TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN: IMPLIKASI PENGGUNAAN CHATGPT TERHADAP AMALAN ETIKA PROFESIONAL GURU
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS OF CHATGPT USE ON TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL ETHICAL PRACTICES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/IJMOE.829040Keywords:
ChatGPT, Etika Profesional (Professional Ethics), Integrasi AI (AI), Profesionalisme Guru (Teacher Professionalism)Abstract
Dalam era Revolusi Industri 4.0, transformasi digital telah mengintegrasikan alatan AI generatif seperti ChatGPT ke dalam sektor pendidikan, sekali gus mencetuskan polemik mengenai integriti akademik dan tanggungjawab profesional. Walau bagaimanapun, kebanyakan perbincangan semasa mengenai ChatGPT didapati lebih bersifat normatif atau konseptual, manakala bukti empirikal dalam konteks guru tempatan masih amat terhad. Masih wujud kekosongan kajian yang menghubungkan penggunaan AI secara khusus dengan amalan etika profesional guru. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penggunaan ChatGPT, menilai amalan etika profesional guru, serta menganalisis hubungan antara kedua-dua pemboleh ubah tersebut. Konstruk penggunaan ChatGPT diperincikan merangkumi aspek tujuan penggunaan seperti perancangan pengajaran, penyediaan bahan, pentaksiran, dan refleksi pengajaran serta tahap kekerapan penggunaannya. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan korelasi, data diperoleh melalui soal selidik yang melibatkan 248 orang guru di Selangor dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS melalui statistik deskriptif serta korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap penggunaan terhadap ChatGPT adalah sangat tinggi (98.4%), yang mencerminkan pengintegrasian alat ini secara rutin dalam tugasan harian pendidik. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara penggunaan ChatGPT dan amalan etika profesional, namun nilai korelasi (r= 0.279, p< 0.001) menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan yang berada pada tahap kecil ke sederhana. Pentafsiran hubungan ini perlu dilakukan secara berhati-hati kerana walaupun ia signifikan, hubungannya tidak kuat dan tidak membawa implikasi sebab-akibat. Dapatan ini memberi petunjuk bahawa kekerapan serta tujuan penggunaan ChatGPT mempunyai perkaitan dengan tahap kesedaran etika dalam kalangan pendidik. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan integrasi AI secara reflektif dan keperluan latihan profesional yang khusus bagi menjamin kelestarian integriti profesion keguruan dalam fasa transformasi digital.
In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, digital transformation has led to the integration of generative AI tools like ChatGPT into the education sector, sparking intense debate over academic integrity and professional responsibility. However, most current discussions regarding ChatGPT remain primarily normative or conceptual, while empirical evidence within the context of local educators remains notably scarce. There is a persistent research gap concerning studies that specifically link AI usage to the professional ethical practices of teachers in the field. Consequently, this study was undertaken to identify the level of ChatGPT usage, evaluate teachers' professional ethical practices, and analyze the relationship between these two variables. The construct of ChatGPT usage was specifically detailed to encompass both the frequency of use and distinct professional purposes, including instructional planning, material preparation, assessment and professional reflection. Utilizing a correlational research design, data were collected via questionnaires from 248 teachers in Selangor and analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The findings indicate a very high level of ChatGPT usage (98.4%), reflecting its routine integration into educators' daily professional tasks. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between ChatGPT usage and professional ethical practices. However, the correlation coefficient (r = 0.279, p < 0.001) suggests that the strength of the relationship is small to moderate. This relationship must be interpreted with caution; while significant, the connection is not strong and does not imply a causal effect. These results provide an indication that the frequency and purpose of ChatGPT usage are associated with the level of ethical awareness among educators. Ultimately, this study highlights the necessity of reflective AI integration and specialized professional training to safeguard the integrity of the teaching profession during this phase of digital transformation.
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