TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR AI ADOPTION IN MEDICAL LIBRARIES: INTEGRATING TOE, DOI, COM-B, AND UTAUT MODEL

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming library operations through automation and enhanced efficiency, yet its adoption in medical libraries, particularly in Malaysia, remains insufficiently studied. The objective of this study is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework to explain AI adoption in medical library settings by integrating the COM-B Model, the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory. The framework highlights three determinant categories: capability, opportunity and motivation. These factors are proposed to influence intention, which in turn drives adoption behavior. Developed through a narrative literature review and theory synthesis, the framework addresses the limitations of single-theory approaches and offers both theoretical and practical contributions. It provides guidance for medical library administrators and policymakers to enhance AI readiness and establishes a foundation for future empirical research in healthcare education contexts.