DETERMINANTS AND BARRIERS TO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH COMMERCIALISATION: A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.831073Keywords:
Determinants And Barriers, Scoping Review, Technology Transfer, University-Industry Collaboration, University Research CommercialisationAbstract
University research commercialisation (URC) plays a crucial role in converting scientific discoveries into socio-economic advantages, nurturing innovation, and boosting national competitiveness. Despite significant investments in research and development, the success rate of commercialising university research remains relatively low, especially in developing countries. While many studies have explored the factors and obstacles affecting URC, the evidence is scattered and lacks a thorough synthesis. This study aimed to systematically map and integrate the literature on the determinants and barriers impacting university research commercialisation. A scoping review was carried out using the frameworks of Arksey and O'Malley, Levac et al., and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches in the Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 657 records, with 178 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2026 meeting the inclusion criteria. The results revealed eight main themes influencing URC, with Commercialisation Process Factors being the most frequently noted determinant, followed by University-Industry Collaboration and Organisational Factors. Common barriers included insufficient funding, limited commercialisation skills, fragmented innovation ecosystems, weak institutional support, and regulatory challenges. The review underscores the complex nature of URC and offers an evidence base for creating integrated strategies to improve commercialisation outcomes and enhance the socio-economic impact of university research.
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