KIT MEWARNA BERASASKAN STEAM DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN PROJEK (PBL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI, KREATIVITI SENI VISUAL DAN MOTOR HALUS MURID PERALIHAN TINGKATAN 1 DI SABAH

A STEAM-BASED COLOURING KIT WITH A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PBL) APPROACH TO ENHANCE LITERACY, VISUAL ARTS CREATIVITY AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS AMONG FORM ONE TRANSITION STUDENTS IN SABAH

Abstract

Kajian ini menilai keberkesanan kit mewarna berasaskan STEAM yang dilaksanakan melalui Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek (Project-Based Learning, PBL) dalam membangunkan literasi visual, kreativiti seni visual dan kemahiran motor halus dalam kalangan murid Tingkatan 1 Kelas Peralihan di Sabah. Latar belakang kajian menunjukkan bahawa murid peralihan sering berdepan cabaran seperti kelemahan dalam pemahaman visual, kekangan bahasa serta kekurangan bahan bantu mengajar yang interaktif sekali gus menjejaskan motivasi dan fokus pembelajaran. Reka bentuk kajian kes kualitatif telah digunakan dengan triangulasi kaedah merangkumi pemerhatian berstruktur, temu bual separa berstruktur dan analisis dokumen hasil kerja murid. Seramai 55 orang murid dari sebuah sekolah menengah harian dipilih sebagai peserta kajian. Intervensi dilaksanakan selama empat minggu menerusi aktiviti seni berasaskan elemen STEAM menggunakan kit mewarna khas. Hasil analisis tematik telah mengenal pasti lima tema utama, iaitu peningkatan literasi visual, perkembangan kreativiti seni visual, peningkatan kemahiran motor halus, peningkatan penglibatan dan motivasi murid serta pembelajaran berasaskan kolaborasi. Dapatan menunjukkan perubahan ketara dalam kemahiran visual dan psikomotor serta lonjakan motivasi terhadap pembelajaran. Pendekatan ini bukan sahaja membina kemahiran teknikal malah menyokong pembelajaran bermakna dan holistik selari dengan teori konstruktivisme sosial (Vygotsky), teori kreativiti Torrance dan pendekatan pembelajaran pelbagai deria (multisensori). Secara keseluruhan, integrasi STEAM dan PBL melalui aktiviti seni mewarna berpotensi tinggi sebagai intervensi pedagogi interdisiplin yang mesra murid dan wajar diperluas dalam konteks pendidikan abad ke-21.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a STEAM based colouring kit implemented through a Project Based Learning (PBL) approach in developing visual literacy, visual arts creativity and fine motor skills among Form 1 Transition students in Sabah. The study’s background indicates that transition students often face challenges such as weaknesses in visual comprehension, language barriers and a lack of interactive teaching aids, which in turn affect motivation and focus in learning. A qualitative case study design was employed with method triangulation encompassing structured observation, semi structured interviews and document analysis of students’ work. A total of 55 students from a daily secondary school were selected as participants. The intervention was conducted over four weeks through art activities based on STEAM elements using a specially designed colouring kit. Thematic analysis identified five main themes, enhancement of visual literacy, development of visual arts creativity, improvement of fine motor skills, increased student engagement, motivation and collaborative based learning. Findings show significant changes in visual and psychomotor skills along with a surge in learning motivation. This approach not only builds technical skills but also supports meaningful and holistic learning, aligned with social constructivist theory (Vygotsky), creativity theory (Torrance) and multi sensory learning approaches. Overall, the integration of STEAM and PBL via colouring art activities holds strong potential as a student friendly interdisciplinary pedagogical intervention that merits wider application in 21st century educational contexts.