KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL PLATFORM DIGITAL PEMBELAJARAN SIRAH NABAWIYYAH BERASASKAN AI-RAG DAN PENDEKATAN HEUTAGOGI
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AN AI-RAG-BASED DIGITAL SIRAH NABAWIYYAH LEARNING PLATFORM USING A HEUTAGOGICAL APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJHPL.935006Keywords:
Heutagogi (Heutagogy), Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence), Pembelajaran Sirah Nabawiyyah (Sirah Nabawiyyah), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), Teknologi Pendidikan (Technology-Enhanced Learning)Abstract
Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai kerangka bagi platform digital pembelajaran Sirah Nabawiyyah yang menggabungkan kecerdasan buatan berasaskan Retrieval-Augmented Generation (AI-RAG) dengan pendekatan heutagogi. Kerangka ini dibangunkan bagi menangani dua isu utama, iaitu pembelajaran Sirah yang masih banyak berpusatkan penerimaan maklumat dan kurang dikaitkan dengan kehidupan, serta risiko ketidaktepatan maklumat apabila model bahasa besar umum digunakan untuk menjawab persoalan berkaitan Islam. Kajian dilaksanakan melalui sintesis integratif terhadap penerbitan-penerbitan ilmiah yang relevan. Setiap sumber dianalisis berdasarkan konteks, konsep utama, mekanisme, bukti dan batas kajian. Dapatan seterusnya dihubungkan dengan keperluan reka bentuk berdasarkan penjelasan yang paling munasabah, lalu dinilai dari segi kejelasan hubungan, keselarasan dan batas penggunaan. Hasil analisis membentuk kerangka empat lapisan: pengetahuan yang bersumberkan bahan terpilih dan boleh ditelusuri; teknologi yang melibatkan pencarian maklumat, penyusunan keutamaan sumber, penjanaan jawapan berpandukan bukti, paparan rujukan dan kebolehan sistem menghentikan jawapan apabila bukti tidak mencukupi; pedagogi yang menggalakkan peranan aktif pelajar, penilaian semula andaian dan keupayaan menerapkan pembelajaran; serta penilaian formatif yang disemak oleh pendidik. Tadbir urus kesahihan ilmu, privasi dan audit diterapkan pada semua lapisan. Kerangka ini menegaskan bahawa RAG dapat membantu menghasilkan jawapan yang lebih berpandukan sumber dan mudah ditelusuri, tetapi tidak menjamin setiap jawapan benar atau bebas daripada kesilapan. Sumbangan artikel merangkumi matriks yang menghubungkan masalah, keperluan dan komponen reka bentuk, penerapan prinsip heutagogi dalam fungsi platform, serta enam hubungan yang boleh diuji. Pengesahan pakar dan penilaian empirikal masih diperlukan sebelum keberkesanan pembelajaran dapat dirumuskan.
This article develops a framework for a digital Sirah Nabawiyyah learning platform that integrates artificial intelligence based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (AI-RAG) with a heutagogical approach. It addresses passive and decontextualised Sirah learning and the risk of inaccurate information when generic large language models are used for Islamic content. The study adopts a conceptual-article design and an integrative synthesis of relevant publications. Sources were examined through a context-construct-mechanism-evidence-limitation matrix, mapped abductively to design requirements, and checked for traceability, coherence, and boundary conditions. The resulting framework comprises four layers: curated, provenance-rich knowledge; technology encompassing retrieval, reranking, constrained generation, citation, and abstention; pedagogy supporting learner agency, double-loop learning, and capability development; and formative assessment subject to educator review. Epistemic governance, privacy, and auditability cut across all layers. The framework explicitly recognises that RAG may improve grounding and response traceability but cannot guarantee truth or eliminate hallucinations. The article contributes a problem-requirement-component traceability matrix, an operational mapping of heutagogical principles, and six testable propositions. Expert validation and empirical evaluation remain necessary before claims about learning effectiveness can be made.
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