CASE STUDY OF PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CU, FE AND ZN BY USING VETIVER GRASS (VETIVERIA ZIZANOIDES)

Abstract

The intensification of geological and anthropogenic activity has rendered the presence of heavy metals a significant environmental problem globally.  The significant discharge of heavy metals into the soil induces enduring consequences on the environment, as they cannot be decomposed into non-toxic forms.  Phytoremediation is an economical green method suitable for environmental preservation.  The success of phytoremediation depends on numerous parameters, including plant behaviour and the uptake levels of both organic and inorganic contaminants.  Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) possesses significant potential for phytoremediation due to its remarkable characteristics.  The objective of the study is to assess the presence of heavy metals in Vetiver Grass and soil, as well as the correlation between the plant and the soil.  The research was performed in a greenhouse to ensure adequate sunlight for the plants while protecting them from precipitation.  This study used a one-factor completely randomised block design in which the concentrations of a synthetic Zn mixture (treatment) are established at five distinct levels (control, 250 ppm, 450 ppm, 750 ppm, 950 ppm), determined by the soil toxicity level aligned with the tolerance range of Vetiver Grass to that toxicity.  The concentrations of copper and iron in the soil were established as criteria.  During the experiment, all three elements, Cu, Fe, and Zn, accumulated in the plants during the course of one month of growth.  The results indicated a statistically significant change in available Zn before and after the planting of Vetiver Grass and treatments (p value: 0.006).  This investigation may enhance understanding of the mechanisms of pollutant uptake and the build-up of heavy metals under varying analytical settings.