UNVEILING THE HIDDEN IMPACTS: HOW ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES SHAPE THE WATER QUALITY OF PAYA BUNGUR LAKE, GAMBANG, PAHANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJIREV.824039Keywords:
Anthropogenic Activities, Heavy Metals, National Water Quality Standards, Water QualityAbstract
Water quality is essential for sustainable development and public health. This study investigates the water quality of Paya Bungur Lake in Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia, a vital resource for the local community. The lake's ecosystem is significantly degraded by anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, aquaculture, mining, and construction, which contribute to pollution through nutrient runoff, organic waste, heavy metal contamination, and habitat destruction. The study assessed six sampling points for key water quality parameters, including temperature, turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and heavy metals. Results indicated a temperature range of 31.4 to 33°C, turbidity levels of Class III (88.55 to 95.85 NTU) at most points, and Class IV (101 to 102.55 NTU) at two points. BOD ranged from 3.94 to 4.27 mg/L (Class III), while DO (5.75 to 5.96 mg/L) and pH (6.0–6.4) met Class IIB standards. Salinity (0.03%) and TDS (42 to 45 mg/L) were classified as Class I, while TSS ranged from 54.5 to 121.5 mg/L, with two points in Class IV. Heavy metal analysis revealed aluminium (1.51 mg/L), calcium (6.05 mg/L), and magnesium (1.43 mg/L) at Class IV levels. Iron (0.72 mg/L) was Class III, manganese, lead, and zinc were within Class I, and copper was in Class IIB. Elevated nutrient and heavy metal levels, primarily originating from oil palm plantations, aquaculture, and the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) construction project, have led to eutrophication, algal blooms, and ecological stress. Mitigation strategies, including precision agriculture, eco-friendly aquaculture, advanced water treatment technologies, and regular monitoring, are crucial for restoring the lake's environmental health. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, local authorities, and stakeholders are crucial for enforcing environmental regulations, promoting sustainable land-use practices, and ensuring the lake's sustainability for future generations.
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