FROM AI-GENERATED DESIGNS TO PHYSICAL PROTOTYPES: CASE STUDY ON THE FINAL STAGES OF LIGHTING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EDUCATION

Abstract

This paper investigates how AI-generated designs are transformed into physical prototypes in industrial design education, with a focus on lighting product development. The use of text-to-image generation tools has enhanced the ideation phase by allowing students to explore a wide range of design possibilities efficiently. However, challenges occur when converting these digital concepts into functional physical prototypes, as maintaining design integrity and navigating material and production limitations prove difficult.  Through a qualitative case study, involving 20 industrial design students, this research examines a structured four-phase process: (1) ideation through AI tools, (2) transitioning AI-generated images to sketches, (3) refining sketches into 3D models, and (4) developing physical prototypes. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess how closely the final prototypes aligned with the original AI-generated designs in terms of form, function, and material choice. Findings showed that while some prototypes preserved crucial design elements, others required significant adjustments due to material constraints and manufacturing challenges, impacting the final output on prototypes stage. This research highlights the critical role of prototyping in connecting digital concepts with physical products. It emphasizes the need for teaching material selection, production methods, and adaptive design strategies to support students in overcoming real-world challenges.