FOOD SECURITY AMONG WOMEN IN MALAYSIA: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Food security remains a critical global challenge, with significant implications for health, economic stability, and social equity. In Malaysia, despite being an upper-middle-income country, food insecurity persists, particularly among vulnerable populations such as low-income households and women. Women, especially those in rural areas and female-headed households, are disproportionately affected due to socioeconomic disparities, cultural norms, and limited access to resources such as land, credit, and education. This comprehensive literature review examines the determinants, challenges, and impacts of food insecurity among women in Malaysia, using the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) framework of food security—availability, access, utilization, and stability. The review synthesizes existing research to identify key factors influencing food security, including economic constraints, educational disparities, and cultural barriers, as well as the health and nutritional impacts of food insecurity on women. It also evaluates the effectiveness of current government policies and interventions, such as the National Agro-Food Policy and food assistance programs, in addressing gender-specific challenges. The findings reveal significant gaps in gender-disaggregated data, policy evaluation, and research on marginalized groups, such as rural and indigenous women. This review highlights the need for gender-sensitive policies, community-based interventions, and innovative solutions to empower women and enhance food security. By addressing these challenges, Malaysia can move closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and improving the well-being of its population. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, including longitudinal studies and comparative analyses, to inform evidence-based policies and programs that promote equitable and sustainable food systems.