MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CONCRETE ENGINEERING: A BIBLIOMETRIC AND SCIENTOMETRIC REVIEW

Abstract

This bibliometric review maps the evolution of microbial biotechnology in concrete engineering using Scopus records (final stage, English) retrieved on 30 September 2025. After OpenRefine cleaning and harmonisation, 1,732 publications were analysed with VOSviewer (association-strength normalisation; full counting) to construct networks of author keywords, countries, and sources. Publications have accelerated since 2015, with Engineering, Materials Science, and Environmental Science dominating the field. Keyword co-occurrence reveals four clusters centred on MICP mechanisms, durability/self-healing, characterisation methods, and sustainable construction. India, the United States, and China lead in output, while Belgium shows high citation impact. We highlight methodological transparency (query, access date, thresholds) and report gaps in long-term field validation and scale-up strategies. The study provides an evidence-based map of hotspots and collaborations to guide future research on durable, low-carbon concrete.