A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA (2020–2024)

Abstract

Malaysia faces escalating disaster risks due to rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and climate change, necessitating an effective Disaster Risk Management (DRM) framework. This systematic review aims to analyze the present state of DRM in Malaysia, identify key challenges, and propose actionable recommendations for enhancing resilience. Malaysia’s increasing susceptibility to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and storms underscores the urgent need for a robust and inclusive DRM framework. A comprehensive literature search was performed via databases including Scopus and PubMed, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The research selected 40 publications from 2020 through 2024 after conducting a thorough screening according to established eligibility criteria. The findings were divided into three themes: (1) Disaster Preparedness and Community Adaptation, (2) Technological Approaches in DRM, and (3) Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Natural Disasters. The analysis highlights critical gaps in institutional coordination, public awareness, and integrating Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into urban planning and policies. Malaysia has introduced early warning systems and community-based disaster preparedness programs yet inconsistent execution along with limited resources reduces their effectiveness. The review concludes that addressing these gaps requires a paradigm shift towards proactive, inclusive, and adaptive DRM approaches underpinned by robust policy frameworks, community engagement, and cross-sectoral partnerships. The obtained findings provide essential knowledge to enhance Malaysia’s disaster resilience for both policymakers, researchers and practitioners.