HUBUNGAN ANTARA SOKONGAN SOSIAL DENGAN KUALITI HIDUP GOLONGAN B40 YANG KEHILANGAN PEKERJAAN
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG B40 GROUP WHO LOST THEIR JOB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.956007Keywords:
Golongan B40 (B40 Groups), Berpendapatan Rendah (Low -income), Kehilangan Pekerjaan (Loss Job), Kualiti Hidup (Quality of Life), Sokongan Sosial (Social Support)Abstract
Kehilangan pekerjaan memberi kesan mendalam kepada kualiti hidup golongan berpendapatan rendah yang mencetuskan cabaran ekonomi, kesihatan mental, dan status sosial. Kehadiran sokongan sosial boleh mengurangkan kesan negatif ini, namun kualiti dan bentuk sokongan yang diterima boleh memberi kesan yang berbeza kepada diri individu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan di antara sokongan sosial dengan kualiti hidup golongan B40 yang kehilangan pekerjaan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan korelasi keratan rentas dengan sampel kajian (n=400) yang terdiri daripada golongan B40 yang kehilangan pekerjaan. Kualiti hidup diukur menggunakan Short Form-36 Survey (SF-36), yang merangkumi komponen kesihatan mental dan fizikal, manakala sokongan sosial diukur melalui Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (keluarga, rakan dan orang yang signifikan). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara sokongan sosial dengan kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan fizikal; keluarga (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), rakan (r = 0.15, p < 0.001), dan orang yang signifikan (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). Hanya dimensi orang yang signifikan (r = -0.15, p <0.001) sahaja mempunyai hubungan negatif yang signifikan dengan kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan mental. Penemuan ini telah menyerlahkan hubungan positif sokongan sosial terhadap kesihatan fizikal dan hubungan negatif sokongan sosial orang yang signifikan dengan kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan mental. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa hubungan dengan orang signifikan (contohnya pasangan atau suami/isteri) yang melibatkan harapan, tanggungjawab, atau konflik boleh memberi kesan yang kompleks terhadap kualiti kesihatan mental.
Job loss profoundly impacts the quality of life among low-income groups, triggering economic challenges, mental health issues, and social status disruptions. The presence of social support can mitigate these negative effects; however, the quality and type of support received may have varying impacts on individuals. This study aims to examine the relationship between social support and the quality of life among the B40 group experiencing job loss. Employing a cross-sectional correlational survey design, the study sampled 400 respondents from the B40 group who had lost their jobs. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 Survey (SF-36), encompassing both mental and physical health components, while social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), including dimensions of family, friends, and significant others. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between social support and physical health-related quality of life: family (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), friends (r = 0.15, p < 0.001), and significant others (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). However, only the significant other dimension (r = -0.15, p < 0.001) demonstrated a significant negative relationship with mental health-related quality of life. These findings highlight the positive association of social support with physical health and the complex negative influence of significant other support on mental health-related quality of life. The study suggests that relationships with significant others (e.g., partners or spouses), which involve expectations, responsibilities, or conflicts, can exert a complex impact on mental health quality.