UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION: AN ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATE PROPERTIES AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJIREV.824034Keywords:
Mushroom Cultivation, Paddy Straw, Pineapple Leaf, Rubber SawdustAbstract
Malaysia's agricultural sector significantly contributes to waste production, particularly from major commodity crops such as oil palm, pineapple, and paddy, which contain nutritive value that can be recycled for economic and social benefits. However, improper management of these wastes may lead to environmental pollution. Rubber sawdust is a prevalent substrate for oyster mushroom production; nevertheless, its escalating cost and restricted availability render it more unfeasible. This study explored the potential of using agricultural wastes such as paddy straw (T1), pineapple leaf (T2), and empty fruit bunch (T3) as substrates for cultivating oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), with rubber sawdust (T0) as the control. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The substrates were analysed for pH and nutrient content (total P, exchangeable K, and Ca), while outputs such as mycelial growth, mushroom yield, and cost-benefit metrics were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences in nutrient content among the substrates, except that pineapple leaves had significantly higher potassium levels. All substrates supported mushroom production except for pineapple leaves. Paddy straw exhibited the fastest sprouting time, requiring only one day after a 45-day incubation period. Rubber sawdust yielded the highest total mushroom output, which was approximately 609.2 grams over three harvesting cycles. These findings emphasize the possible use of agricultural residues, particularly paddy straw and empty fruit bunches, as viable and cost-effective alternatives to rubber sawdust for sustainable oyster mushroom production.
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