MENGURANGKAN RISIKO HARTA TIDAK DITUNTUT: PERANAN NIAT DAN PERSEPSI PENGGUNA TERHADAP PRODUK WASIAT
REDUCING THE RISK OF UNCLAIMED ESTATES: THE ROLE OF USER INTENTION AND PERCEPTION TOWARD WILL PRODUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.1162001Keywords:
Harta Tidak Dituntut (Islamic Estate Planning), Niat Pengguna (User Intention), Perancangan Harta Islam (Unclaimed Inheritance), Persepsi (Perception), Wasiat (Will)Abstract
Masalah harta tidak dituntut di Malaysia semakin membimbangkan akibat kelemahan dalam amalan perancangan harta. Meskipun wasiat merupakan instrumen penting untuk menangani isu ini, kadar penggunaannya masih rendah dalam kalangan masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyemak secara sistematik literatur berkaitan niat dan persepsi pengguna terhadap produk wasiat, serta mengenal pasti halangan utama yang dihadapi oleh komuniti Muslim. Kajian Literatur Sistematik (SLR) ini dijalankan berpandukan protokol PRISMA. Artikel dikumpul daripada Scopus, Google Scholar, dan Semantic Scholar, meliputi tahun 2000 hingga 2025. Kata kunci dibina berdasarkan kerangka PEO, dan data dianalisis secara tematik dan naratif. Sebanyak 93 artikel dikaji. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa niat pengguna dipengaruhi oleh sikap, norma sosial, dan kawalan tingkah laku. Persepsi pengguna pula berkait rapat dengan tahap kesedaran, kepercayaan terhadap institusi, dan kefahaman agama. Halangan utama termasuk kurang pengetahuan, kekeliruan hukum, dan keengganan berbincang tentang kematian. Kajian ini menekankan keperluan model tingkah laku dalam perancangan harta Islam. Implikasi praktikal disarankan untuk membantu institusi dan pembuat dasar meningkatkan kesedaran dan pendidikan masyarakat.
Unclaimed inheritance remains a growing concern in Malaysia due to poor estate planning practices. Although wills are a key instrument to address this issue, their adoption among the public remains low. This study aims to systematically review the literature on users’ intention and perception toward will products and to identify common barriers faced by Muslim communities. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA protocol. Articles from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar published between 2000 and 2025 were analysed. Search terms were constructed using the PEO framework, and data were synthesised thematically and narratively. A total of 93 articles were reviewed. Findings revealed that intention is shaped by users’ attitudes, social influence, and perceived behavioural control. Perceptions are influenced by awareness, trust in institutions, and religious understanding. Barriers include low knowledge, legal confusion, and discomfort discussing death. Existing studies often focus on legal aspects, with limited behavioural insights. This review highlights the need for behavioural models in Islamic estate planning. It provides practical implications for financial institutions and policymakers to improve education and awareness. Future research should explore mixed methods and culturally grounded frameworks.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, M. M., & Nasir, N. M. (2023). The viability of Islamic estate planning in Malaysian Muslim market: A bibliometric analysis indexed by Scopus from 2015 to 2021. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 20(1), 1–23
Ahmad, Hamid dan Samsudin Wahab. (2021). Kajian Empirikal Pengaruh Teori Gelagat Terancang Terhadap Niat Untuk Membuat Hibah. Jurnal Dunia Pengurusan, 3(4), 20-3.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planeed Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Alias Azhar. (2014). Pengurusan Harta Dalam Islam Perspektif Hibah di Malaysia. Journal of Human Development and Communication, 3.
Al-Nawawī, Y. S. (2003). Al-Majmū‘ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab (Jil. 15). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Zuhayli, W. (2006). Al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa adillatuh (Jil. 8). Damsyik: Dār al-Fikr.
Bibi, N. A. Z., & Ahmad, M. Y. (2016). Kekangan dan penyelesaian kelewatan pengurusan aset pusaka tak alih orang Islam di Malaysia. Islamiyyat, 38(1), 59–68.
Faiz Hatim, H. (2019). Kitābah al-waṣiyyah fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa taṭbīqātihā fi sharikat al-amānah. UMRAN – International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 6(3), 1–12.
Hasliza, T., Noor Naemah, A. R., & Raihanah, A. (2016). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah dalam pelaksanaan wasiat: Analisis terhadap amalan semasa di Malaysia. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, 3(2), 45–60.
Ibn Qudāmah, A. (1997). Al-Mughnī (Jil. 6). Riyadh: Dār ‘Ālam al-Kutub.
Mohd Fitri Abdul Rahman, Kamarudin Ngah, Jamaludin Mustaffa, Rozita Abdul Mutalib, Mohd Hilmi Hamzah. (2016). Kelewatan Dalam Pembahagian Harta Pusaka. Journal Of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSA), 2(3).
Mohd Shahril, A. R., Noor Lizza, M. A., & Siti Mashitoh, M. (2018). Cabaran dalam pengurusan harta pusaka berwasiat di Malaysia. Dalam Proceedings of the International Research Conference on Social Sciences (IRCSS 2018) (hlm. 112–121). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohd Zakiul Fuady, M. D., Ahmad Hidayat, B., & Noor Naemah, A. R. (2018). Wasiat wajibah kepada anak angkat menurut undang-undang Islam di Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Law, 23(1), 85–102.
Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. (2019). Irsyad hukum berkaitan wasiat kepada waris tanpa persetujuan waris lain. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. https://muftiwp.gov.my
Mujani M.K, Wan Hussain W.M.H., Yaakub N.I. & Abdul Rashid R. (2011). Construction of Failure Ad Delay Under Islamic Estate Management. International Business Management 5(6):326-330.
Noor Adila, M. N., & Che Zuina, I. (2018). Harta wasiat orang Islam di Malaysia: Ulasan perundangan dan pelaksanaan. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED), 3(12), 55–66.
Rosmah binti Suly & seorang lagi lwn. Suly bin Rangkota (si mati) [2022] MLRAU 200.
Rusnadewi Abdul Rashid. 2006. Masalah Kegagalan dan Kelewatan Pengagihan Harta Pusaka di Malaysia. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
