NAVIGATING RISKS IN HALAL SUPPLY CHAINS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENSURING COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY

Abstract

The growing demand for Halal products in global markets underscores the critical importance of Halal supply chain management (HSCM) in ensuring compliance, integrity, and consumer trust. However, maintaining Halal integrity throughout the supply chain remains a significant challenge due to various risk factors, logistical barriers, and the absence of robust governance mechanisms. This study aims to comprehensively explore the risk factors affecting Halal logistics and food integrity, analyze the barriers to effective HSCM, and evaluate potential strategies to address these challenges. To achieve these objectives, the study employed a systematic and data-driven approach, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed journal articles, case studies, and industry reports. This method enabled the identification of key risk dimensions, including production-related risks, contamination during logistics, and inadequate traceability systems. Additionally, the study examined barriers such as resistance from logistics service providers, limited customer demand for Halal-compliant practices, and insufficient infrastructure to support Halal logistics operations. Emerging technologies, particularly blockchain, were also explored as potential enablers of transparency, traceability, and trust in the Halal supply chain. The findings reveal that production-related risks are the most critical, while sustainability risks are comparatively less significant. Practical implications include the need for supply chain managers to prioritize risk mitigation efforts, policymakers to develop standardized guidelines, and certification bodies to streamline Halal certification processes. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, such as the reliance on secondary data and the lack of empirical validation across diverse regions. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners by offering a structured understanding of the complexities in HSCM and highlighting opportunities for future research and technological integration to ensure Halal integrity in global supply chains.