MEMAHAMI SALAH LAKU SEKSUAL DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI MALAYSIA: PUNCA, PENDIDIKAN DAN STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN

UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL MISCONDUCT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA: CAUSES, EDUCATION, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Isu salah laku seksual dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Malaysia merupakan cabaran sosial dan pendidikan yang semakin kompleks, dengan implikasi langsung terhadap kesihatan reproduktif, kesejahteraan psikologi serta pembangunan moral remaja. Berlandaskan kerangka Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), khususnya Matlamat 3 (Kesihatan dan Kesejahteraan), Matlamat 4 (Pendidikan Berkualiti) serta Matlamat 5 (Kesaksamaan Gender), kajian ini menelusuri konsep, punca, pendidikan dan strategi pencegahan salah laku seksual dalam konteks tempatan. Dapatan literatur menunjukkan bahawa fenomena ini berpunca daripada ketidakseimbangan kuasa, norma patriarki, pengaruh rakan sebaya, penggunaan bahan terlarang serta kelemahan dalam pendidikan seks yang komprehensif (Lodz et al., 2019; Mutalip et al., 2019; Idris et al., 2022). Dalam konteks pendidikan, walaupun Akta Kesalahan Seksual Terhadap Kanak-kanak 2017 serta kurikulum pendidikan seks telah diperkenalkan, pelaksanaannya masih kurang berkesan akibat kekangan budaya dan kekurangan penglibatan ibu bapa (Fariduddin, 2023; Wahab & Nor, 2018). Selain itu, isu gangguan seksual oleh rakan sebaya dan pendidik turut mencerminkan cabaran etika serta penyalahgunaan kuasa dalam institusi pendidikan (Mohamed, 2015; Wurtele et al., 2019). Keadaan ini menuntut pelaksanaan strategi pencegahan yang lebih holistik seperti pengukuhan pendidikan seks berasaskan sekolah, pelaksanaan program intervensi komuniti serta pendekatan inklusif terhadap pelajar berkeperluan khas (Solehati et al., 2023; Prasetyaningsih, 2025). Kerjasama antara pihak sekolah, keluarga dan komuniti perlu diperkukuh bagi mewujudkan persekitaran pembelajaran yang selamat serta beretika, manakala dasar perundangan perlu diperhebat untuk melindungi pelajar daripada eksploitasi dan diskriminasi seksual. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan keperluan pengintegrasian aspek pendidikan, perundangan dan sosial bagi membentuk pendekatan bersepadu dalam usaha mencegah salah laku seksual dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Malaysia.

Sexual misconduct among secondary school students in Malaysia represents an increasingly complex social and educational challenge, with direct implications for reproductive health, psychological well-being, and adolescents’ moral development. Grounded in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), Goal 4 (Quality Education), and Goal 5 (Gender Equality), this study examines the concepts, causes, educational dimensions, and prevention strategies of sexual misconduct within the local context. The literature indicates that this phenomenon is driven by power imbalances, patriarchal norms, peer influence, substance use, and weaknesses in comprehensive sexuality education (Lodz et al., 2019; Mutalip et al., 2019; Idris et al., 2022). In the educational context, although the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017 and sexuality education curricula have been introduced, their implementation remains limited due to cultural constraints and insufficient parental involvement (Fariduddin, 2023; Wahab & Nor, 2018). Furthermore, issues of sexual harassment perpetrated by peers and educators reflect ethical challenges and the abuse of power within educational institutions (Mohamed, 2015; Wurtele et al., 2019). These conditions necessitate more holistic prevention strategies, including strengthening school-based sexuality education, implementing community-level intervention programmes, and adopting inclusive approaches for students with special needs (Solehati et al., 2023; Prasetyaningsih, 2025). Collaboration among schools, families, and communities must be reinforced to create a safe and ethical learning environment, while legal frameworks should be further strengthened to protect students from sexual exploitation and discrimination. Overall, this study underscores the need to integrate educational, legal, and social dimensions to establish a comprehensive and coordinated approach to preventing sexual misconduct among secondary school students in Malaysia.