EXPLORING THE BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING GEOPARK HERITAGE DESTINATION: THE CASE OF GUNUNG STONG AND LOJING HIGHLANDS, MALAYSIA

Abstract

The present study investigates the obstacles and difficulties of developing Geopark heritage sites in Kelantan, Malaysia, specifically emphasizing Gunung Stong and the Lojing Highlands. Within the worldwide UNESCO Geopark initiative framework, these locations possess considerable capacity to advance sustainable tourism, conservation, and socio-economic development. Furthermore, we must resolve some barriers that impede progress to achieve maximum capacity. The present study employed a qualitative research approach to undertake a systematic content analysis of secondary data sources, encompassing local development plans, national policies, and pertinent literature. The investigation revealed five primary obstacles: insufficient infrastructure, financial limitations, environmental deterioration, weak community involvement, and poor marketing and promotion. These issues are interrelated, as financial and infrastructure constraints worsen environmental and social problems. The report emphasizes the need for a coordinated, multi-stakeholder strategy to address these obstacles, including government agencies, local communities, corporate investors, and conservation organizations. By effectively tackling these obstacles, the Kelantan Geopark project can contribute substantially to preserving natural and cultural heritage, promoting sustainable tourism, and improving local livelihoods. The results of this evaluation have wider ramifications for comparable Geopark initiatives in different areas, providing valuable knowledge on optimal methods and tactics for effective execution.