KOMPONEN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN KEUSAHAWANAN DALAM PROGRAM LATIHAN KEMAHIRAN: ANALISIS BERPANDUKAN MODEL SISTEM KURIKULUM BEAUCHAMP

COMPONENTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMS: ANALYSIS BASED ON THE BEAUCHAMP CURRICULUM SYSTEM MODEL

Abstract

Pemantapan pelaksanaan pendidikan keusahawanan (PK) dalam pendidikan latihan teknik dan vokasional (TVET) di peringkat negara mahupun global dapat dilihat menerusi pelbagai inisiatif berbentuk polisi, kerangka, panduan mahupun dasar namun masih terdapat pelbagai masalah dan cabaran yang berlaku dalam pelaksanaan PK dalam program latihan kemahiran (PLK) dan di antaranya adalah elemen kurikulum. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini dibangunkan untuk meneroka komponen utama kurikulum bagi pelaksanaan PK dalam Program Latihan Kemahiran (PLK), berpandukan Model Sistem Kurikulum Beauchamp. Melalui analisis meta terhadap 982 artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2018–2023, melalui enjin carian Scopus, Web of Science dan Google Scholar pada 31 Disember 2023 yang lalu.  Berdasarkan analisa meta, sebanyak 16 komponen kurikulum utama telah dikenal pasti iaitu domain pembelajaran, amalan praktikal, kreativiti dan inovasi, pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman, penggunaan teknologi, sumber dan sokongan, pihak industri berkepakaran, pengajar berkepakaran, objektif pembelajaran, rekabentuk kurikulum secara gabungan, aktiviti pembelajaran praktikal, kaedah pembelajaran efektif, penilaian relevan, penilaian penggunaan kurikulum,  pelajar berkompetensi dan pengajar berkompetensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat keterbatasan dalam komponen input seperti amalan praktikal, kolaborasi industri, sumber dan sokongan serta pengajar berkompetensi. Keterbatasan ini menuntut penambahbaikan dalam dimensi proses melalui konsep fleksibel dan gabungan. Kajian ini juga turut memberi cadangan praktikal kepada pendidik, pembuat dasar, dan pembangun kurikulum untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan pendidikan keusahawanan di institusi PLK.

Strengthening the implementation of entrepreneurship education in technical and vocational training education at the national and global levels can be seen through various initiatives in the form of policies, frameworks, and guidelines. However, there are still various problems and challenges that occur in the implementation of PK in skill training program including curriculum elements. In this regard, this study was developed to explore the main components of the curriculum for implementing entrepreneurship education in the skills training program, based on the Beauchamp curriculum system model. Through a meta-analysis of 982 articles published between 2018–2023, through the Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engines on 31 December 2023. Based on the meta-analysis, a total of 16 main curriculum components were identified, namely learning domains, practical practices, creativity and innovation, experiential learning, use of technology, resources, and support, expert industry, expert instructors, learning objectives, blended curriculum design, practical learning activities, effective learning methods, relevant assessment, assessment of curriculum use, competent students and competent instructors. The findings of the study indicate that there are limitations in input components such as practical practices, industry collaboration, resources and support, and qualified instructors. These limitations require improvements in the process dimension through flexible and blended concepts. This study also provides practical suggestions to educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in skill training program institutions.