CULTURAL IDENTITY OF HMONG CHINESE: A STUDY IN NORTHERN THAILAND

Abstract

This study investigates the cultural identity of the Hmong Chinese in Northern Thailand, a transnational community that shares ancestral origins, language, and customs with the Miao people in China. It aims to reveal the current state and influencing factors of their cultural identity within the unique cultural ecology of Northern Thailand. A mixed-methods approach was employed. A total of 222 questionnaires were distributed, with 139 valid responses analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis through SPSS 26.0. In addition, five semi-structured interviews were conducted to complement the quantitative data. The results indicate that the Hmong Chinese in Northern Thailand maintain a moderately high level of identification with both Chinese and Miao cultures across the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. Younger generations, particularly students, exhibit stronger identification compared to older participants. Age and occupation significantly influenced cultural identity, while gender, education, and religion showed no significant effect. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between identification with Chinese culture and Miao culture. It is recommended to strengthen international Chinese education in Northern Thailand by incorporating localized cultural elements, enhancing online communication platforms between Chinese and Thai Miao communities, and promoting cultural exchange through cooperation with local Chinese-language schools. These strategies can reinforce cultural identity, deepen cross-border cultural ties, and support the sustainable transmission of Chinese and Miao cultures among the Hmong Chinese in Northern Thailand.