BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS) PLACEMENT AND SIZING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCED POWER SYSTEM STABILITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as a critical solution for enhancing power system stability amidst increasing variability from modern power grids. However, determining the optimal placement and sizing of BESS remains a complex challenge due to diverse grid topologies, operational uncertainties, and the need to balance technical and economic performance. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on BESS placement and sizing strategies to improve overall power system stability. Using the PRISMA methodology, a structured search was conducted across Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, applying advanced keyword combinations to ensure comprehensive coverage. A total of 30 primary studies were identified and screened for relevance and methodological quality. The reviewed literature was synthesized into three thematic areas: (1) Placement, Sizing and Allocation of BESS covering planning approaches and grid-integration strategies; (2) Frequency, Dynamic Stability and Control with BESS focusing on operational stability improvements under low-inertia and contingency conditions; and (3) Optimization Methods, Techno-economic Management, Scheduling and Microgrids addressing algorithmic frameworks and economic considerations in BESS deployment. Numerical findings across the studies show that coordinated placement–sizing decisions can reduce instability indices, while advanced optimization techniques enhance both dynamic performance and cost efficiency. Several studies also highlight the importance of integrating control dynamics and probabilistic assessments to avoid over-sizing and improve robustness under uncertainty. Overall, this review consolidates existing knowledge, identifies methodological gaps, and highlights future research opportunities toward developing more integrated, reliable, and cost-effective BESS planning frameworks for enhanced power system stability.