JOURNAL INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT (JISTM)

A FUZZY LOGIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING OBESITY RISK LEVELS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2025-06-20T17:27:04+08:00

The global prevalence of obesity remains high, with statistics showing that in 2022, one in eight individuals worldwide were living with obesity. Obesity is associated with various health risks, including diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and mental and emotional issues. Addressing obesity during adolescence is crucial for preventing related health problems in adulthood. Consequently, this study focuses on early obesity risk screening among university students using a Fuzzy Logic Model. Key input factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI), parental history, exercise habits, fibre intake, and fast-food consumption were collected from 30 students at UiTM Perlis Branch. The data were analyzed using 162 IF-THEN rules to classify obesity risk into low, medium, and high categories, demonstrating the flexibility and accuracy of fuzzy logic in handling vagueness and uncertainty in health assessments. The survey results indicated that 97% of the respondents were categorized as having a "medium" obesity risk, though at varying degrees within that category. Some students with healthy BMI values still fell into this category due to sedentary lifestyles and frequent consumption of fast food. This study successfully develops and implements a fuzzy logic model to evaluate risk levels of developing obesity. This model could aid the public and healthcare professionals in early diagnosis of obesity risk and could be further enhanced by incorporating additional obesity-related input factors.

TOWARDS A SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE OF SMES: THE ROLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI), SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION, & DIGITAL COMPETENCIES

2025-06-20T17:02:13+08:00

A sustainable business means creating the right conditions to ensure long-term business success. It is about the core operations of a business, and it means looking ahead and planning strategically for the future. Sustainability encompasses four aspects: social, environmental, economic, and governance. Understanding trends and the long-term implications of decisions will allow companies to manage risks better, seize new opportunities, and adapt quickly to change. Thus, this study examines the influence of artificial intelligence (AI), social media adoption, and digital competencies on SMEs' sustainable performance. This study involved 218 SME women entrepreneurs who were purposively selected as the study sample. The developed questionnaire was distributed to the respondents face to face to obtain more accurate data. The study data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software. The study findings showed a significant direct relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), social media adoption, digital competencies, and sustainable performance. The study findings also showed that digital competencies mediate the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), social media adoption, and sustainable performance. Thus, access to technology is crucial in strengthening the competitiveness of entrepreneurs in the digital era. Mastery of technology facilitates daily business management and opens opportunities for growth and innovation. Therefore, support and learning opportunities for entrepreneurs in technology are important to help them succeed in this increasingly digital market.

DEVELOPMENT OF CYBER SECURITY CULTURE AUDIT SYSTEM USING SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF ISC

2025-06-22T10:56:44+08:00

This paper presents the design of a Cyber Security Culture Audit (CSCA) system intended to improve cybersecurity practices within organizational settings. The system is built upon seven validated dimensions that define Information Security Culture (ISC), namely: Procedural Countermeasures (PCM), Risk Management (RM), Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA), Top Management Commitment (TMC), Security Monitoring (MON), Information Security Knowledge (ISK), and Information Security Knowledge Sharing (ISKS). These dimensions serve as the assessment criteria, ensuring validity and trustworthiness. Implemented as a web-based platform using HTML, PHP, and MySQL, the system offers a user-friendly interface, efficient backend processing, and robust data management. Through iterative deployment and real-world feedback, the system has been refined to provide detailed evaluations of an organization's Cyber Security Culture (CSC). The results demonstrate that the CSCA system is effective in providing comprehensive insights into an organization's cybersecurity posture. This study emphasizes the significance of continuous improvement in CSC and offers a valuable tool for enterprises to increase their security policies and prevent cyber threats. Limitations and future work are discussed to guide further research and development in this critical area.

BRIDGING TECHNOLOGY AND QUALITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) EFFECTIVENESS IN ENHANCING TAX AUDIT QUALITY

2025-06-20T16:42:27+08:00

In an era of accelerating digital transformation, the integrity and efficiency of tax audits have become more critical than ever. As governments confront increasing fiscal pressures, ensuring high-quality audits is essential to safeguarding national revenues and public trust. However, despite widespread implementation of Information Systems (IS) in audit processes, there remains a limited understanding of how IS effectiveness truly impacts tax audit quality. This systematic literature review seeks to address this pressing gap by synthesizing empirical evidence on the role of IS in enhancing tax audit performance. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, an advanced search strategy was applied across Scopus and Web of Science databases, yielding 25 eligible primary studies. Through thematic analysis, four dominant themes were identified: (1) System Quality and Technological Infrastructure, which highlights the importance of robust, integrated digital tools in improving audit efficiency; (2) Information Quality and Audit Decision-Making, emphasizing the role of reliable, timely, and relevant data in strengthening auditor judgment; (3) Service Quality and Auditor Support Systems, underlining the influence of technical support, training, and responsiveness on successful IS adoption; and (4) Intention to Use and Technology Acceptance in Auditing, focusing on behavioural and organizational factors shaping IS utilization. The review reveals that IS effectiveness is not solely a matter of system performance but also hinges on how well systems are aligned with user needs, organizational context, and audit objectives. These findings offer urgent and practical implications for tax authorities, developers, and policymakers seeking to enhance audit credibility through digital innovation. By bridging the gap between technology and audit practice, this review lays the groundwork for more targeted investments and informed strategies in digital audit reforms.

ADDRESSING CONSUMER HESITATION IN E-WASTE RECYCLING DIGITAL PLATFORMS: A REVIEW

2025-06-20T18:14:26+08:00

The continued exponential growth of electronic waste has major environmental, social, and economic consequences. Today, modern e-waste treatment procedures incorporate a wide range of information technology approaches and digital platforms. However, consumer adoption of these platforms remains low. This study fills up the void by investigating the primary barriers that prevent consumers from using digital platforms for e-waste recycling. Based on Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT), this study employs a dual-method approach; a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review and a qualitative web content analysis of digital platform operations and user feedback. The findings indicate that functional barriers, specifically usage, value, and risk, are the most significant barriers to adoption, with poor usability and system disruption being the most prominent. Psychological barriers, such as tradition and image, have a lesser but nonetheless substantial impact. This insight emphasizes the crucial importance of user-centred platform design, transparent processes, and personalized interaction techniques. Future research should include empirical and region-specific investigations, such as surveys and behavioural experiments, to validate these findings and suggest effective intervention strategies. This research indicates that bridging the gap between digital innovation and user behaviour is critical to fostering engagement in sustainable e-waste management.

MAPPING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER: A BIBLIOMETRIC EXPLORATION OF HERITAGE PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

2025-06-12T10:03:21+08:00

Academic interest in digital documentation for heritage preservation has intensified due to changes in conservation methods through technological progress. The analysis investigates both the research patterns alongside important contributors and essential subject areas and networking collaborations between scholars. Analysis of peer-reviewed literatures from 2015 to 2025 was conducted through VOSviewer to produce co-citation, co-occurrence and collaboration networks from Scopus database publications. Research productivity continues to increase steadily based on findings which show European universities from Italy Spain and Greece as the prominent contributors. Research areas around 3D scanning and photogrammetry must be considered together with GIS and HBIM while including upcoming immersive technology fields of XR and AI. There remain ongoing challenges within both intangible heritage documentation procedures and the inclusion of outside entities in European research networks. This research extends beyond established topics to investigate how ethical AI management should proceed as well as how to transition future areas of cultural heritage research into VR and AR technology and increase participation across underdeveloped areas. The research provides essential knowledge for experts in digital heritage research as well as policy creators and practice professionals who aim to understand the developing heritage preservation approaches.

THE COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF DIGITAL ADDICTION: EXPLORING THE PHENOMENON OF “BRAIN ROT”

2025-06-20T17:55:20+08:00

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of "brain rot," which refers to the gradual cognitive deterioration potentially resulting from excessive digital consumption. Using a qualitative research methodology combining systematic literature review and conceptual analysis, we examined the neurobiological mechanisms of digital addiction, the impact of algorithmic content delivery on cognitive function, and identified vulnerable demographic groups. Our findings indicate that excessive screen time can lead to memory issues, decreased attention span, and impaired decision-making abilities through dopamine dysregulation and neuroplasticity changes. The study also reveals that social media algorithms may exacerbate these effects through promoting emotionally triggering content and creating echo chambers. While the Internet offers numerous benefits, understanding its potential cognitive impacts is essential, particularly for children and adolescents whose brains are still developing. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital wellness and provides practical recommendations for healthier technology use.

DIABETES UPDATE WORKSHOP – ‘ENHANCING MANAGEMENT WITH DIABETES TECHNOLOGIES’

2025-06-20T17:16:44+08:00

Introduction. The rapid rise of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Malaysia, and its associated multitude of complications is increasingly concerning. As DM complications are generally attributed to poor and erratic glycemia control, the need for convenience is paramount, and reflected in the surge of modern devices for monitoring. Although modern technologies for diabetes control is increasingly available, the utilization in this country is inadequate, notably due to insufficient exposure in primary-care facilities. This program aimed to educate health-care workers on the utility of modern devices in diabetes management in a practical manner. Method. A diabetes management update workshop was designed for practical information dissemination among frontline health-care practitioners from various training backgrounds on the use of modern technologies in DM management. Information sharing was structured with lectures interspersed with case discussion and practical sessions. Program outline: Knowledge-sharing was initiated by an overview on diabetes technologies by an endocrinologist, followed by sessions on optimal management of diabetes in elderly and kidney disease, during pregnancy and in Ramadhan, delivered by content experts. A clinical case panel discussion ensued with robust interaction. Subsequently, small-group sessions on specific topics encompassing proper handling of insulin, lifestyle modification with the aid of modern software, and medication titration during illness were orchestrated. As a special feature, a hands-on workshop on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system was conducted with actual patient-volunteers, and with active involvement from the participants. Result. This program was successful with numerous positive feedback and requests for regular training programs. Conclusion. Adequate use of diabetes technologies in the community requires proper education of relevant health-care workers and dissemination of information to various levels of clinical practice. Similar structured programs should be conducted in various centres to enhance knowledge transfer and improve patient care.

IOT ENABLED MULTI FACTOR AUTHENTICATION LOCK SYSTEM

2025-06-22T11:02:41+08:00

Conventional door locks are easily bypassed, posing security threats. Recent IoT advancements have led to smart door locks, but many rely on single authentication methods. This work presents an IoT-enabled multi-factor authentication door lock system, enhancing security with RFID, numeric keypad, and access control via an ESP32 microcontroller and Arduino Uno board. It requires two out of three methods: PIN, facial recognition, and RFID tag verification, unlocking within 10 seconds and re-locking in 5-6 seconds. The average success rate in face recognition with and without disturbances such as spectacles, facial hair etc., are 97% and 92% respectively. Features include robust encryption, secure communication, and fail-safe mechanisms, with a modular design for smart home integration. Thoroughly tested, the system outperforms existing solutions in accuracy and flexibility, providing enhanced security through multi-factor authentication.

MEASURING THE USE OF ROBO-ADVISORS: A VALIDATED SCALE FOR MALAYSIAN INVESTORS

2025-06-20T16:52:57+08:00

The emergence of digital investment platforms, especially robo-advisors, has transformed the financial industry by delivering cost-effective, accessible, and data-driven investment services. However, despite these benefits, the adoption of robo-advisors in Malaysia remains lower compared to global benchmarks. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of an instrument measuring behavioural intention to use robo-advisors in the Malaysian context. The instrument underwent a rigorous validation process involving seven panel experts who assessed the measurement items for face and content validity. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were employed to evaluate expert consensus and guide item refinement. For reliability, analyses included internal consistency, factor loadings, and convergent validity. The final instrument consists of five items using a 5-point Likert scale and 30 items using a 7-point Likert scale, covering six key variables. This tool provides a solid framework for understanding adoption barriers and identifying growth opportunities for robo-advisors in Malaysia. The validated instrument is reliable for use in actual data collection and offers significant contributions to both academic research and industry application. It also strengthens the theoretical foundation of fintech adoption in emerging markets through comprehensive psychometric evaluation. Ultimately, the study delivers a pragmatic and context-specific tool for assessing behavioural intention in robo-advisor usage.

AUTOMATED SMOKING DETECTION IN RESTRICTED ZONES: A YOLOv8-BASED APPROACH WITH GENDER IDENTIFICATION

2025-06-22T10:52:43+08:00

This study investigates the application of YOLOv8 for smoking detection, utilizing a custom dataset and evaluating different optimization parameters, including optimizers AdamW, Adam, and SGD, with learning rates of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001. The evaluation highlights that the Adam optimizer with a learning rate of 0.001 delivers the best overall performance, achieving an mAP@50-95 of 0.713, along with high precision (93.1%) and recall (85.9%). In comparison, AdamW at the same learning rate shows slightly higher precision (93.9%) but marginally lower recall (86.4%), resulting in similar mAP values. On the other hand, SGD performs well in some cases but falls short overall, particularly at higher learning rates, which lead to unstable convergence and reduced accuracy. While the model exhibits robust detection capabilities in close-range, low-angle scenarios, it struggles with high-angle or long-distance conditions due to dataset diversity limitations. This research contributes to restricted-zone monitoring systems by offering insights into real-time behavioral tracking and informing future applications in public health and policy enforcement. The findings emphasize Adam's superiority in balancing precision, recall, and stability, providing an effective framework for real-time smoking detection systems. Future work should focus on diversifying and augmenting the dataset to enhance generalization across challenging conditions.

THE FUTURE OF BANGLA SENTIMENT ANALYSIS: ADVANCEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRACTICAL AND RESEARCH INNOVATION

2025-06-12T10:50:33+08:00

Bangla sentiment analysis has advanced significantly, transitioning from rule-based models and lexicons to deep learning and transformer-based architectures. Despite these developments, the field still faces critical challenges, including limited labeled data, complex morphology, code-mixed language, and dialectal variation. Although recent models and datasets have improved accuracy, key issues remain such as narrow domain coverage, underexplored aspect-based and emotion classification, and potential ethical concerns related to bias and fairness. This paper critically examines current approaches, including deep neural and cross-lingual models, and highlights new frontiers like multimodal sentiment analysis and real-time inference. It also outlines strategic directions for future research, focusing on zero-shot learning, dialogue-based sentiment detection, and fairness-aware frameworks. The study aims to provide a roadmap for making Bangla sentiment analysis both technologically robust and socially responsible.

A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF MULTIFACTORIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS (IDA), THE COMBINED APPLICATION OF IDA AND ARCGIS, AND ANN-BASED IDA METHODOLOYIES

2025-06-20T18:04:43+08:00

The Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method has been widely applied in structural design and assessment due to its ability to accurately predict structural failure or collapse probabilities. Extensive research has explored its application in optimizing structural design schemes. However, conventional IDA approaches often overlook several critical factors, such as the diversity of earthquake intensity measures, the existence of multiple failure modes, and regional variations in seismic risk—particularly in the context of seismically isolated structures. Moreover, the integration of IDA with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to improve computational efficiency remain underexplored. This article reviews recent studies on the application of IDA that consider multiple influencing factors, the integration of GIS with IDA, and ANN-based enhancements of IDA methodologies. Additionally, it identifies key research gaps in the application of IDA to seismically isolated structures, offering guidance for future investigations.