ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.829008Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Language, Learning, TeachingAbstract
This study presents a bibliometric mapping of research on artificial intelligence (AI) in language learning and teaching, offering a systematic overview of trends, influential contributors, and emerging research themes. Despite rapid growth in AI-enhanced education, comprehensive analyses of global patterns and thematic focus remain scarce. Using Scopus advanced search with the keywords “AI,” “teaching,” “learning,” and “language,” 653 publications were retrieved. Data were cleaned and harmonized with OpenRefine to ensure consistency, followed by statistical and graphical analyses using Scopus Analyzer. Network visualizations were generated in VOSviewer, including keyword co-occurrence, country co-authorship, and citation linkages, to uncover research clusters and collaboration patterns. Results indicate that AI, language learning, and educational technology dominate the literature, with China, the United States, and the United Kingdom leading in productivity and international collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed six thematic clusters, highlighting personalized learning, natural language processing, machine learning applications, and AI-driven pedagogical strategies. Country co-authorship generated eight clusters, reflecting strong collaborative networks across East Asia, North America, and Europe. These findings provide critical insights into the structure and evolution of AI in language education, guiding future research priorities, fostering global collaboration, and informing educational policy. The study underscores AI’s transformative potential in language teaching and learning while charting directions for interdisciplinary and cross-national research advancement.
Downloads
References
Akinsemolu, A. A., & Onyeaka, H. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Language Learning: Opportunities and Ethical Considerations. Journal of Language and Education, 11(1), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2025.22118
Al-Khoury, A., Hussein, S. A., Abdulwhab, M., Aljuboori, Z. M., Haddad, H., Ali, M. A., Abed, I. A., & Flayyih, H. H. (2022). Intellectual Capital History and Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus Database. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811615
Alqahtani, T., Badreldin, H. A., Alrashed, M., Alshaya, A. I., Alghamdi, S. S., Bin Saleh, K., Alowais, S. A., Alshaya, O. A., Rahman, I., & Al Yami, M. S. (2023). The emergent role of artificial intelligence, natural learning processing, and large language models in higher education and research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 19(8), 1236–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.05.016
Alves, J. L., Borges, I. B., & De Nadae, J. (2021). Sustainability in complex projects of civil construction: Bibliometric and bibliographic review. Gestao e Producao, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9649-2020v28e5389
Alwahedi, F., Aldhaheri, A., Ferrag, M. A., Battah, A., & Tihanyi, N. (2024). Machine learning techniques for IoT security: Current research and future vision with generative AI and large language models. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 4, 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.12.003
Appio, F. P., Cesaroni, F., & Di Minin, A. (2014). Visualizing the structure and bridges of the intellectual property management and strategy literature: a document co-citation analysis. Scientometrics, 101(1), 623–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1329-0
Assyakur, D. S., & Rosa, E. M. (2022). Spiritual Leadership in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v7i2.914
Belda-Medina, J., & Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2022). Using Chatbots as AI Conversational Partners in Language Learning. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178427
Caines, A., Buttery, P., & Seed, G. (2025). Towards equitable, diverse and inclusive language models in AI-enhanced education technology for language learners. In The Routledge Handbook of the Sociopolitical Context of Language Learning (pp. 401–416). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003398172-29
Di Stefano, G., Peteraf, M., & Veronay, G. (2010). Dynamic capabilities deconstructed: A bibliographic investigation into the origins, development, and future directions of the research domain. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4), 1187–1204. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtq027
Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., & Davarzani, H. (2015). Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis. In International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 162, pp. 101–114). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003
Gu, D., Li, T., Wang, X., Yang, X., & Yu, Z. (2019). Visualizing the intellectual structure and evolution of electronic health and telemedicine research. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.08.007
Haristiani, N. (2019). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbot as Language Learning Medium: An inquiry. In I. Ifdil, Y. Yohandri, K. Krismadinata, & R. Rahim (Eds.), Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1387, Issue 1). Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012020
Hubers, M. D., D.Endedijk, M., & Van Veen, K. (2022). Effective characteristics of professional development programs for science and technology education. Professional Development in Education, 48(5), 827–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2020.1752289
Janku, M. (2025). Working with Artificial Intelligence in German Lessons: A Case Study Using the Example of Chatgpt. Palimpsest, 10(19), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.46763/PALIM251019227j
Jiao, S., & Sun, Q. (2021). Digital economic development and its impact on econimic growth in china: Research based on the prespective of sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810245
Khiste, G. P., & Paithankar, R. R. (2017). Analysis of Bibliometric term in Scopus. International Research Journal, 01(32), 78–83.
Király, L. (2024). Artificial Intelligence as a Virtual Language Teacher. Magyar Nyelvor, 148(5), 649–665. https://doi.org/10.38143/Nyr.2024.5.649
Langley, P., & Leyshon, A. (2017). Platform capitalism: The intermediation and capitalization of digital economic circulation. Finance and Society, 3(1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v3i1.1936
Law, L. (2024). Application of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in language teaching and learning: A scoping literature review. Computers and Education Open, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100174
Mageira, K., Pittou, D., Papasalouros, A., Kotis, K., Zangogianni, P., & Daradoumis, A. (2022). Educational AI Chatbots for Content and Language Integrated Learning. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073239
Malik, M. N., Khan, H. H., Chofreh, A. G., Goni, F. A., Klemeš, J. J., & Alotaibi, Y. (2019). Investigating students’ sustainability awareness and the curriculum of technology education in Pakistan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092651
Mohamed, A. M. (2024). Exploring the potential of an AI-based Chatbot (ChatGPT) in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching: perceptions of EFL Faculty Members. Education and Information Technologies, 29(3), 3195–3217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11917-z
Nordlöf, C., Norström, P., Höst, G., & Hallström, J. (2022). Towards a three-part heuristic framework for technology education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(3), 1583–1604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09664-8
Pienimäki, M., Kinnula, M., & Iivari, N. (2021). Finding fun in non-formal technology education. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100283
Qassrawi, R., & Al Karasneh, S. M. (2025). Redefinition of Human-Centric Skills in Language Education in the AI-Driven Era. Studies in English Language and Education, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v12i1.43082
Senanayake, S., Karunanayaka, K., & Ekanayake, K. V. J. P. (2024). Review on AI Assistant Systems for Programming Language Learning in Learning Environments. 2024 8th SLAAI - International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SLAAI-ICAI 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/SLAAI-ICAI63667.2024.10844969
Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
Tariq, M. U. (2025). The Role of AI in Personalized English Language Learning. In AI-Powered English Teaching (pp. 93–123). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1952-0.ch003
Tashpolatovna, S. M., Turgunovna, I. S., & Xikmatullayevna, K. F. (2025). THE ROLE OF Artificial Intelligence In Foreign Language Education: Bridging Traditional And Virtual Methods. Utilitas Mathematica, 122, 1383–1391. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105014953875&partnerID=40&md5=e69bf058855ca145e1dafad72f151a36
Tong, S. Y., Li, Y., & Kong, T. Y. (2021). Exploring Digital Economic Agreements to Promote Digital Connectivity in ASEAN. ERIA Discussion Paper, 24.
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111(2), 1053–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2007). Bibliometric mapping of the computational intelligence field. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowldege-Based Systems, 15(5), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218488507004911
Verbeek, A., Debackere, K., Luwel, M., & Zimmermann, E. (2002). Measuring progress and evolution in science and technology - I: The multiple uses of bibliometric indicators. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00083
Wang, X., Liu, Q., Pang, H., Tan, S. C., Lei, J., Wallace, M. P., & Li, L. (2023). What matters in AI-supported learning: A study of human-AI interactions in language learning using cluster analysis and epistemic network analysis. Computers and Education, 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104703
Wei, L. (2023). Artificial intelligence in language instruction: impact on English learning achievement, L2 motivation, and self-regulated learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1261955
Wu, Y. C. J., & Wu, T. (2017). A decade of entrepreneurship education in the Asia Pacific for future directions in theory and practice. In Management Decision (Vol. 55, Issue 7, pp. 1333–1350). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0518
Ying Soon, G., Binti Abdullah, N. A. C., Binti Abdul Rahman, N. A., Suyan, Z., & Yiming, C. (2024). Integrating AI Chatbots in ESL and CFL Instruction: Revolutionizing Language Learning with Artificial Intelligence. LatIA, 2. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202411
