SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES EQUIPPED WITH FRICTION DAMPERS UNDER VERTICAL EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJIREV.824011Keywords:
Passive Energy Dissipation, Rotational Friction Dampers, Seismic Analysis, Steel Moment-Resisting Frames, Vertical Ground MotionAbstract
This study investigates the seismic performance of moment-resisting frames equipped with rotational friction dampers under simultaneous horizontal and vertical earthquake components. A 9-story steel moment frame was analyzed using nonlinear dynamic time history analysis with five high-magnitude earthquake records. The dampers were designed with a capacity equal to 30% of the base shear force at each story level. Results demonstrate that implementing rotational friction dampers reduces maximum roof displacement by an average of 31% and maximum base shear by 32%. The analysis was performed using OpenSees software, considering both horizontal and vertical earthquake components simultaneously. The friction dampers effectively dissipate seismic energy while maintaining the main structural elements in the elastic range, proving to be an efficient passive energy dissipation system for seismic retrofitting of structures.
Downloads
References
Babaei, S., & Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F. (2025a). Retrofitting for Resilience: Seismic Rehabilitation and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Reinforced Concrete School in Nicosia After The 2023 Turkey Earthquakes. Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, 13(4), 1232-1251. doi:10.36306/konjes.1626828
Babaei, S., & Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F. (2024a). Parametric Study of Vertically Isolated Steel Braced Frames Controlled by Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 14(2), 194-201. doi:10.2478/jaes-2024-0024
Babaei, S., & Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F. (2025b). Seismic Rehabilitation of a Reinforced Concrete School in Northern Cyprus Following the 2023 Turkey Earthquake Sequences. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 12(1), 213-227. doi:10.54287/gujsa.1590807
Babaei, S., Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F., Beydola, A., & Habib, A. (2024). Seismic Rehabilitation and Nonlinear Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete School in Nicosia Following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequences. Paper presented at the 3rd National Civil Engineering Symposium, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus.
Babaei, S., & Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F. (2024b). A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tuned Vertical Isolation System for Seismic Risk Mitigation. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 14(1), 27-34. doi:10.2478/jaes-2024-0004
Chen, L., Wang, B., & Zhou, X. (2023). Analytical and experimental investigation of a motion amplified rotational friction damper. Engineering Structures, 289, 116265.
Chen, W., Wang, J., Dai, K., Hassanein, M. F., & Sharbati, R. (2025). Seismic rocking fragility analysis of unanchored nonstructural components under combined horizontal and vertical near-fault ground motions. Journal of Building Engineering, 107, 112645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112645
Chopra, A. K. (2007). Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Chopra, A. K. (2017). Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Daemi, F., Habibi, M. R., Tavana, M. H., & Eivani, H. (2024). Seismic performance factors of elliptic-braced frames with rotational friction dampers through IDA. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 29(4).
Di Michele, F., Cantagallo, C., & Spacone, E. (2020). Effects of the vertical seismic component on seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry structure. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 1635–1656.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2000). Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings (FEMA 356). Washington, DC.
Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F., & Babaei, S. (2025a). Seismic performance evaluation of space-frame structures using nonlinear static and time-history analyses. [Uzay kafes yapılarının sismik performansının doğrusal olmayan statik ve zaman-tarih analizleri ile değerlendirilmesi]. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 659-667. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1633034
Karimi Ghaleh Jough, F., & Babaei, S. (2025b). Fuzzy Logic Applications in Advanced Seismic Collapse Prediction of Steel Moment Frames Accounting for Sources of Uncertainty. Paper presented at the International Conference on Engineering, Natural Sciences, and Technological Developments (ICENSTED 2025), Bayburt, Türkiye.
Keightley, W. O. (1977). Vibrational energy absorption for structures. Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Delhi, India.
Li, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Chen, M. (2024). Experimental study of rotational friction damper for seismic response control: Friction material comparison and configuration optimization. Engineering Structures, 300, 117235.
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Zhang, J. (2024). Design, manufacturing, and testing of a non-preload variable friction damper for seismic application of buildings. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2024, 9573096.
Malhotra, A., Garg, A., & Behl, A. (2020). Effectiveness of friction dampers in seismic and wind response control of connected adjacent steel buildings. Shock and Vibration, 2020, 8304359.
Manoukas, G. (2026). Implications of vertical ground motion on reinforced concrete frame buildings with beams supporting columns. Structures, 84, 111051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.111051
Mousavi, S. M., & Beroza, G. C. (2024). Recent advances in earthquake seismology using machine learning. Earth, Planets and Space, 76, 27.
Mualla, I. H. (2000). Experimental and computational evaluation of a novel friction damper device (Doctoral dissertation, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen).
Mualla, I. H., & Nielsen, L. O. (2002). A friction damping system for earthquake motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 31(8), 1489–1514.
Mualla, I., & Belev, B. (2015). Analysis, design and applications of rotational friction dampers for seismic protection. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska, 199. https://doi.org/10.7862/rb.2015.199
Naeem, A., & Kim, J. (2020). Seismic retrofit of structures using rotational friction dampers with restoring force. Advances in Structural Engineering, 23(15), 3321–3334.
Pall, A. S., & Marsh, C. (1982). Response of friction damped braced frames. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, 108(ST6), 1313–1323.
Popov, E. P., Grigorian, C. E., & Yang, T.-S. (1995). Developments in seismic structural analysis and design. Engineering Structures, 17(3), 187-197.
Standard 2800. (2012). Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings. Iran: BHRC.
Yang, W., Huang, J., Li, K., & Chen, S. (2024). Comparative seismic performance evaluation of friction, self-centering and hybrid self-centering dampers. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 218, 108686.
