PERBANDINGAN KAEDAH HURUF DAN KAEDAH FONIK BACAAN PINTAR DALAM PENGUASAAN MEMBACA AWAL: ANALISIS PEMETAAN GRAFEM–FONEM DAN PENCAPAIAN ARAS APLIKASI TAKSONOMI BLOOM
COMPARISON OF THE ALPHABETIC METHOD AND THE SMART READING PHONICS METHOD IN EARLY READING MASTERY: AN ANALYSIS OF GRAPHEME-PHONEME MAPPING AND ACHIEVEMENT AT BLOOM'S TAXONOMY APPLICATION LEVEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.830042Keywords:
Membaca Awal (Early Reading), Pemetaan Grafem–Fonem (Grapheme–Phoneme Mapping), Kaedah Huruf (Letter Method), Kaedah Fonik Bacaan Pintar (Bacaan Pintar Phonics Method), Fonologi Bahasa Melayu (Malay Phonology), Taksonomi Bloom (Bloom’s Taxonomy)Abstract
Kajian ini membandingkan Kaedah Huruf dan Kaedah Fonik Bacaan Pintar dalam penguasaan membaca awal dengan meneliti kedua-dua kaedah membentuk pemetaan grafem–fonem serta kesannya terhadap pencapaian aras aplikasi dalam Taksonomi Bloom. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis data primer berasaskan ujian akhir murid Program Intervensi Tahun Satu. Analisis memfokuskan mekanisme pemprosesan ejaan kepada sebutan, khususnya cara murid memetakan lambang tulisan kepada bunyi semasa membaca perkataan baharu. Kerangka analisis berpandukan struktur suku kata bahasa Melayu (KVK), Teori Kata Fonologi, dan prinsip penyukuan kata bahasa Melayu. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa murid yang diajar menggunakan Kaedah Huruf cenderung memproses ejaan melalui nama huruf, lalu menghasilkan sebutan yang tidak stabil, terutamanya dalam suku kata tertutup, gugusan konsonan dan urutan vokal. Sebaliknya, murid yang mengikuti Kaedah Fonik Bacaan Pintar memproses ejaan melalui hubungan fonem-grafem secara langsung dan sistematik, sekali gus membolehkan pembentukan sebutan yang lebih stabil, tepat dan konsisten. Perbezaan ini menunjukkan bahawa keupayaan membaca bukan hanya ditentukan oleh kebolehan mengecam huruf, tetapi oleh kestabilan pemetaan grafem–fonem yang membolehkan murid memindahkan kemahiran bacaan kepada perkataan baharu. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa Kaedah Fonik Bacaan Pintar lebih berkesan dalam menyokong penguasaan membaca awal kerana menyediakan laluan dekod yang lebih stabil dan seterusnya membolehkan murid mencapai aras aplikasi dalam Taksonomi Bloom.
This study compares the Letter Method and the Bacaan Pintar Phonics Method in early reading acquisition by examining how both approaches construct grapheme–phoneme mapping and how this affects pupils’ attainment of the application level in Bloom’s Taxonomy. A qualitative approach was employed through the analysis of primary data derived from final reading assessments of pupils in the Year One Intervention Programme. The analysis focuses on the mechanism through which orthographic forms are converted into spoken forms, particularly how pupils map written symbols onto sounds when reading unfamiliar words. The analytical framework is grounded in Malay syllable structure (C)V(C), Phonological Word Theory, and Malay syllabification principles. The findings indicate that pupils taught using the Letter Method tend to process written forms through letter-name recall, resulting in unstable pronunciation, particularly in closed syllables, consonant clusters, and vowel sequences. In contrast, pupils exposed to the Bacaan Pintar Phonics Method process orthographic forms through direct and systematic grapheme–phoneme mapping, enabling more stable, accurate, and consistent pronunciation. This difference demonstrates that reading ability is not determined merely by letter recognition, but by the stability of grapheme–phoneme mapping that enables pupils to transfer decoding skills to unfamiliar words. The study concludes that the Bacaan Pintar Phonics Method is more effective in supporting early reading acquisition because it provides a more stable decoding pathway and enables pupils to attain the application level in Bloom’s Taxonomy.
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