DISTRIBUTIONS OF GAMMA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE (LINDANE) IN WATER, FISH, SHELLFISH, AND SEDIMENTS SAMPLES: A PROPOSED WORKFLOW FOR STRENGTHENING LINDANE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE APPROACH

Abstract

Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals, like pesticides and medicines, are created with the intention of benefiting humanity. Nevertheless, certain chemicals used in this industry have been released into various environments either directly or indirectly causing negative impacts on global health. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of previous fifteen number of studies conducted on the distribution and concentrations of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), in water, sediments, soils, fish, and shellfish samples collected from sampling sites across the globe between 2019 to 2022. However, the adverse effects of lindane use on the environment, including humans and animals, can be reduced and controlled by implementing efficient and sustainable pesticide management by the parties involved. Therefore, four important stages for systematic management of lindane have been presented in this article. These four stages begin with the process of manufacturing lindane, followed by the use of this compound, then the pollution control that needs to be taken and end with an effective and sustainable lindane elimination plan. The four proposed stages require full attention from all parties involved. This is because various issues that occur involve concerns about environmental pollution due to lindane management, which needs to be improved.