HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF MALAYSIAN AGEING WORKFORCE: BEYOND THE RETIREMENT OF 60

Abstract

Malaysia is projected to become an aged nation by 2048, when the proportion of citizens aged 65 years and above is expected to exceed 15% of the total population. Although the statutory minimum retirement age is 60, average life expectancy is approximately 76 years, potentially leaving many individuals to finance 16 years or more after leaving formal employment. Inadequate retirement savings and limited opportunities for continued participation may increase financial insecurity and dependency on families and public support systems. This concept paper draws on Sustainable Human Resource Management theory to propose a framework for extending meaningful working lives in Malaysia. The framework comprises four age-inclusive HRM practice bundles: maintenance, development, utilisation, and accommodation of older workers. These practices are expected to sustain work ability, protect workplace dignity, and enhance meaningful working life. In turn, the framework proposes two interrelated levels of sustainability outcomes. Organisational outcomes include talent retention and knowledge continuity, while societal outcomes include financial security, reduced dependency, and intergenerational cohesion. The framework also positions the workplace as a shared site in which HR professionals design age-inclusive employment systems and workplace social workers address psychosocial, caregiving, financial, and adjustment needs. It supports the implementation of the National Ageing Blueprint 2025-2045 by translating national priorities concerning lifelong employability, skills development, financial security, and social participation into workplace practices and assessable outcomes.