PERSEPSI GENDER DAN NIAT MENYERTAI PILATES: PERANAN PENGANTARAAN KONSTRUK TEORI TINGKAH LAKU TERANCANG
GENDER PERCEPTIONS AND INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN PILATES: THE MEDIATING ROLES OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR CONSTRUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.1164017Keywords:
Kawalan Tingkah Laku Yang Dirasakan (Perceived Behavioral Control), Niat Menyertai Pilates (Pilates Participation Intention),, Norma Subjektif (Subjective Norm), Pengantaraan (Mediation), Persepsi Gender (Gender Perceptions), Sikap (Attitude), Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang (Theory of Planned Behavior)Abstract
Pilates merupakan aktiviti minda-tubuh yang memberikan pelbagai manfaat kecergasan, namun persepsi gender terhadap aktiviti ini berpotensi berkaitan dengan niat penyertaan melalui mekanisme psikososial. Berasaskan Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang (TTLT), kajian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan persepsi gender dengan niat menyertai Pilates melalui peranan pengantaraan sikap, norma subjektif dan kawalan tingkah laku yang dirasakan. Kajian kuantitatif menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas melibatkan 142 individu dewasa di Lembah Klang, terdiri daripada 71 lelaki dan 71 wanita. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, korelasi Pearson, regresi berbilang dan analisis pengantaraan selari dengan 5,000 sampel bootstrap. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa persepsi gender mempunyai hubungan negatif yang signifikan dengan sikap (β = −.328, p < .001), norma subjektif (β = −.331, p < .001) dan kawalan tingkah laku yang dirasakan (β = −.356, p < .001). Sikap (β = .252, p = .001), norma subjektif (β = .225, p = .004) dan kawalan tingkah laku yang dirasakan (β = .379, p < .001) pula merupakan peramal positif yang signifikan terhadap niat menyertai Pilates. Model menerangkan 38.3% varians niat. Sebaliknya, kesan langsung persepsi gender terhadap niat tidak signifikan selepas ketiga-tiga konstruk TTLT dimasukkan ke dalam model (β = .078, p = .305). Analisis pengantaraan menunjukkan kesan tidak langsung yang signifikan melalui sikap (B = −.091, 95% CI [−.180, −.023]), norma subjektif (B = −.082, 95% CI [−.156, −.029]) dan kawalan tingkah laku yang dirasakan (B = −.149, 95% CI [−.245, −.072]). Dapatan ini menunjukkan corak indirect-only mediation, dengan kawalan tingkah laku yang dirasakan sebagai mediator dan peramal niat yang paling dominan. Kajian ini menyokong aplikasi TTLT yang diperluas dengan menunjukkan bahawa persepsi gender berkaitan dengan niat menyertai Pilates terutamanya melalui mekanisme psikososial, bukannya melalui kesan langsung. Kajian akan datang disarankan menggunakan reka bentuk longitudinal dan sampel yang lebih pelbagai untuk mengesahkan mekanisme pengantaraan serta hubungannya dengan penyertaan Pilates sebenar.
Pilates is a mind-body exercise associated with various fitness benefits; however, gender perceptions surrounding the activity may be related to participation intention through psychosocial mechanisms. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examined the relationship between gender perceptions and intention to participate in Pilates through the mediating roles of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 142 adults in the Klang Valley, comprising 71 men and 71 women. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and parallel mediation analysis with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Gender perceptions were significantly and negatively related to attitude (β = −.328, p < .001), subjective norm (β = −.331, p < .001), and perceived behavioral control (β = −.356, p < .001). In turn, attitude (β = .252, p = .001), subjective norm (β = .225, p = .004), and perceived behavioral control (β = .379, p < .001) significantly and positively predicted intention to participate in Pilates. The model explained 38.3% of the variance in participation intention. In contrast, the direct effect of gender perceptions on intention was not significant after accounting for the three TPB constructs (β = .078, p = .305). Parallel mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects through attitude (B = −.091, 95% CI [−.180, −.023]), subjective norm (B = −.082, 95% CI [−.156, −.029]), and perceived behavioral control (B = −.149, 95% CI [−.245, −.072]). These findings indicate an indirect-only mediation pattern, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest mediator and predictor of intention. The study supports an extended application of TPB by demonstrating that gender perceptions are related to Pilates participation intention primarily through psychosocial mechanisms rather than through a direct effect. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs and more diverse samples to validate the mediation mechanisms and examine their associations with actual Pilates participation.
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