HUKUM MAD DALAM ILMU TAJWID: SOROTAN LITERATUR DAN ANALISIS PENGUASAAN PEMBACAAN AL-QURAN

THE RULES OF MAD IN TAJWĪD: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF QURʾĀN RECITATION PROFICIENCY

Abstract

Artikel ini membincangkan perbahasan tentang Hukum Mad. Hukum Mad merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam ilmu tajwid yang memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan ketepatan bacaan al-Quran serta kelestarian lafaz sebagaimana yang diajarkan oleh Rasulullah SAW. Perbahasan mengenainya bukan sekadar aspek teknikal bacaan, tetapi juga merangkumi dimensi syar‘i kerana ia berkait langsung dengan kesempurnaan ibadah, khususnya solat dan ketepatan bacaan al-Quran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep Hukum Mad dalam ilmu tajwid berdasarkan sorotan literatur klasik dan kontemporari serta menilai kepentingannya terhadap penguasaan pembacaan al-Quran. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sorotan literatur yang merangkumi karya ulama terdahulu, selain rujukan ilmiah semasa daripada kajian akademik dalam bidang tajwid dan qiraat. Perbincangan dimulakan dengan penjelasan konsep asas Hukum Mad, pembahagian dan jenis-jenisnya, dalil dan kepentingan, diikuti analisis tentang peranan pengetahuan dan amalan dalam mempengaruhi tahap penguasaan bacaan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penguasaan Hukum Mad memerlukan bukan sahaja kefahaman teori, tetapi juga latihan praktikal secara berterusan. Penguasaan yang lemah terhadap hukum ini bukan sahaja menjejaskan ketepatan bacaan, bahkan boleh memberi kesan terhadap kesempurnaan ibadah. Artikel ini menegaskan bahawa penguasaan Hukum Mad perlu diberi perhatian serius dalam kurikulum pengajian al-Quran, khususnya dalam konteks pendidikan tinggi Islam, bagi melahirkan generasi celik al-Quran yang berkemahiran dan berautoriti dalam bacaan.

This article discusses the discourse on The ḥukm al-mād (vowel elongation) in Quranic recitation. The ḥukm al-mād constitutes one of the principal components in the science of tajwīd, playing a vital role in ensuring the precision of Qur’ānic recitation and the preservation of pronunciation as taught by the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be upon him). The discourse concerning it extends beyond the technical aspects of articulation to encompass a shar‘ī dimension, as it is directly related to the perfection of worship, particularly in ṣalāh and the accuracy of Qur’ānic recitation. This article aims to analyse the concept of ḥukm al-mād within the discipline of tajwīd based on both classical and contemporary literature, and to assess its significance in mastering the recitation of the Qur’ān. The study employs a literature review approach that encompasses the works of earlier scholars as well as contemporary academic studies in the fields of tajwīd and qirā’āt. The discussion begins with an exposition of the fundamental concept of ḥukm al-mād, its classifications and types, the evidences and importance attached to it, followed by an analysis of the role of theoretical knowledge and practical application in influencing the level of mastery in recitation. The findings indicate that mastery of ḥukm al-mād requires not only theoretical understanding but also consistent and continuous practical training. Weak mastery of this rule not only affects the accuracy of recitation but may also impact the perfection of worship. This article asserts that the mastery of ḥukm al-mād must be given due emphasis within the Qur’ānic education curriculum, particularly in the context of Islamic higher learning institutions, in order to produce a Qur’ān-literate generation who are both skilled and authoritative in their recitation.