THE ELEMENTS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES IN NEWSPAPERS BETWEEN ARABIC AND CHINESE LANGUAGES: SYNTACTIC COMPARISON

Abstract

This study compares the elements of simple sentences in newspapers between Arabic and Chinese languages. This study introduces the basic knowledge of Arabic and Chinese languages, as well as the purpose and significance of this study. This study introduces the basic knowledge of classification of sentences in Arabic and Chinese and the definition of simple sentence. In addition, it also introduces the elements of simple sentences of Arabic and Chinese languages. On the basis of doing syntactic comparison and the study of previous theses and reading the Arabic and Chinese grammar books, the researcher found three similarities and three differences of the elements of simple sentences between Arabic and Chinese languages. It analyzes the detailed explanations the problems of confusing knowledge points, and also the typical example sentences from newspapers. By the way, not all the example sentences from newspapers, because the newspaper article has its special style, not all the author's example sentences can be found in the newspaper, especially grammatical phenomena that are rarely used. So some examples are from grammar books and the remaining examples are written by the author herself. The study finds similarity of the elements of simple sentences between Arabic and Chinese languages that the most of the simple sentence elements in Arabic and Chinese can be omitted. The second similarity is that only one verb can constitute a complete and meaningful sentence. The third similarity is that both Arabic and Chinese sentences can begin with a noun or verb. On the other hand, the first difference of the elements of simple sentences between Arabic and Chinese languages is that the difference between an Arabic verb which is a element of a simple sentence and a Chinese verb which is exists as a word. The second difference is that the Arabic transitive verbs can have one or two or three objects in the same sentence, however the Chinese transitive verbs can only have one or two objects in the same sentence, that means there can be up to three objects simultaneously in a complete and meaningful Arabic sentence, but there can be up to two objects simultaneously in a complete and meaningful Chinese sentence. The third difference is that a transitive verb can take object and without the object in Chinese Language, on the contrary, a transitive verb must have object and it can’t done without the object in Arabic Language