman, R., & Fernando, Y. (2010). Halal traceability and halal tracking systems in strengthening halal food supply chain for food industry in Malaysia (A review). Journal of Food Technology, 8(3), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.3923/jftech.2010.74.81 ResearchGate
Zailani, S., Lestari, Y. D., Norman, A. A., Yudoko, G., Famiola, M., Azzuhri, S. R., & Faturohman, T. (2024). Blockchain-based halal traceability system adoption for halal food supply chains: An exploratory study in Malaysia and Indonesia as emerging halal markets. In R. Islam, S. Zailani, & S. Ahmed (Eds.), Islamic operations management: Theories and applications (pp. 197–226). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003289050-17 UMexpert
Zaman, M. M., Alanazy, E., & Khan, I. (2026). Blockchain enabled traceability system for verifiable halal meat: Enhancing transparency and trust in food logistics. Transportation Research Procedia, 96, 956–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2026.04.078 ScienceDirect
